本期編輯/開鴻順

庭院深深，深幾許。在我們中國的庭院里，進(jìn)入大門，先看到的就是迎門墻。

The courtyard is deep. In our Chinese courtyard, the first thing you see when you enter the gate is the wall facing the gate.

迎門墻的起源和說法、作用不一，直白點(diǎn)是讓內(nèi)院不至于讓外人一覽無余，另外也符合中國古代的朦朧美的概念，另外還有就是風(fēng)水學(xué)中，大門乃“氣”之入口，是家財(cái)、人丁興旺之根本，迎門墻可聚斂這種“氣”，使“氣”內(nèi)斂。

The origin, statement and function of the Yingmen Wall are different. The straight white point is to keep the inner courtyard from being seen by outsiders. It also conforms to the concept of hazy beauty in ancient China. In addition, in Fengshui, the gate is the entrance of "Qi", which is the basis of wealth and prosperity. The Yingmen Wall can gather this "Qi" and make "Qi" restrained.

所以說，影門墻可以起到一定的間隔，正房門與大門隔離屏障，一般古典庭院和農(nóng)村正式建筑、套院都有這樣的建筑墻。影門墻上面有的是圖畫，一般寓意都是積極向上之類的，帶對(duì)聯(lián)的也是如此。因此，影門墻是中國古典建筑的標(biāo)志性建筑之一。

Therefore, the shadow gate wall can play a certain interval. The main house door and the gate are isolated. Generally, classical courtyards, formal buildings in rural areas and courtyard suites have such walls. There are many pictures on the wall of the Shadow Gate, which are generally positive, and so are those with couplets. Therefore, the Shadow Gate Wall is one of the landmarks of Chinese classical architecture.

而禍起蕭墻指的是：蕭墻——古代宮室內(nèi)當(dāng)門的小墻，指禍亂發(fā)生在家里，比喻內(nèi)部發(fā)生禍亂、內(nèi)訌行為的地方。

The wall of trouble refers to: Xiaoqiang, the small wall in the ancient palace, refers to the place where trouble occurs at home, which is a metaphor for the place where trouble and internal strife occur.

在《論語·季氏》中記載曰：“吾恐季孫之憂，不在顓臾，而在蕭墻之內(nèi)也”。

It is recorded in The Analects of Confucius, Ji Shi: "I am afraid that Ji Sun's worries are not in Zhuan Yi, but in Xiao Qiang.".

這就是，禍起蕭墻典故之出處，講解的是孔子與季家兄弟的故事，故事的內(nèi)容大概如下——

This is the source of the allusion, which explains the story of Confucius and the Ji brothers. The content of the story is as follows——

原文如下：“今由與求也，相夫子，遠(yuǎn)人不服而不能來也；邦分崩離析而不能守也；而謀動(dòng)干戈于邦內(nèi),吾恐季孫之憂，不在顓臾，而在蕭墻之內(nèi)也。”

The original text is as follows: "Today, we are in harmony with Qiuye. Master Xiang, a distant man cannot come here because he is not convinced. The country is broken up and cannot defend it. But we are planning to fight in the country. I am afraid that Ji Sun's worries are not in Zhuan Yi, but in Xiaoqiang."

說的是：春秋末年，魯國的政權(quán)掌握在孟孫氏、叔孫氏和季孫氏三家大夫之手，顓臾是魯國的附屬國，靠近季孫氏的封邑。季孫氏是公族中最有權(quán)勢(shì)的，他害怕魯哀公借助顓臾人的力量奪回權(quán)力，于是決定派兵攻打顓臾。在即將要攻打附庸國顓臾的時(shí)候，意見出現(xiàn)分歧。于是冉有、子路兩人參見孔子，說道：“季氏將對(duì)顓臾使用武力”。

It is said that in the late Spring and Autumn Period, the political power of the State of Lu was controlled by three officials, namely, the Mensun family, the Shusun family and the Jisun family. Zhuanxi was a subsidiary state of the State of Lu, close to the capital granted by the Jisun family...

