“立冬”是二十四節(jié)氣中的第十九個(gè)節(jié)氣，冬季的第一個(gè)節(jié)氣。斗柄指向西北方位，太陽(yáng)黃經(jīng)達(dá)225°，于每年公歷11月7-8日之間交節(jié)。立冬是季節(jié)類節(jié)氣，表示自此進(jìn)入了冬季。立，建始也；冬，終也，萬(wàn)物收藏也。立冬，意味著生氣開(kāi)始閉蓄，萬(wàn)物進(jìn)入休養(yǎng)、收藏狀態(tài)。其氣候也由秋季少雨干燥向陰雨寒凍的冬季氣候漸變。我們來(lái)看看如何用英文描述立冬這一節(jié)氣，學(xué)會(huì)用英文講述節(jié)氣的故事，傳播中國(guó)文化。The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Lìdōng(pīnyīn), literally "Start of Winter", is the 19th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 225° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 240°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 225°, which in the Gregorian calendar is around November 7.傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)歷將一年劃分為24個(gè)節(jié)氣。立冬，拼音為Lìdōng，英文為Start of Winter，是一年中第19個(gè)節(jié)氣。它始于太陽(yáng)到達(dá)黃經(jīng)225°，結(jié)束于太陽(yáng)到達(dá)黃經(jīng)240°。它更常指的是太陽(yáng)正處于黃經(jīng)225°的日子，在公歷中，通常在11月7日左右。Each solar term can be divided into 3 pentads. They are: first pentad, second pentad and last pentad. Pentads in Lidong include:每個(gè)節(jié)氣可分為三候：初候、次候和末候。立冬的三候?yàn)椋?/span>First pentad 初候:
水始冰
Water begins to freeze地始凍
The earth begins to harden 雉入大水為蜃
Pheasants enter the water and become clamsStart of Winter is the first solar term of winter, which means winter is coming and crops harvested in autumn should be stored up. Start of winter is also one of the seasonal nodes that Chinese people attach great importance to. It is a time to enjoy a good harvest and take a good rest. People look forward to the prosperity and happiness of life in the coming year.立冬是冬季的第一個(gè)節(jié)氣，這意味著冬季即將來(lái)臨，秋季收獲的作物應(yīng)該儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)。立冬也是我國(guó)民間非常重視的季節(jié)節(jié)點(diǎn)之一，是享受豐收、休養(yǎng)生息的時(shí)節(jié)，人們期待著來(lái)年生活的興旺如意。In ancient times, the Chinese people took the Start of Winter to be the beginning of the winter. However in fact, the Start of Winter is not the beginning of winter in terms of meteorology. The climate every year is different, so the beginning of winter could be quite different. And with the vast territory of China, winter of every area doesn’t begin at the same time.在古代，中國(guó)人把立冬當(dāng)作冬天的開(kāi)始。然而事實(shí)上，從氣象學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，立冬并并不是冬天的開(kāi)始。每年的氣候都不一樣，所以冬天的開(kāi)始可能會(huì)大不相同。由于中國(guó)幅員遼闊，每個(gè)地區(qū)的冬天并不是同時(shí)開(kāi)始的。The four beginnings of the seasons were important festivals in ancient times. Before the Start of Winter, the ancient emperor would take a shower and have no more meat. On that day, the emperor would lead his officials to the suburbs and perform the ceremony of "welcoming the winter."“四立”（四個(gè)季節(jié)的開(kāi)始：立春、立夏、立秋和立冬）在古代是重要節(jié)日。立冬前，古代皇帝會(huì)洗個(gè)澡，不再吃肉。在立冬這一天，皇帝將帶領(lǐng)官員們一起到郊區(qū)，舉行“迎冬”儀式。A legend has it that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Medical Saint" Zhang Zhongjing saved many people in Henan province from a typhoid epidemic and their ears' from being frostbitten around Start of Winter. He cooked mutton, hot peppers and herbs to dispel the cold and increase body heat. He wrapped these ingredients into dough wrappers and made them into ear shapes. Since then, people have learned to make the food which became known as "dumpling". Today there is still a saying that goes "Eat dumplings on Start of Winter Day, or your ears will be frostbitten". 傳說(shuō)，東漢末年，“醫(yī)圣”張仲景在河南省的一次傷寒疫情中拯救了許多人，并使他們的耳朵在立冬前后免受凍傷。 他煮羊肉、辣椒和草藥來(lái)驅(qū)寒和增加體溫。他把這些原料包成面皮，做成耳朵形狀。從那時(shí)起，人們就學(xué)會(huì)了制作這種人稱“餃子”的食物。今天仍然有一句俗語(yǔ)說(shuō)“立冬不端餃子碗，凍掉耳朵沒(méi)人管”。 On the first day of Start of Winter, there is a custom, "nourishing the winter", in Southeast China in places such as Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan provinces. To prepare for the oncoming cold winter, people there like to eat high-calorie food such as chicken, duck, beef, mutton, and fish, which are usually stewed with some Chinese medicines to enhance the effectiveness of the nourishment.在立冬的第一天，在中國(guó)東南部的福建、廣東、臺(tái)灣等地，有一種“補(bǔ)冬”的習(xí)俗。為了迎接即將到來(lái)的寒冬，那里的人們喜歡吃高熱量的食物，如雞、鴨、牛肉、羊肉和魚，這些食物通常與中藥（當(dāng)歸、川芎、白芍和地黃等）一起燉，以增強(qiáng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)效果。最后我們?cè)賮?lái)復(fù)習(xí)一下二十四節(jié)氣的英文名稱：Now it's your time to open your mouth and practice!Have fun learning English!
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