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英語八類狀語從句的用法歸納
一、概說 狀語從句即指在主從復(fù)合句用作狀語的從句。按照其意義,狀語從句可分為時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等。狀語從句是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)語法重點(diǎn),也是歷年高考重點(diǎn)考查的內(nèi)容之一。學(xué)習(xí)狀語從句主要應(yīng)注意引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法與區(qū)別,以及從屬連詞在一定的語言環(huán)境中的意義與用法。 二、時(shí)間狀語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞很多,常見的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。 2. 表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”的 while, when, as 的用法區(qū)別是:while從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;表示帶有規(guī)律性的“每當(dāng)”或當(dāng)主、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后時(shí),只能用 when;當(dāng)表示“一邊…一邊…”或“隨著”時(shí),只能用 as。另外,用于此義的 as 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句謂語只能是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,不能是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如下面一道高考題的答案是 B 而不能是A: “I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?” A. As B. While C. Because D. If 3. until 在肯定句中通常只連用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示相應(yīng)動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)間;在否定句中通常連用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示相應(yīng)動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間,意為“直到…才”。如: He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著一直到她準(zhǔn)備離開。 I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才開始工作。 4. 表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外,還可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如: I came immediately you called. 你一來電話我就來了。 Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她剛到就下起雪來了。 The moment I have finished I'll give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話。 5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 結(jié)尾的詞語也可用作連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。如: Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進(jìn)來,請關(guān)門。 He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我見到他時(shí)他什么也沒告訴我。 By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家時(shí)她已睡覺了。 三、條件狀語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。如: Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打電話,否則你別來。 If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔細(xì)瞧你會(huì)看出該怎樣做。 As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你盡力,我們就滿意了。 2. in case 也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,其意為“如果”、“萬一”。如: In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,請?zhí)嵝盐摇?/span> 四、讓步狀語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不論…還是)等連詞。如: The speech is good, though it could be better. 這次演講不錯(cuò),雖然還可以再好一點(diǎn)。 He went out even though it was raining. 盡管下雨,他還是出去了。 2. as 也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但要將名詞、形容詞或副詞等提到 as 前,若提前的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,要省略 a / an。如: Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 雖然是老師,他也不可能什么都懂。 3. 連詞 while 有時(shí)也可表示“盡管”、“雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如: While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 盡管我們意見不同,我們還是朋友。 4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如: Don’t lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么,都不要灰心。 Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是誰,你都不能從這里通過。 注:表示“雖然”的 though, although 不可與 but 連用,但可與 yet, still 連用。 五、原因狀語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等: They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他們不可能出去了,因?yàn)闊暨€亮著。 Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去,我也去。 Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 現(xiàn)在我們單獨(dú)在一起,可以隨便談了。 2. 除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外,when有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,其意“既然”。如: I can’t tell you when you won't listen. 既然你不想聽,我就不告訴你了。 3. 有關(guān)原因狀語從句還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn): (1) as 與 since, now that 一樣表示雙方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)被強(qiáng)調(diào)。 (2) 當(dāng)表示直接的因果關(guān)系,回答 why 時(shí),或有 on (3) for 有時(shí)也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,對前一分句加以解釋或推斷。 (4) 不要受漢語意思影響將表示“因?yàn)椤钡倪B詞與表示“所以”的 so 連用。 六、地點(diǎn)狀語從句 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有where (在…的地方), wherever(無論什么地方), everywhere(每個(gè)…地方), anywhere(任何…地方)。如: I’m not living where I was. 我不在原處住了。 You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能隨便在哪兒宿營。 Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣情況。 2. 有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為地點(diǎn)狀語從句在平時(shí)見得不多,誤認(rèn)為考試不會(huì)涉及,但恰恰相反,地點(diǎn)狀語從句卻是英語考試經(jīng)??疾榈囊粋€(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。