孔子說：“冉求！這難道不應(yīng)該責(zé)備你嗎？先王曾經(jīng)任命顓臾主持東蒙山的祭祀，而且它處在我們魯國的疆域之中，這正是跟魯國共安危的藩屬，為什么要去攻打它呢”？冉有說：“那個(gè)季孫要這么干，我們兩人都不想呢”。

Confucius said, "Ran Qiu! Shouldn't you be blamed? The former king once appointed Zhuan Yi to preside over the sacrifice of Dongmeng Mountain, and it is located in the territory of the State of Lu. It is a vassal who shares security with the State of Lu. Why should we attack it?"? Ran You said, "We both didn't want Sun to do that that season.".

孔子說：“冉求！賢人周任有句話說：“能夠施展自己的力量就任職；如果不行，就該辭職。比如瞎子遇到危險(xiǎn)，不去扶持；將要摔倒了，不去攙扶，那又何必用助手呢？況且你的話錯(cuò)了。老虎犀牛從柵欄里逃了出來，龜殼美玉在匣子里毀壞了，這應(yīng)責(zé)備誰呢”？冉有說：“顓臾，固若金湯城墻堅(jiān)固，而且離季孫的采邑費(fèi)地很近。

Confucius said, "Ran Qiu! A wise man named Zhou Ren said," If you can exert your strength, you can serve; if you can't, you should resign. For example, if the blind man is in danger, he will not support him; if he is going to fall down, he will not help him. Why use an assistant? Besides, your words are wrong. 

現(xiàn)在如不把它占領(lǐng)，日后一定會(huì)給子孫留下禍害?！笨鬃诱f：“冉求！君子討厭那種避而不說，自己貪心卻一定另找借口的態(tài)度。我聽說過：無論是有國的諸侯或者有封地的大夫，不必?fù)?dān)心財(cái)富不多，只需擔(dān)心財(cái)富不均；不必?fù)?dān)心人民太少，只需擔(dān)心不安定。若是財(cái)富平均，便沒有貧窮；和平相處，便不會(huì)人少；安定，便不會(huì)傾危。

If we do not occupy it now, we will surely leave disaster to our descendants in the future. " Confucius said: "Ran Qiu! A gentleman hates the attitude that he avoids saying, but he is greedy but must find another excuse. I have heard that whether he is a vassal or a feudal official, he does not need to worry about wealth, but only about wealth inequality...

做到這樣，遠(yuǎn)方的人還不歸服，便發(fā)揚(yáng)文治教化招致他們。他們來了，就得使他們安心。如今你們倆輔佐季孫，遠(yuǎn)方的人不歸服，卻不能用文治教化招致；國家支離破碎，卻不能保全；反而想在國境以內(nèi)使用武力?？峙率羌緦O的憂愁不在顓臾（一個(gè)邊區(qū)的小國家），而是在蕭墻之內(nèi)??！在季家自己兄弟之間也！”孔子說這個(gè)話不久。

In this way, people from far away will not surrender, and they will carry forward the culture and education to attract them. When they come, they must be reassured. Now you two are assisting Ji Sun. If people from afar don't surrender, they can't be induced by culture and education.

后來季家兄弟仍然聽而不聞，置之不理，依然我行我素，各持己見。果然發(fā)生到瀕臨滅亡的窘境。所以后來，人們就把內(nèi)部發(fā)生禍亂的現(xiàn)象、行為，用“禍起蕭墻”這句話來形容。

Later, the Ji brothers still ignored and ignored them. They still went their own way. As expected, it was on the verge of extinction. So later, people described the phenomenon and behavior of internal disasters with the phrase "disasters rise and walls fall".

后來在《后漢書》中就引用了這一典故：“此皆釁發(fā)蕭墻，而禍延四海也?！边@里的“蕭墻”就是影壁或迎門墻，南方人稱為“照壁”，在北方稱之為"迎門墻"。　

Later, this allusion was quoted in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "This is all a provocation against Xiao Qiang, and the disaster extends all over the world." Here, the "Xiao Qiang" is the screen wall or Yingmen wall, which is called the "screen wall" in the south and the "Yingmen wall" in the north.

