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India banned some single-use or disposable plastic products
recently as part of a plan to slowly discontinue the use of the material
in the South Asian nation.印度最近禁止了一些一次性塑料產(chǎn)品，這是這個南亞國家逐步停止使用這種材料計劃的一部分。For its first step in the plan, the federal government has identified 19 plastic products作為該計劃的第一步，聯(lián)邦政府已經(jīng)確定了19種塑料產(chǎn)品，that are not very useful but have a high possibility of becoming waste.這些產(chǎn)品不是很有用，但很有可能成為廢物。It is illegal to produce, import, keep, give them out, or sell them.生產(chǎn)、進口、保存、分發(fā)或出售它們都是非法的。These products include cups, straws, and ice cream sticks made from plastic.這些產(chǎn)品包括由塑料制成的杯子、吸管和冰淇淋棒。Some disposable plastic bags will also be banned and replaced with thicker, reusable ones.一些一次性塑料袋也將被禁止，取而代之的是更厚、可重復使用的塑料袋。Thousands of other plastic products, like bottles for water or bags for foods like chips, are not covered by the ban.數(shù)以千計的其他塑料產(chǎn)品，如裝水的瓶子或薯片等食品袋，不在禁令范圍內。But
the federal government has set targets for manufacturers to be
responsible for recycling or disposing of them after their use.但聯(lián)邦政府已經(jīng)為制造商制定了目標，要求他們負責回收或處理使用后的產(chǎn)品。Plastic manufacturers had appealed to the government to delay the ban.They said inflation and possible job losses are a concern.他們說，通脹和可能的失業(yè)是一個令人擔憂的問題。But
India's federal environment minister Bhupender Yadav told the media at a
meeting in New Delhi that the ban had been in progress for a year.但印度聯(lián)邦環(huán)境部長布潘達·亞德夫在新德里的一次會議上告訴媒體，禁令已經(jīng)進行一年了。'Now that time is up,' he said.This is not the first time that India has considered a plastic ban.Previous bans have centered in some areas of the country with different degrees of success.此前的禁令主要集中在該國的一些地區(qū)，取得了不同程度的成功。A
nationwide ban that includes not just the use of plastic, but also its
production and importation was a 'definite boost,' said Satyarupa
Shekhar.薩蒂亞魯帕·謝哈爾說，一項全國性的禁令不僅包括塑料的使用，還包括塑料的生產(chǎn)和進口，這是一個“明顯的改善”。A 'definite boost' means a clear improvement.“Definite boost”意思是明顯的改善。Shekhar is the Asia-Pacific area adviser for the organization Break Free from Plastic.Most plastic is not recycled around the world.The materials pollute the world's oceans, affect wildlife, and turn up in drinking water.這些物質污染了世界的海洋，影響了野生動物，還出現(xiàn)在飲用水中。And scientists are still trying to understand the risks from very small pieces of plastic, known as microplastics.科學家們仍在試圖了解被稱為微塑料的極小塑料片的風險。The country's waste management system cannot handle its growing cities and villages.該國的垃圾管理系統(tǒng)無法應對城市和農村快速發(fā)展帶來的壓力。It means that much of the waste is not recycled and ends up polluting the environment.這意味著許多垃圾沒有得到回收，最終污染了環(huán)境。Our
World in Data found that nearly 13 million metric tons of plastic waste
were either thrown out or not recycled by the nation of nearly 1.4
billion people in 2019.“以數(shù)據(jù)看世界”發(fā)現(xiàn)，2019年，這個擁有近14億人口的國家丟棄或未回收的塑料垃圾接近1300萬噸。Ravi Agarwal is the director of Toxic Link, a New Delhi-based group that supports waste management.拉維·阿加瓦爾是總部位于新德里的支持廢物管理的組織Toxic Link的負責人。Agarwal said the ban was a 'good beginning,' but its success will depend on how well it is carried out.阿加瓦爾說，這項禁令是一個“良好的開端”，但它的成功將取決于它執(zhí)行力度。The actual enforcement of the law will be in the hands of individual states and cities.法律的實際執(zhí)行將掌握在各個邦和城市的手中。Government officials said they banned products that could be replaced by other materials,政府官員表示，他們禁止可以被其他材料取代的產(chǎn)品，such as bamboo spoons, plantain trays, and wooden ice-cream sticks.But in the days leading up to the ban, many food sellers said they did not fully understand.但在禁令頒布前的幾天里，許多食品銷售商表示，他們并不完全理解。Moti Rahman sells vegetables in New Delhi.He said customers would carefully pick out fresh summer produce before he put them in a plastic bag.他說，在他把新鮮的夏季農產(chǎn)品放進塑料袋之前，顧客會仔細挑選。Rahman said that he agrees with the ban.But he added that if plastic bags are banned without a cost-effective replacement, his business will be affected.但他補充說，如果在沒有性價比高的替代品的情況下禁止塑料袋，他的業(yè)務將受到影響。Rahman said, 'After all, plastic is used in everything.'拉赫曼說：“畢竟，所有東西都用到了塑料?！?/span>
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