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毅力漫游者準備揭開火星的歷史

 Wsz6868 2021-05-13

毅力漫游者準備揭開火星的歷史

NASA's Perseverance rover took a selfie on Mars with <a href="https://www./2021/04/07/world/mars-perseverance-rover-helicopter-picture-scn-trnd/index.html" target="_blank">the Ingenuity helicopter</a> on Tuesday, April 6. The 4-pound helicopter is sitting about 13 feet away from the rover.(美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng))在過去的一個月里,毅力漫游者花了很多時間記錄機智直升機在火星上的飛行。在這些事件之間,火星車還拍攝了當?shù)氐木吧?,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多有趣的巖石。 現(xiàn)在,毅力號正準備執(zhí)行它的主要任務(wù):研究杰澤羅隕石坑,尋找火星上古代生命的跡象。 大約39億年前,隕石坑被一個由河流三角洲形成的湖泊填滿。現(xiàn)在,散布在干燥湖床上的巖石可以幫助科學家重建火星上這個地區(qū)的歷史,并確定那里是否存在生命。 鎖定在巖石中的信息可以揭示更多關(guān)于湖泊何時形成和干涸的信息,以及三角洲沉積物開始堆積的時間。創(chuàng)建一個與巖石相對應(yīng)的時間表將有助于研究人員確定探測器在未來兩年收集的巖石樣本的日期。這些樣本將由未來的任務(wù)送回地球,可能包含保存古代生命存在的微體化石。

The Perseverance rover used its  zoomable Mastcam-Z imager to capture this image of "Santa Cruz," a hill about 1.5 miles away on April 29.

4月29日,毅力號探測器使用其可變焦的Mastcam-Z成像儀拍攝了這張“圣克魯斯”的圖像,這是一座大約1.5英里外的小山。 探測器最近拍攝的圖像顯示,巖石和鵝卵石散落在隕石坑底部,還有一座名為圣克魯斯的小山,距離探測器約1.5英里(2.4公里)。 Jezero大約28英里(45公里)寬,位于火星赤道以北。該地點距離好奇號在蓋爾隕石坑的著陸點2300英里(3700公里)。 羅孚的超級跑車研究巖石

漫游者配備了攝像頭和儀器來幫助其巖石調(diào)查,包括SuperCam,一種激光儀器,已經(jīng)掃描了一些巖石以確定它們的化學成分。 確定這個地區(qū)的巖石類型是關(guān)鍵。如果它們是沉積的,就像砂巖一樣,它們可能是在水周圍形成的,可能含有礦物質(zhì)和沙子、淤泥或粘土,這些物質(zhì)保存了被稱為生物標志的過去生命的跡象。 火成巖是由火山活動形成的,它提供了它們形成的準確圖像,就像時間戳一樣。

4月29日,毅力號探測器使用其可變焦的Mastcam-Z成像儀拍攝了這張“圣克魯斯”的圖像,這是一座大約1.5英里外的小山。 探測器最近拍攝的圖像顯示,巖石和鵝卵石散落在隕石坑底部,還有一座名為圣克魯斯的小山,距離探測器約1.5英里(2.4公里)。 Jezero大約28英里(45公里)寬,位于火星赤道以北。該地點距離好奇號在蓋爾隕石坑的著陸點2300英里(3700公里)。

The rover took a closer look at some interesting rocks on the crater floor.

火星車仔細觀察了隕石坑底部一些有趣的巖石。 隨著時間的推移,這些巖石暴露在風和輻射下,覆蓋著一層又一層的沙子和灰塵。在野外,地質(zhì)學家會敲開巖石來了解更多。 “當你往巖石內(nèi)部看時,你就能看到故事,”加州理工學院毅力項目科學家肯·法利在一份聲明中說。

毅力不能把錘子帶到它周圍的巖石上,但它的機械臂上確實有一種叫做研磨機的工具,可以研磨和平整巖石表面。 探測器上的儀器然后可以窺視巖石內(nèi)部,以了解更多關(guān)于其中包含的化學物質(zhì)和礦物質(zhì)。 “你看的石頭越多,你知道的就越多,”法利說。 團隊知道的越多,他們最終可以用漫游者手臂上的鉆頭收集到的樣本就越好。

用泥巖回答?

