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if的用法 精簡(jiǎn)與典藏版

 惡之一眉 2011-05-05
1. (表示條件)如果
He will come if you invite him.
如果你請(qǐng)他,他會(huì)來(lái)的。
2. (表示虛擬)假如,要是
If I were you, I would never do that.
如果我是你,我決不做那件事。
3. (表示讓步)即使
We'll go even if it rains.
即使下雨我們也要去。
4. 是否
I wonder if she is ill.
不知她是否病了。
5. (表示因果關(guān)系)每一次...的時(shí)候(總是會(huì))
If I feel any doubt, I inquire.
我一感到有疑問(wèn)就隨時(shí)詢問(wèn)。
n.
1. 條件;設(shè)想[C]
There are too many ifs in his offer.
他的提議中條件太多了。
回答人的補(bǔ)充   2009-11-07 21:53

if you did/were...,I would do...

if you had done... , I would have done...

if it should/would do...,I would do...

回答人的補(bǔ)充   2009-11-07 21:54
1. (表示條件)如果 ,主句用將來(lái)時(shí),if從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)
He will come if you invite him.
如果你請(qǐng)他,他會(huì)來(lái)的。
2. (表示虛擬)假如,要是

1)時(shí)態(tài):可以表示過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。
a. 同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型 : 條件從句 主句
一般過(guò)去時(shí) should( would) +動(dòng)詞原形
If they were here, they would help you.

b. 表示于過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
句型: 條件從句 主句
過(guò)去完成時(shí) should(would) have+ 過(guò)去分詞
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.


If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含義:He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含義: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.

c. 表示對(duì)將來(lái)的假想
句型: 條件從句 主句
一般過(guò)去時(shí) should+ 動(dòng)詞原形
were+ 不定式 would + 動(dòng)詞原形
should+ 動(dòng)詞原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right
回答人的補(bǔ)充   2009-11-07 21:55

if是英語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)頻率很高的連詞,并且它的用法也很多。學(xué)生感到很難掌握,為了讓同學(xué)們更多更好地了解其用法及其語(yǔ)法功能?,F(xiàn)結(jié)合教學(xué)中遇到的情況,予以歸納,以供參考。

  

   一、if作為連詞,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,它表示的意思是“假如”“如果”等。在復(fù)合句中如果主句用將

  來(lái)時(shí),則if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:

   1. If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the park next Sunday. 如果天不下雨,下周星期天我們將去公園。

   2. If you ask him,he will help you.如果你求他,他將會(huì)幫助你。

   二、if還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。這時(shí)if當(dāng)作“即使是”,“雖說(shuō)”解。例如:

   1. If she’s poor,at least she’s honest. 雖說(shuō)她很窮,但至少她還是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。

   2. If I am wrong,you are wrong, too. 即使說(shuō)我錯(cuò)了,那么你也不對(duì)。

   3. I’ll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. 雖然會(huì)花費(fèi)我一下午的時(shí)間,我還是要做這事。

   三、if作為連詞還可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)和whether意思相同。例如:

   1. Lily asked if / whether she liked it. 莉莉問(wèn)她是否喜歡它。

   2. She asked if / whether they had a cotton one. 她問(wèn)是否他們有一件棉織的。

   四、if引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,當(dāng)if做“當(dāng)”或“無(wú)論何時(shí)”解而不含有條件之義時(shí),if從句中的時(shí)態(tài)與主句中的時(shí)態(tài)相同。例如:

   1. If youmix yellow and blue,you get green.你將黃色與藍(lán)色混合,便會(huì)得到綠色。

   2. If she wants the servant,she rings the bell.每當(dāng)她需要仆人時(shí),她便按鈴。

   五、if后接否定動(dòng)詞,用于感嘆句中,表示沮喪、驚奇等。例如:

   I. Well,if I haven’t left my false teeth at home!真倒霉,我把假牙丟在家里了!

   2. And if he didn’t try to knock me down!(What do you think he did!He tried knock me down!)你猜他想做什么?他想把我撞倒!

   六、用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,if從句中用過(guò)去式,表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn),大概不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)或提出作為考慮的假定條件。例如:

   1. If you were a bird, you could fly.假使你是只鳥(niǎo),你便會(huì)飛了。

   2. If I asked him(if I were to ask him) for a loan,would he agree?如果我向他借貸,他會(huì)答應(yīng)嗎?

   另外,if從句中用過(guò)去完成式,表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件(例如由于不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或某人之未能實(shí)行)。例如:

   1. If they had startedearlier,they would have arrivedin time.要是他們?cè)缧﹦?dòng)身,他們便可及時(shí)到達(dá)了。

   2. If they had not started when they did,they would not be here now.如果他們那時(shí)不動(dòng)身,現(xiàn)在他們就不會(huì)在此地了。

   第三,在文學(xué)體栽中,if有時(shí)可省略,然后將主語(yǔ)與所用的限定動(dòng)詞(尤其是were,had,should)倒置。例如:

   1. Should it (=if it should)be necessary,I will go. 倘若有必要,我會(huì)去的。

   2. Were I(=if I were) in your place,I would do the same . 如果我處于你的位置,我也會(huì)這樣干的。

   3. Had I(=if I had)known earlier,I would come.如果我早一點(diǎn)知道,我就會(huì)來(lái)。

   七、if與其它一些介詞的連用。

   首先,as與if連用,它的意思是:“仿佛、好像”同樣引導(dǎo)從句。例如:

   1. It isn’t as if we are rich.(We are not rich.)我們不像富有的樣子。(即我們不富有)

   2. It isn’t as if he doesn’t know the ruler.(i.e.He does know the rulers.)他不像不懂規(guī)則的樣子。(即他懂得規(guī)則)

   另外as if還可以引導(dǎo)感嘆句。例如:

   As if I would allow it!(i.e.I would certainly not allow it!)好像我會(huì)答應(yīng)似的!(我才不會(huì)答應(yīng)哩!)

