1、運(yùn)用情況口訣：
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主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)不知道，說出主語(yǔ)沒必要； 賓語(yǔ)部分要強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就用到。 |
2、構(gòu)成: be done
一語(yǔ)道破：時(shí)態(tài)完全由be來決定，done為不變量。
1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)…is／am／are done…
2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)…is／am／are being done…
3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)…has／have been done…
4）一般過去時(shí)…was／were done…
5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)…was／were being done…
6）過去完成時(shí)…had been done…
7）一般將來時(shí)…be going to/will／shall be done…
8）過去將來時(shí)…would be done…
9）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 …can/may/must be done…
10）感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞 make/let/see/watch/notice/hear sb. do
sb be made/let/watched/noticed/heard to do
3、雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： give/teach/show/lend sb. sth. ; buy/make sb. sth.
sb. be given/taught/showed/lent sth. by…
sth. be given/taught/showed/lent to sb. by
sb. be bought/made sth. by…
sth. be bought/made for sb. by…
4、by被替代的情況
be acquainted/covered/equipped/pleased/satisfied/crowded/filled with …
be amazed/astonished/startled/surprised/shocked/disappointed/frightened at…
be dressed/interested/absorbed/engaged in…
be accustomed/used/devoted/known/married/obliged/engaged to …
注意: 1、be engaged in sth\doing sth. 從事于；be engaged to 與…訂婚
2、被動(dòng)式+with+工具；被動(dòng)式+by+動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。例如：
Bill was killed by the man.
Bill was killed with a gun.
The table was covered by Mr. Wang with a piece of cloth.
5、使役和感官動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加"to"。
The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老師逼我走出教室。
I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.
We saw him play football on the playground. 我們看見他在草場(chǎng)踢球。
He was seen to play football on the playground.
6、當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可用不帶to 的不定式。例如：
They let the strange go.他們放陌生人走了。
The strange was let go.
7、“連根拔起”：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。
例如：
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。
Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞所未聞。
8、表示"據(jù)說"或"相信" 的詞組，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。記住下列句型：
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It is believed/expected/reported/said/suggested/thought/acknowledged that…… It is said that… 據(jù)說 It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that… 大家相信 It is hoped that… 大家希望 It is well known that… 眾所周知 It is thought that… 大家認(rèn)為 It is suggested that… 據(jù)建議 It is taken granted that… 被視為當(dāng)然 It has been decided that… 大家決定 It must be remembered that… 務(wù)必記住的是 |
1). 要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就必須記住只有及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)才能有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)橹挥兴鼈儾庞匈e語(yǔ)。所以務(wù)必注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的；特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。如appear, die，disappear, end（vi. 結(jié)束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
比較：rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。
The price has been risen. （錯(cuò)）
The price has risen. （對(duì)）
The accident was happened last week. （錯(cuò)）
The accident happened last week. （對(duì)）
The price has raised. （錯(cuò)）
The price has been raised. （對(duì)）
Please seat. （錯(cuò)）
Please be seated. （對(duì)）
2). 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：
This key just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。
Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你說的與我們聽說的一致。
3). 系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：
It sounds good. 聽上去不錯(cuò)。
This kind of cloth feels soft.
4). 帶同源賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：
She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了個(gè)惡夢(mèng)。
We live a happy life.
He died a great death.
1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：
The book sells well. 這本書銷路好。
This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。
2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：
I was to blame for the accident. 事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責(zé)。
Much work remains. 還有許多活要干。
3）在need, require, want, worth （形容詞）, deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。例如：
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 門該修了。
This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。
4）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood （使別人能聽見/理解自己）等。例如：
Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。
8、被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如：
He is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。
注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：
He married a rich girl. 他與一個(gè)富妞結(jié)婚了。
He got married to a rich girl.
下列雖是被動(dòng)形式，但沒有被動(dòng)意思：
be used to sth/doing sth. 習(xí)慣于
be accustomed to sth./doing sth.
be devoted to sth/doing sth. 獻(xiàn)身于
be absorbed in sth/doing sth. 專心于
be acquainted with sb.\sth 熟悉
be opposed to sth/doing sth. 反對(duì)
be made up of sth. 由……組成
be wounded 受傷
be located 位于
be accustomed to sth/doing sth. 習(xí)慣于
be dedicated to sth/doing sth. 致力于
be engaged in sth/doing sth. 從事于
be concerned about sth/sb. 關(guān)心
be supposed to do sth. 應(yīng)該
be seated 就座
be dressed 穿著
be inclined to do sth. 傾向于
9、need/want/require/worth doing sth.
當(dāng)need, want, require, be worth后面接doing時(shí), 表示的是被動(dòng)意義。例如：
Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。