請看以下考題: (1) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where (2) After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had on A. that B. where C. which D. when (3) You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again. A. when B. where C. then D. there (4) She found her calculator ______ she lost it. A. where B. when C. in which D. that 以上四題均選where,其意為“在…的地方”,用以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。 七、目的狀語從句 1. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如: I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一條船去釣魚。 Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 帶著雨衣以防下雨。 He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí),是為了能通過考試。 2. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的 so that 有時(shí)可省so 或 that,即單獨(dú)用 so 或 that 來引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。如: Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔細(xì)檢查,以便任何錯(cuò)誤都可檢查出。 Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。 八、結(jié)果狀語從句 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。如: He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他氣得話都說不出來。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗子用力很大,結(jié)果玻璃震破了。 注:so…that和such…that中的that有時(shí)(尤其在口語中)可省略。
英語語法詳解:讓步狀語從句(三大方面) 一、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞 主要的有although, though, even though, even if等: Although he is poor, he’s still happy. 雖然他很窮,他仍然很快樂。 I will try it, though I may fail. 即使我可能失敗, 我也要試一下。 We’ll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我們也要去。 【注】除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句外,還應(yīng)注意以下情況: (1) 用when 和while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。不要認(rèn)為when和while只引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,其實(shí)它們也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意思是“盡管”或“雖然”: She stopped when she ought to have continued. 盡管她應(yīng)該繼續(xù)下去,她卻停住了。 While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 雖然我理解你的意思,但我還是不同意。 (2) 用whether…or…引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句: I’ll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜歡,我都要做。 Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不論我們幫助他與否, 他都將失敗。 (3) 用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句: He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么,他就做什么。 Come whenever you like. 你愛什么時(shí)候來就什么時(shí)候來。 二、whatever, however 等-ever詞用法說明 這些詞的用法應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn): (1) 它們均可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“無論…”: Whatever you say, I believe you. 無論你說什么,我都相信你。 Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是誰打電話,都說我出去了。 Whichever day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you. 無論你哪天來,我都?xì)g迎。 Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么時(shí)候來,我們都?xì)g迎。 Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里,我也去。 (2) 它們引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),通??蓳Q成no matter…,如說: No matter what you say, I believe you. 無論你說什么,我都相信你。 No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么時(shí)候來,我們都?xì)g迎。 No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 無論他吃多少, 他都不發(fā)胖。 (3) 注意however以下兩類句型結(jié)構(gòu): ① however+主語+謂語: However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days. 不管你怎么走,至少要三天。 However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么來,一定要早來。 ② however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語: However much he eats, he never gets fat. 無論他吃多少, 他都不發(fā)胖。 However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷,她都會(huì)去游泳。 有時(shí)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語和謂語可以有所省略: He was of some help, however small. 他總能幫些忙,不管多小的忙。 I refuse, however favorable the condition. 不管條件多好,我都不接受。 (4) 有時(shí)從句謂語可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: I’ll find him, wherever he is [may be]. 無論他在哪里,我都要找到他。 Keep calm, whatever happens [may happen]. 無論發(fā)生什么事都要保持冷靜。 (5) whenever有時(shí)可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,wherever 有時(shí)可引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句: Whenever we see him we speak to him. 每次見到他,我們都和他說話。 They teach wherever their pupils are working. 學(xué)生在哪里工作,教師們就在哪里上課。 三、讓步狀語從句與倒裝 引導(dǎo)倒裝的讓步狀語從句通常用as和though,但不是能用although: Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我雖窮,但這東西還是買得起的。 Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎,但我不能住在那里。 【注】as 可以在以上這樣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中引出讓步狀語,但若不倒裝,則不能用as,而與之相反,although在不倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)中可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語,但在倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)中卻不可以用。 英語語法詳解:原因狀語從句(四大點(diǎn)) 一、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞 主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)等: The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不得法而縮水。 I can’t get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面聲音嘈雜我睡不著。 Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我們沒錢,我們無法購買它。 Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外邊在下雨,我們最好待在室內(nèi)。 Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然來了,最好還是留下吧(既來之,則安之)。 【注】除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外,when有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句(when表示“既然”): I can’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想聽,我就不告訴你了。 二、關(guān)于 not…because 結(jié)構(gòu) 該結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞有時(shí)否定主句,有時(shí)否定從句,一般要根據(jù)句子的意思作出正確或合乎邏輯的理解。若not否定主句,最好在because之前用逗號(hào),否則會(huì)引起歧義,如下句在沒有特定上下文時(shí)就有兩種解釋: I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我沒有去是因?yàn)榕隆?/font>/ 我不是因?yàn)榕虏湃ァ?/span> 不過若because之前有just修飾,一般認(rèn)為not 是否定從句的: You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因?yàn)橛腥苏f你壞話而生氣。 三、because 習(xí)慣上不與 so 連用 漢語習(xí)慣上說“因?yàn)?/font>…所以…”,但英語習(xí)慣上卻不能將 so 與 because 連用: 因?yàn)橄掠?,所以我們呆在家里?/span> 正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home. 誤:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. 四、because 從句與 because of 短語的轉(zhuǎn)換 Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句有時(shí)可與because of 短語轉(zhuǎn)換: He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能來。 I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因?yàn)樗拮釉谀莾?,我對此事只字未?/span> 英語語法詳解:結(jié)果狀語從句(五個(gè)方面) 一、引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞 主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等: He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他學(xué)習(xí)用功,所以考試通過了。 He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他氣得話都說不出來。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗子用力很大,結(jié)果玻璃震破了。 【注】so…that和such…that中的that有時(shí)(尤其在口語中)可省略: I am so busy I have no time to write a letter. 我很忙,連寫信的時(shí)間都沒有。 There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldn’t go out. 雨那么大,我們沒法出去。 二、so…that 與 such…that 的用法比較 從用法上看,so后應(yīng)接形容詞或副詞,而such后接名詞(參見以上例句)。但有時(shí)“so+形容詞”后還可接一個(gè)名詞,且這個(gè)名詞總是帶不定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(不能是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞): 正:He is so clever a child that we all like him. 這小孩很聰明,我們都喜歡他。 正:They are such clever children that we all like them. 這些孩子很聰明,我們都很喜歡。 誤:They are so clever children that we all like them. 此時(shí)的so…that結(jié)構(gòu)可與such…that結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換: It’s such an interesting film that we all want to see it. 這電影很有趣,我們都想看。 It’s so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 這電影很有趣,我們都想看。 【注】在much, many, little, few 這四個(gè)詞前總是用so而不用such: He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了許多跤,結(jié)果全身都是傷。 He earns so little money that he can hardly feed his family. 他賺的錢很少幾乎不能養(yǎng)家糊口。 三、結(jié)果狀語從句與不定式短語的轉(zhuǎn)換 由so that和so…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句有時(shí)可與表結(jié)果的so as to和so…as to引出的不定式短語轉(zhuǎn)換: He arrived late so that he missed the train. / He arrived late so as to miss the train. 他到得很遲,結(jié)果未趕上火車。 He wrote so carefully that he made no mistakes. / He wrote so carefully as to make no mistakes. 他 四、so that引導(dǎo)目狀語和結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別 (1)含義上的區(qū)別:引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)表示的是一種意欲或可能性,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果從句時(shí)表示的是一種事實(shí)。 (2) 形式上的區(qū)別:引導(dǎo)目的從句之前不用逗號(hào)(說話時(shí)也不停頓),而結(jié)果從句之前則通常有逗號(hào)(說話時(shí)常有停頓);有時(shí)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)其前也可以沒有逗號(hào),此時(shí)可看從句中是否有 can / could, may / might, will /would 以及should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如果沒有,則多半是結(jié)果從句。比較: We’ve come early so that the meeting can begin promptly. 我們來得很早,以便可以馬上開會(huì)。(so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句) We are all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我們現(xiàn)在都到齊了,終于能開會(huì)了。 (so that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句) I am going to the lecture early so that I’ll get a good seat. 我想早點(diǎn)去聽演講,以便找個(gè)好座位。(so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句) I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去聽演講去得很早,所以找個(gè)好座位。(so that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句) 另外,so that引導(dǎo)目的從句時(shí)有時(shí)可放在主句之前,而引導(dǎo)結(jié)果從句時(shí)卻不能: 正:So that he could buy a new car, he saved a lot of money. 他節(jié)省了一大筆錢,以便能買輛新車。(引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句) 誤:So that I could hardly stand, I was tired.(引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句不能置于句首,可改為I was tired so that I could hardly stand. 我很累,幾乎站不穩(wěn)了。) 五、so…that和such…that有時(shí)不引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語句 so…that和such…that可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,但并不是說它們引導(dǎo)的從句就一定是結(jié)果狀語。請看以下句子: I’m so happy that you could visit us. 我很高興你能來看望我們。(其中的so用于加強(qiáng)語氣,相當(dāng)于very) It’s such a great pleasure that you are here. 你在這里是非常令人高興的事。(其中的that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句,句首的it為形式主語)
