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高考寫作五字訣

 細(xì)雨留花 2009-04-12
高考英語(yǔ)寫作對(duì)于每一個(gè)即將面臨高考的同學(xué)來(lái)講是既關(guān)鍵而又陌生的一個(gè)版塊。關(guān)鍵是因?yàn)樗鼉r(jià)值三十分,陌生是因?yàn)榇蠹也挥勺灾鞯暮鲆暋?#8220;振臂高呼彪悍的語(yǔ)法詞匯和閱讀完型是我們?nèi)俚姆▽殻?#8221;。 殊不知寫作同樣需要你的關(guān)注。每次的寫作練習(xí)僅僅是限于大大小小的各種考試,考場(chǎng)上利用最后不到二十分鐘的時(shí)間奮筆疾書,然后就被稱作“我的寫作練習(xí)”。拿到試卷后,對(duì)于寫作一掃而過(guò),沒(méi)有修改,沒(méi)有分析。對(duì)此,作為一名主講高考寫作的老師,我想說(shuō)“三十分,我們絕不放過(guò)你!” 怎樣做才能順利拿下高考的壓軸大題呢。且聽(tīng)我的高考英語(yǔ)寫作五字訣,我將從高考英語(yǔ)高分作文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和突破方式上給大家進(jìn)行分析。
高考英語(yǔ)寫作五字訣分別是“細(xì)Carefulness,變 Variety, 順 Cohesion,背 Recitation,練 Practice”。 細(xì)、變、順是高分作文標(biāo)準(zhǔn),背、練是途徑。
所謂細(xì),包括三點(diǎn):①卷面之細(xì),②標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用之細(xì),③內(nèi)容不能缺失之細(xì)。這幾點(diǎn)只要細(xì)心是很好做到的。就說(shuō)卷面,這是閱卷老師對(duì)你的first impression, 要是第一印象沒(méi)有樹(shù)立好,吃虧是必然。至于卷面要達(dá)到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),兩個(gè)詞“Clean and Clear”。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),中英文使用的不同處有五:逗號(hào),分號(hào),書名號(hào),破折號(hào)和省略號(hào)。同學(xué)們應(yīng)該分別了解其在英文中的用法,比如同學(xué)們最易犯的錯(cuò)誤是,逗號(hào)連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子, 例如:Xi’an is my hometown, it is the capital city of 13 dynasties.(逗號(hào)使用錯(cuò)誤)
所謂變,對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是最難做到的一點(diǎn)。要求①詞匯使用的變化,②句式使用的變化以及③時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。為什么要變化呢,因?yàn)樵诟呖级潭痰?0—120詞里,要讓閱卷老師把你挑出來(lái),單給你高分,你不給他\她點(diǎn)與眾不同的、高級(jí)的、變化的表達(dá)是不行的。在高考寫作中,僅僅只使用very happy, very clever, so big, quite good 這些“低級(jí)”詞匯,I think, I also think, I still think這種“低級(jí)”句式,就算語(yǔ)法完全正確,也不能讓你拿到25分以上的分?jǐn)?shù),所以需要變,變則通。比如詞匯變化這一塊就有四大原則,幫助你進(jìn)行詞匯的篩選:①詞組優(yōu)先,②后高長(zhǎng)詞匯,③避免重復(fù),④地道表達(dá)。通過(guò)以下變化練習(xí),同學(xué)們可以有所啟示:
beautiful→ fascinating
know→ realize
clear→ obvious
understand→ comprehend
clever→ intelligent
hard→ diligently
say goodbye to→ farewell to
very happy
→ rather\more than delighted\rejoiced
→ be wild with joy\ be bright and breezy
I think
→I hold the view that \ I take the attitude that\ I suppose\ I am in favor of
more and more
→increasingly\ growingly
下面是一些練習(xí),你能做到變化嗎?
More and more people
Buy
Pay attention to
Begin\start
Come to
Keep
Know
Job
Be able to
Be surprised at
Become happy
love
Near
Replace
Rise
Strengthen
Tell
Use
Tired
Affect
Understand
至于其他的方面,包括句式變化的三大原則(①非靈句原則,②單句擴(kuò)展原則,③單句合并原則),由于篇幅原因,在這里暫時(shí)不再一一贅述。
所謂順,顧名思義,閱卷老師閱讀起來(lái)通順、流暢。可怎樣才能做到呢?我認(rèn)為有以下兩點(diǎn):①學(xué)會(huì)使用連接詞,②盡量避免語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。在連接詞部分,可以給大家列出很多,比如:
表示羅列增加:
  First, second, third,
  First, then / next, after that / next, finally
  For one thing … for another…,
  On (the) one hand…on the other hand,
  Besides / what's more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,
  Especially / In particular,
表示時(shí)間順序:
  now, at present, recently,
  after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,
  at first, in the beginning, to begin with,
  later, next, finally,
  immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment
  form now on, from then on,
  at the same time, meanwhile,
  till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,
表示解釋說(shuō)明:
  now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover
  furthermore, in fact, actually
表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:
  but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other
  hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,
表示并列關(guān)系:
  or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor, for
表示因果關(guān)系:
  because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that
表示條件關(guān)系:
  as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless, once, when
表示讓步關(guān)系:
  though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever,whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)
表示舉例:
  for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example
表示比較:
  be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,
表示目的:
  for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,
表示強(qiáng)調(diào):
  in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,
  obviously, above all,
 表示概括歸納:
  in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, to sum up, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, as we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion
關(guān)于第二點(diǎn),盡量避免語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,我總結(jié)了歷年來(lái)同學(xué)們?cè)诟呖紝懽髦凶钊菀追傅娜愬e(cuò)誤。希望在以后的課程當(dāng)中給大家做詳細(xì)的解釋。
最后兩訣是“背”、“練”。這是實(shí)踐前面三訣的過(guò)程,也是進(jìn)一步夯實(shí)同學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的過(guò)程。真心希望同學(xué)們能多多背誦①各類基本句式②英文寫作經(jīng)典句型③議論文模版句型以及④名人名言、諺語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)等。雖然很辛苦,但有一句廣告詞“做男人要對(duì)自己恨一點(diǎn)!”女同學(xué)也是,只有堅(jiān)持,痛著才能最終快樂(lè)!因?yàn)楸痴b都能使同學(xué)們的寫作達(dá)到事半功倍的效果,瀟灑的引用往往給你在高考寫作中帶來(lái)意想不到的收獲。
“練”能做到一二三即可:每周一篇、修改兩次、背誦三遍。能堅(jiān)持做到明年高考前,同學(xué)們想不拿高分都難。至于找誰(shuí)修改,你自己,你的老師,水平高的朋友同學(xué)親戚,還有新東方可愛(ài)的敬業(yè)的老師們!
記住“上士聞道,勤而行之;中士聞道,若存若亡;下士聞道,大笑之。大笑不足以為道。”希望所有的同學(xué)都能做上士。

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