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一、時態(tài)的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，若主句為過去時態(tài)，變?yōu)殚g接引語的賓語從句通常要將時態(tài)往后推一個，即一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時，一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時，現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時，一般過去時也變?yōu)檫^去完成時，等等。另外，若直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞can, may等，也應變成過去式could, might等。如： “I like to watch TV,” she said. 她說：“我喜歡看電視?！?/p> →She said that she liked to watch TV. 她說她喜歡看電視。 He said, “I’m waiting for her.” 他說：“我在等她?！?/p> →He said that he was waiting for her. 他說他在等她。 “It will rain soon,” he said. 他說：“很快就會下雨?！?/p> →He said that it would rain soon. 他說很快就會下雨。 “She can swim,” he said. 他說：“她會游泳?！?/p> →He said that she could swim. 他說她會游泳。 注意： 若直接引語為客觀真理，則變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變： The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.” 老師說：“地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。” →The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 有時由于直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)也可不變： He said, “ was born in 1954.” 他說：“我是1954年生的。” →He said that he was born in 1954. 他說他是1954年生的。 二、時間狀語的變化直接引語變間接引語時，有些時間狀語根據(jù)情況也要相應的改動：如將now改為then，將today 改為that day，將tonight改為that night，將yesterday改為the day before，將this month改為that month，將last week改為the week before，將three years ago改為three years before，將tomorrow改為the next day，將next year改為the next year，等等。如： He said, “I’m very busy now.” 他說：“我現(xiàn)在很忙?！?/p> →He said that he was very busy then. 他說他當時很忙。 He said, “I want to leave today.” 他說：“他想今天離開?！?/p> →He said that he wanted to leave that day. 他說他想那天就離開。 He said, “She left yesterday.” 他說：“她昨天離開了?！?/p> →He said that she had left the day before. 他說她前一天就離開了。 She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.” 她說：“我明天告訴你?！?/p> →She said that she would tell me the next day. 她說她第二天告訴我。 以上變化有時應視情況而定，若在當時轉(zhuǎn)述，now不必改為then;若在當天轉(zhuǎn)述，today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改為that day, the day before, the next day等;若在當周轉(zhuǎn)述，this week, last week 不必改為that week, the last week;若在當年轉(zhuǎn)述，this year, last year 不必改為that year, the last year等。 三、代詞的變化在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，有些代詞也要作相應的變化，如指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those。同時人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等也要根據(jù)具體情況作出合理的調(diào)整。如： He said, “ this is the best.” 他說：“我認為這是最好的?！?/p> →He said that he thought that was the best. 他說他認為那是最好的。 “I’ll send you a card, Sue,” Ann said. “休，我將給你寄一張明信片，”安說。 →Ann told Sue she’d send her a card. 安告訴休她將給她寄一張明信片。 注：若場所和地點不發(fā)生改變，this和that也可以不變。 四、地點狀語的變化主要涉及的地點狀語是here，它在間接引語中通常要變?yōu)閠here。如： “I’ve live here for 10 years,” he said. 他說：“我在這兒已住了10年?！?/p> →He said that he had lived there for 10 years. 他說他在那兒住了10年。 注：若在當?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，則here也可不必改為there。 五、動詞的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，有個別動詞也可能需要改變，如come改為go，bring改為take等。如： “He will come today.” she said. 她說：“他今天會來?！?/p> →She said that he would go that day. 她說他那天會去。 注：若地點和場所未發(fā)生改變，come和bring等也可不變。 六、詞序的變化對于直接引語為疑問句的情形，由于變?yōu)殚g接引語后“疑問句”變成了賓語從句，所以要注意將疑問句詞序改為陳述句詞序。如： “Do you know this man?” he asked. “你認識這個人嗎?”他問。 →He asked if I knew that man. 他問我是否認識那個人。 “Is anyone late for class?” he asked. 他問道：“上課有人遲到嗎?” →He asked if anyone was late for class. 他問上課是否有人遲到。 “What do you do in the evening?” he asked “你一般晚上做什么?”他問。 →He asks what I did in the evening. 他問我晚上一般干什么。 七、句式的變化有時由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，其句式也要發(fā)生變化。如當直接引語為祈使句時，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常應將祈使句改用ask sb to do sth句式。如： “Come early tomorrow, Jim,” he said. 他說：“吉姆，明天早點來?！?/p> →He told Jim to come early the next day. 他叫吉姆第二天早點來。 He said, “Don’t open the door.” 他說：“別開門。” He told me not to open the door. 他叫我別開門。 注： 除動詞 ask, tell, order 外，有時也可能用其他動詞。如： “Remember to switch off all the lights,” she said. 她說：“記著把所有的燈關(guān)掉?！?/p> She reminded me to switch off all the lights. 她提醒我把所有的燈關(guān)掉。 若祈使句中沒有呼語，應根據(jù)句意給動詞 ask, tell, order 等補上適當?shù)馁e語。如： “Be quiet, Tom,” the teacher said. “湯姆，安靜點，”老師說。 The teacher told Tom to be quiet. 老師叫湯姆安靜。
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