追溯源頭，影壁由來已久，古時(shí)候人們認(rèn)為自己的宅院中，會(huì)不斷有陰氣來往走過。如若這魂魄是自己已故先人，那是被允許的，但是如果是孤魂野鬼，混進(jìn)宅院，就要給自己帶來災(zāi)禍。所以在影壁上掛上鏡子，鬼魂看到自己的影子，會(huì)被嚇走（也稱照妖鏡）?！?/span>

Tracing back to the source, the screen wall has a long history. In ancient times, people believed that there would be a constant flow of Yin Qi in their homes. If the soul is his deceased ancestors, it is allowed, but if he is an orphan and sneaks into the house, he will bring disaster to himself. 

當(dāng)然，影壁也有其功能上的作用，那就是遮擋住外人的視線，即使大門敞開，外人也看不到宅內(nèi)。另外，影壁還可以烘托氣氛，增加住宅氣勢(shì)，更顯內(nèi)院幽雅靜謐的氣息。

Of course, the screen wall also has its functional role, which is to block the view of outsiders. Even if the door is open, outsiders can not see the house. In addition, the screen wall can also set off the atmosphere, increase the momentum of the house, and show the elegant and quiet atmosphere of the inner courtyard.

那么，影壁（迎門墻）建多高好呢？經(jīng)小編細(xì)翻古建書籍得出：應(yīng)該是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)身高的人，站到你的大門外邊平視，且看不到墻后的東西為原則；一般為兩米左右，這取決于你的大門和影門墻的距離、高度，既要整體效果和諧，又要有美的視覺。

So, how high should the screen wall (wall facing the door) be built? It is concluded through careful reading of ancient architecture books that you should be a man of standard height, stand outside your door and look at it face to face, without seeing anything behind the wall; Generally, it is about two meters, which depends on the distance and height between your gate and the shadow gate wall. 

后來，人們用這一典故，就表示內(nèi)部禍亂之意，《后漢書》中就引用了這一典故：“此皆釁發(fā)蕭墻，而禍延四海也。”

Later, people used this allusion to express the meaning of internal chaos, which was quoted in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "This is all a provocation against the wall, and the disaster extends all over the world."

蕭墻，是古代國君宮室大門內(nèi)(有人說是大門外)面對(duì)大門的門屏，又稱“塞門”、“屏”，和后代民居大門的照壁有點(diǎn)相似。

Xiaoqiang is a screen facing the gate inside the gate of the ancient imperial palace (some people say it is the main gate), also known as the "gate" or "screen", which is somewhat similar to the screen wall of the gate of the folk houses of later generations.

在古代蕭墻的作用，也是遮擋外來人的視線，防止外人向大門內(nèi)窺視，臣子要到宮室里晉見君王，進(jìn)宮室首先要經(jīng)過蕭墻。所以蕭墻之內(nèi)也可以說，就是宮內(nèi)。

In ancient times, the role of Xiao Wall was also to block the vision of outsiders and prevent outsiders from peeping into the gate. When courtiers wanted to meet the king in the palace, they had to pass Xiao Wall first. Therefore, it can also be said that inside the Xiaoqiang is the palace.

禍起蕭墻，蕭墻就是內(nèi)墻，表明引起禍?zhǔn)碌母矗皇峭獠恳蛩囟莾?nèi)在分歧、內(nèi)訌——禍起蕭墻可破金湯（固若金湯）也。

A wall of woes is an internal wall, which shows that the root cause of disasters is not external factors but internal differences and internal strife - a wall of woes can break the golden soup.

所以和諧相處，和諧社會(huì)，以人為本，穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，公平公正的以仁孝治國安邦，才是最重要的。

Therefore, harmonious coexistence, harmonious society, people-oriented, stable development, fair and just governance with benevolence and filial piety is the most important.