英語語法詳解:目的狀語從句(三個(gè)方面) ■引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞 主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等: Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 講清楚些,以便他們能理解你。 He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí)以便能考試及格。 Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子關(guān)上以防下雨。 【注】so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)有時(shí)可省略so而只用that,有時(shí)也可只用so: Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。 I’ll show you so you can see how it’s done. 我將做給你看,以便你知道應(yīng)怎樣干。 ■目的狀語從句與狀語短語的轉(zhuǎn)換 為了簡潔起見,當(dāng)目的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同時(shí),目的狀語從句有時(shí)可用表目的的不定式短語替換: He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. / He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他起床很早以便趕上早班車。 He came in quietly in order that he shouldn’t wake his wife. / He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他輕輕進(jìn)來,以免把他妻子吵醒。 有時(shí)還可與表示目的的介詞短語替換(from www.yygrammar.com): He left an hour early for fear he might miss the train. / He left an hour early for fear of missing the train. 他提前一小時(shí)離開,以免錯(cuò)過火車。 ■一點(diǎn)注意 in case既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,主要視句意而定: In case he comes, let me know. 如果他來,告訴我一聲。 Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困難請告訴我。 【注】in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,從句有時(shí)可用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的形式: Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 帶著雨衣以防下雨。
英語語法詳解:條件狀語從句 ■引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞 主要的有if, unless, as [so] long as等: You can leave now if you like. 如果你愿意現(xiàn)在就可以走了。 As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我們就可以去。 【注】除以上基本的引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞外,還有的動(dòng)詞尤其是其分詞形式(如suppose, supposing, provided, providing等)和介詞短語(如in case, on condition that等)也可用作連詞表示條件: In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記,請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌隆?/span> I will come on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀請她來, 那我就來。 He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives in time. 他若及時(shí)到,就可以和我們一起走。 Suppose 和supposing 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí),通常用于主句為疑問句的場合: Suppose the boss saw you,what would he say? 如果老板看到你,他會(huì)怎樣說? Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him? 他若不來,是不是不帶他去? ■條件狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài) 當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來意時(shí),條件狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義,而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài): 英語語法詳解:時(shí)間狀語從句 ■引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞很多,如較基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等: Things were different when I was a child. 我小時(shí)候情況與現(xiàn)在不同。 We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。 It’s a long time since I met you last. 從上次見到你,已有很長時(shí)間了。 He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著一直到她準(zhǔn)備離開。 除以上基本的引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞外,還有些本來不是從屬連詞卻可用作從屬連詞的詞: (1) 表示“一…就”的從屬連詞:the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, on Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一來我就把消息告訴了他。 The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道沒希望了。 We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我們剛出發(fā)就下雨了。 On (2) 涉及time的幾個(gè)從屬連詞:every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(隨時(shí)),the last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如: Every time I see her I’ll think of it. 每次我看到她,我就想起這事。 He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話,他都感到緊張。 He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次見到他時(shí)他沒告訴我。 ■與時(shí)間狀語從句有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)問題 關(guān)于這個(gè)問題有兩點(diǎn)值得注意: (1) 當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來意義時(shí),時(shí)間狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義,而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài): Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。 I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一來我就告訴他。 (2) 與since 從句搭配的主句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài): He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以來,他就一直住在這兒。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去了? 【注】在特定的語言環(huán)境中有時(shí)也可能用過去完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見面了。 Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。 【注】有時(shí)也可見到 if you will 這樣的說法,但那不是將來時(shí)態(tài),而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(此處的 will是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞): If you will wait for a moment, I’ll go and tell the manager that you are here. 請等一下,我去告訴經(jīng)理說你來了。
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