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腋窩淋巴結(jié)和乳房?jī)?nèi)側(cè)淋巴結(jié)(內(nèi)乳淋巴結(jié))作為乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)引流的前哨陣地,其轉(zhuǎn)移狀態(tài)評(píng)定對(duì)于淋巴結(jié)引流區(qū)域分期和治療選擇均有重要意義。通過腋窩前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢,早期乳腺癌患者的腋窩淋巴結(jié)狀態(tài)已經(jīng)得到充分評(píng)定。對(duì)于術(shù)前全身新輔助治療患者,淋巴結(jié)病理完全緩解被定義為腋窩淋巴結(jié)不存在癌轉(zhuǎn)移,并且已被證實(shí)與生存結(jié)局改善存在相關(guān)性。不過,僅僅根據(jù)腋窩淋巴結(jié)狀態(tài),可能無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)的淋巴結(jié)引流區(qū)域分期和淋巴結(jié)病理完全緩解診斷,可能導(dǎo)致分期偏低和治療不足或過度。內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢為評(píng)定內(nèi)乳淋巴結(jié)提供了比手術(shù)切除創(chuàng)傷較少的方法,并且可能影響淋巴結(jié)引流區(qū)域和全身治療的決策??墒牵捎谂R床意義不明確,常規(guī)開展內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢仍然存在爭(zhēng)議。目前,現(xiàn)有指南未對(duì)內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢指征進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。臨床工作或研究仍然參考腋窩前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢指征,僅對(duì)術(shù)前未接受全身新輔助治療的臨床腋窩淋巴結(jié)陰性患者進(jìn)行內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)乳淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移比例僅8%~15%,并且對(duì)于治療策略的影響微乎其微。既往乳房擴(kuò)大根治切除術(shù)研究表明,腋窩淋巴結(jié)陽(yáng)性患者的內(nèi)乳淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移比例達(dá)28%~52%,而腋窩淋巴結(jié)陰性患者的內(nèi)乳淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移比例僅5%~17%。因此,對(duì)于臨床腋窩淋巴結(jié)陽(yáng)性患者,可能通常需要調(diào)整淋巴結(jié)引流區(qū)域分期、淋巴結(jié)病理完全緩解診斷和治療策略,可能真正受益于內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢。 2019年8月12日,美國(guó)乳腺外科醫(yī)師學(xué)會(huì)和美國(guó)腫瘤外科學(xué)會(huì)《腫瘤外科學(xué)報(bào)》在線發(fā)表山東第一醫(yī)科大學(xué)(山東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院)山東大學(xué)附屬山東省腫瘤醫(yī)院(山東省腫瘤防治研究院)王永勝等學(xué)者的研究報(bào)告,分析了臨床腋窩淋巴結(jié)陽(yáng)性乳腺癌患者內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢的內(nèi)乳淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移比例,及其對(duì)淋巴結(jié)分期、淋巴結(jié)病理完全緩解診斷、全身或局部區(qū)域治療策略的影響。 該單中心前瞻研究于2014年2月~2018年7月入組臨床腋窩淋巴結(jié)陽(yáng)性乳腺癌患者352例進(jìn)行內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢。通過卡方檢驗(yàn)、非參數(shù)秩次之和檢驗(yàn)、邏輯回歸模型進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,差異顯著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為P<0.05。 結(jié)果,先手術(shù)后化療、先化療后手術(shù)患者分別為171例、181例,其中:
內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢成功患者共計(jì)183例、內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)可見共計(jì)347枚,每例患者耗時(shí)平均7分鐘(4~28分鐘)、可見內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)中位2枚(1~7枚)。內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移共計(jì)87枚,主要集中于第二、第三肋間隙(50.6%、34.5%)。183例內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢成功患者均獲得更精準(zhǔn)的淋巴結(jié)分期,其中57例分期提高,可能促使治療策略進(jìn)行調(diào)整。 因此,該單中心前瞻研究結(jié)果表明,臨床腋窩淋巴結(jié)陽(yáng)性患者應(yīng)該常規(guī)進(jìn)行內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢,從而獲得更精準(zhǔn)的淋巴結(jié)分期和更完美的病理完全緩解診斷。通過內(nèi)乳前哨淋巴結(jié)活檢確定內(nèi)乳淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,可能對(duì)治療策略產(chǎn)生重大影響。 相關(guān)閱讀 Ann Surg Oncol. 2019 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print] Internal Mammary Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Clinically Axillary Lymph Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Diagnosis and Implications for Patient Management. Peng-Fei Qiu, Rong-Rong Zhao, Wei Wang, Xiao Sun, Peng Chen, Yan-Bing Liu, Zhi-Guo Liu, Yong-Sheng Wang. Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China. BACKGROUND: Routine performance of internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) remains a subject of debate due to no clinical relevance in breast cancer, because it was performed only in clinically axillary lymph node (ALN)-negative patients. In this study, IM-SLNB was performed in clinically ALN-positive patients, and its impact on nodal staging and therapeutic strategy were subsequently analyzed. METHODS: Clinically ALN-positive patients who underwent IM-SLNB were enrolled in this prospective study. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U and logistic regression models with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Among the 352 recruited patients, the internal mammary sentinel lymph node (IMSLN) visualization rate of patients who received initial surgery and neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) was 71.9% (123/171) and 33.1% (60/181), respectively. The 183 patients who underwent IM-SLNB successfully had the average time duration of 7 min and the median IMSLN number of 2. There were 87 positive IMSLNs in all the 347 removed IMSLNs, which were mainly concentrated in the second (50.6%) and third (34.5%) intercostal space. The IMSLN metastasis rate was 39.8% (initial surgery) and 13.3% (NST), respectively. All of the 183 IM-SLNB patients received more accurate nodal staging, 57 of whom had stage elevated, which might have prompted modifications to the therapeutic strategy. CONCLUSIONS: IM-SLNB should be routinely performed in clinically ALN-positive patients, and thus more accurate nodal staging and perfect pathologic complete response definition could be put forward. The identification of IMLN metastases by IM-SLNB might potentially influence therapeutic strategies. DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07705-0 |
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