毅力號于2月18日在火星著陸,在幫助直升機找到第一個機場的同時,發(fā)現(xiàn)了附近豐富的巖石。直升機已經(jīng)進入了一個新的階段,在此期間,它將在未來30天內(nèi)展示自己的能力,飛到新的機場,像偵察員一樣行動,而不干擾漫游者的科學操作。 毅力將在接下來的幾百個火星日里探索1.24英里(2公里)的Jezero隕石坑底部。漫游者科學小組的成員相信他們會在隕石坑中找到這顆紅色星球上一些最古老的物質(zhì)。 法利說:“這些巖石很可能是泥巖,曾經(jīng)是湖底的泥漿,這些對我們的研究非常重要,因為我們預計這種環(huán)境最適合幾十億年前可能存在于火星上的生物居住,并且有能力在幾十億年后保存生物特征?!?nbsp; 火星車將在該地區(qū)收集三四個樣本,然后向西北方向駛向古老干燥的河流三角洲。 在開始收集之前,毅力需要進行更多的檢查,以準備其采樣系統(tǒng)和驅(qū)動能力。該小組估計毅力將在7月收集第一個樣本,詹妮弗·特羅斯特說,她是JPL毅力漫游者項目副經(jīng)理。將在8月底前完成飛行操作,這將使火星車團隊能夠結(jié)束他們的科學活動,并為10月中旬火星和地球之間的通信中斷做好準備,屆時火星和地球位于太陽的相對兩側(cè)。

NASA's Perseverance rover took a selfie on Mars with <a href="https://www./2021/04/07/world/mars-perseverance-rover-helicopter-picture-scn-trnd/index.html" target="_blank">the Ingenuity helicopter</a> on Tuesday, April 6. The 4-pound helicopter is sitting about 13 feet away from the rover.

This image shows a debris shield, which protected the Ingenuity helicopter during landing. The helicopter can still be seen attached underneath the rover.

This image of Mars was taken during the Perseverance rover's first drive on March 4.

From its landing site, the rover could see a remnant of a fan-shaped deposit of sediments known as a delta (the raised area of dark brown rock in the middle ground).

This image of Mars' surface was taken using a camera mounted to the bottom of the rover.

This image shows the rover's wheel on the surface of the red planet.

The navigation cameras aboard NASA's Perseverance rover captured this view of the rover's deck on February 20.

This is the first color image released from Perseverance on the Martian surface. Rocks can be seen scattered around the landing site in Jezero Crater.

The rover took this image of its parachute during its descent to Mars.

Members of NASA mission control celebrate after receiving confirmation that the rover successfully touched down on Mars on February 18.

This image, from a camera on Perseverance's "jetpack" during the spacecraft's descent stage, captures the rover in midair just before its wheels touched down. This perspective has never been seen before on previous missions.

President Joe Biden watches coverage of the rover landing from the White House. "Congratulations to NASA and everyone whose hard work made Perseverance's historic landing possible," he said <a href="https://twitter.com/POTUS/status/1362536116197470210?s=20" target="_blank">in a tweet.</a> "Today proved once again that with the power of science and American ingenuity, nothing is beyond the realm of possibility."

Perseverance <a href="https://twitter.com/NASAPersevere/status/1362507436611956736" target="_blank">sent this image back</a> shortly after landing on Mars. The rover will explore Jezero Crater, the site of an ancient lake that existed 3.9 billion years ago, and search for microfossils in the rocks and soil there.

The Empire State Building in New York is illuminated in red on February 16 to mark Perseverance's scheduled landing on the red planet.


A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket, carrying the Perseverance rover, launches from Cape Canaveral, Florida, in July 2020.

Engineers perform tests on the rover inside the Kennedy Space Center in April 2020. The rover was rotated clockwise and counterclockwise on a spin table to determine its center of gravity. Establishing the rover's center of gravity helped ensure the spacecraft would land on Mars as calculated.

This piece of hardware, designed at NASA's Johnson Space Center, will carry the first spacesuit materials to Mars to see how they hold up. It will also carry a piece of a Martian meteorite back to the surface of the planet so scientists can observe how it changes over time.

NASA workers install the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, aka MOXIE, into the chassis of the Perseverance rover in March 2019. This experiment will attempt to convert Martian carbon dioxide into oxygen. This could help NASA scientists learn how to produce not only rocket fuel on Mars, but also oxygen that could be used during future human exploration of the red planet.

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