   其次, if與only連用。常表示愿望或一個(gè)未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件,尤其用于感嘆句中。例如:

   1. If only he arrives in time!他若能及時(shí)到達(dá)就好了!

   2. If only she would marry me!但愿她能嫁給我!

   3. If only she had known about it!(But she didn’t know.) 她那時(shí)要是知道(但她不知道)這事就好了!

if是英語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)頻率很高的連詞,并且它的用法也很多。學(xué)生感到很難掌握,為了讓同學(xué)們更多更好地了解其用法及其語(yǔ)法功能?,F(xiàn)結(jié)合教學(xué)中遇到的情況,予以歸納,以供參考。

  

   一、if作為連詞,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,它表示的意思是“假如”“如果”等。在復(fù)合句中如果主句用將

  來(lái)時(shí),則if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:

   1. If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the park next Sunday. 如果天不下雨,下周星期天我們將去公園。

   2. If you ask him,he will help you.如果你求他,他將會(huì)幫助你。

   二、if還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。這時(shí)if當(dāng)作“即使是”,“雖說(shuō)”解。例如:

   1. If she’s poor,at least she’s honest. 雖說(shuō)她很窮,但至少她還是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。

   2. If I am wrong,you are wrong, too. 即使說(shuō)我錯(cuò)了,那么你也不對(duì)。

   3. I’ll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. 雖然會(huì)花費(fèi)我一下午的時(shí)間,我還是要做這事。

   三、if作為連詞還可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)和whether意思相同。例如:

   1. Lily asked if / whether she liked it. 莉莉問(wèn)她是否喜歡它。

   2. She asked if / whether they had a cotton one. 她問(wèn)是否他們有一件棉織的。

   四、if引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,當(dāng)if做“當(dāng)”或“無(wú)論何時(shí)”解而不含有條件之義時(shí),if從句中的時(shí)態(tài)與主句中的時(shí)態(tài)相同。例如:

   1. If youmix yellow and blue,you get green.你將黃色與藍(lán)色混合,便會(huì)得到綠色。

   2. If she wants the servant,she rings the bell.每當(dāng)她需要仆人時(shí),她便按鈴。

   五、if后接否定動(dòng)詞,用于感嘆句中,表示沮喪、驚奇等。例如:

   I. Well,if I haven’t left my false teeth at home!真倒霉,我把假牙丟在家里了!

   2. And if he didn’t try to knock me down!(What do you think he did!He tried knock me down!)你猜他想做什么?他想把我撞倒!

   六、用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,if從句中用過(guò)去式,表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn),大概不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)或提出作為考慮的假定條件。例如:

   1. If you were a bird, you could fly.假使你是只鳥(niǎo),你便會(huì)飛了。

   2. If I asked him(if I were to ask him) for a loan,would he agree?如果我向他借貸,他會(huì)答應(yīng)嗎?

   另外,if從句中用過(guò)去完成式,表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件(例如由于不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或某人之未能實(shí)行)。例如:

   1. If they had startedearlier,they would have arrivedin time.要是他們?cè)缧﹦?dòng)身,他們便可及時(shí)到達(dá)了。

   2. If they had not started when they did,they would not be here now.如果他們那時(shí)不動(dòng)身,現(xiàn)在他們就不會(huì)在此地了。

   第三,在文學(xué)體栽中,if有時(shí)可省略,然后將主語(yǔ)與所用的限定動(dòng)詞(尤其是were,had,should)倒置。例如:

   1. Should it (=if it should)be necessary,I will go. 倘若有必要,我會(huì)去的。

   2. Were I(=if I were) in your place,I would do the same . 如果我處于你的位置,我也會(huì)這樣干的。

   3. Had I(=if I had)known earlier,I would come.如果我早一點(diǎn)知道,我就會(huì)來(lái)。

   七、if與其它一些介詞的連用。

   首先,as與if連用,它的意思是:“仿佛、好像”同樣引導(dǎo)從句。例如:

   1. It isn’t as if we are rich.(We are not rich.)我們不像富有的樣子。(即我們不富有)

   2. It isn’t as if he doesn’t know the ruler.(i.e.He does know the rulers.)他不像不懂規(guī)則的樣子。(即他懂得規(guī)則)

   另外as if還可以引導(dǎo)感嘆句。例如:

   As if I would allow it!(i.e.I would certainly not allow it!)好像我會(huì)答應(yīng)似的!(我才不會(huì)答應(yīng)哩!)

   其次, if與only連用。常表示愿望或一個(gè)未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件,尤其用于感嘆句中。例如:

   1. If only he arrives in time!他若能及時(shí)到達(dá)就好了!

   2. If only she would marry me!但愿她能嫁給我!

   3. If only she had known about it!(But she didn’t know.) 她那時(shí)要是知道(但她不知道)這事就好了!

回答人的補(bǔ)充   2009-11-07 21:55

O(∩_∩)O~ 這些絕對(duì)夠你用了啦

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