【編譯】趙怡雯 楊稚珉 吳天麟 李源

【審?！?/span>趙怡雯 楊稚珉 吳天麟 李源

【排版】張湘蘋

【題目】Climate science, the politics of climate change and futures of IR

【作者】Richard Beardsworth，利茲大學(xué)國際政治系教授。

【摘要】本文從政治層面出發(fā)，討論應(yīng)對氣候變化的經(jīng)驗主義挑戰(zhàn)和當(dāng)前來自氣候科學(xué)的呼吁(到2050年世界實現(xiàn)碳中和)所必須的因素。本文的基本論點是，在眾多國家和國際行為體中，仍需要能夠成功推動氣候變化政治化的國家。如果沒有國家的強(qiáng)力支持和作為一個政治實體所具備的能力來推動行為上的變化，就無法在迫切的時間內(nèi)大范圍緩解和適應(yīng)氣候變化。本文展現(xiàn)了這一論點如何避開新民族主義和國際主義的對立，使兩者走向合作。文章表明如果該論點切實有效，那么國際關(guān)系學(xué)科則更需關(guān)注氣候挑戰(zhàn)，重新引入傳統(tǒng)的國家思想，并在未來幾十年的學(xué)科研究和教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)一種特定的性格或心態(tài)：堅定的樂觀主義。

This article considers what is necessary politically to respond to the empirical challenge of climate change and to the present calls of climate science (a carbon-neutral world by 2050). Its basic argument is that, among an array of national and international actors, it remains the state that can drive a successful politics of climate change. Without the heavy-lifting of the state and the state’s ability as a national entity to motivate behavioural change, neither the daunting scale nor imminent time-horizon of climate mitigation and adaptation is possible. The article shows how this specific argument, far from pitching anew nationalism against internationalism, can bring the two presently polarized movements together. The article then suggests that if these arguments are essentially valid, the discipline of International Relations needs to focus much more on the climate challenge, re-engage with its traditions of thought on the state and help harbour a specific disposition or mindset in the research and teaching of the discipline for the next decades: a fierce optimism.

【編譯】趙怡雯

【校對】楊稚珉

【題目】Internet of Things, cybersecurity and governing wicked problems: learning from climate change governance

【作者】Madeline Carr（瑪?shù)铝铡た?，倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和全球政治教授），F(xiàn)eja Lesniewska（費婭·列斯涅夫斯卡，倫敦亞非研究院SOAS的高級教學(xué)研究員）。

【摘要】物聯(lián)網(wǎng)（IoT）的應(yīng)用對于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇創(chuàng)造的“第四次工業(yè)革命”至關(guān)重要，物理網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)革命將模糊物理、數(shù)字和生物領(lǐng)域之間的界限，帶來新的互聯(lián)模式，從而對傳統(tǒng)關(guān)系與治理模式產(chǎn)生挑戰(zhàn)。然而，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的核心特征在于其使網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的含義不再抽象。同時，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的種種效應(yīng)也使我們回歸到國際關(guān)系領(lǐng)域中的物理效應(yīng)。由此產(chǎn)生的合作與協(xié)調(diào)挑戰(zhàn)本質(zhì)上是跨界的，會發(fā)生在多層面的不同部門或是機(jī)構(gòu)之間，甚至還將以復(fù)雜且高度政治化的方式影響所有的公共和私人行為體。本文中，作者認(rèn)為全球氣候治理的進(jìn)步之處在于為現(xiàn)有的國際秩序提供了一種基于共識性規(guī)則的早期模型，該模型為推動敏捷、靈活和多中心主義提供了空間，并以此滿足“極端難題”的需求，而物聯(lián)網(wǎng)中存在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全隱患正屬此類問題之一。其中，強(qiáng)大的知識交流機(jī)制，尤其是技術(shù)界與政界的交流，或許是能從氣候治理中習(xí)得的最重要經(jīng)驗之一。

The implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) is central to what the World Economic Forum has coined the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’; a technological revolution built upon cyber- physical systems that will blur the lines between the physical, digital and biological spheres. Novel interconnections will emerge as a result, challenging traditional relations and modes of governance. However, a central feature of the IoT is that the implications of cyber (in)security are no longer abstract. The IoT also returns us to the world of kinetic effects in international relations; more familiar territory for IR. The resulting cooperation and coordination challenges are transboundary in nature, occur at multiple levels across sectors, between institutions, and will impact all actors, both public and private, in complex, often highly politicised ways. In this article we argue that advances in global climate governance appear to be offering an early model of a consensual rules-based approach within the existing international order that provides space for advancing agility, flexibility, and polycentrism to meet the demands of ‘wicked problems’ like the cybersecurity of the IoT. Perhaps one of the most important lessons to be drawn across from climate governance is the role of robust mechanisms for knowledge exchange – specifically between the technical and policy communities.

【編譯】楊稚珉

【校對】吳天麟

【題目】Between concepts and thought: digital technologies and temporal relationality

【作者】Oliver Kessler ，德國埃爾福特大學(xué)國際關(guān)系教授，Marc Lenglet，法國諾歐商學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略與創(chuàng)業(yè)學(xué)部副教授。

【摘要】本文認(rèn)為數(shù)字科技加速的種種實踐也影響了社會理論的關(guān)鍵概念。數(shù)字科技不僅催生了新的概念，更重構(gòu)了社會政治理論的各種概念性詞匯。最關(guān)鍵的是，此次數(shù)字化加速浪潮重整了政治概念的空間和時間維度。因此，此前強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)威、等級或關(guān)系空間上特質(zhì)的定義低估了時態(tài)移動的影響。本文追尋社會政治思想從空間到時間的轉(zhuǎn)移，并描繪了時態(tài)關(guān)系性如何逐漸沖擊我們習(xí)以為常的象征和意象。

This article advances the argument that the acceleration of practices introduced by digital technologies also impact key concepts of social theory. Digital technologies not only give rise to new concepts, but they also reconfigure our entire socio-political conceptual vocabulary. In particular, this acceleration reorganizes the relationship between the spatial and temporal dimensions of political concepts. As a consequence, our spatially defined understanding of authority, hierarchy or relation underestimates the repercussions of shifting temporalities. This article pursues this shift from space to time and outlines how temporal relationality is gradually impacting the representations and images we live by.

【編譯】吳天麟

【校對】李源

【題目】From geopolitics to geotechnics: global futures in the shadow of automation, cunning machines, and human speciation

【作者】Jairus Grove，夏威夷大學(xué)馬諾阿分校助理教授。

【摘要】本文為有關(guān)“第四次工業(yè)革命”和“第三次抵消戰(zhàn)略(third offset)”的討論提供了另一種未來。本文認(rèn)為，即使是對現(xiàn)有（技術(shù)）趨勢的保守預(yù)測，也足以改變地緣政治的語法或生態(tài)，以及競爭與災(zāi)難的動力。這種變化比行為體之間如何不同，或者哪個大國在一百年后會塑造國際秩序的問題更為重要。本文試圖理解非人類能力的破壞性變化對塑造未來潛在的地緣政治意味著什么。在更普遍的意義上，作者思考了暴力將如何以不同的方式分布。在一個由機(jī)器與數(shù)字組成的全球系統(tǒng)中，是否會出現(xiàn)新的競爭來源，甚至是獨特的競爭類型，這對我們理解國際關(guān)系又有什么啟示？

This exploration provides an alternative future to that offered in the discussions surrounding what is often referred to by the ‘fourth industrial revolution’ or the ‘third offset’. I argue that even modest projections of existing trends have the capability of altering the grammar or ecology of geopolitics as well as the drivers for competition and catastrophe. Such changes are more significant than questions of how this or that actor might be different or which great powers may shape the international order in a hundred years. The essay seeks to understand what disruptive changes in non-human capability might mean for the shape of a potential geopolitics to come. In a more general sense, I want to think about how violence will be distributed differently. Will there be new sources and even kinds of competition unique to a global system populated and in some cases, structured by cunning machines – some mechanical, others digital – and what are the implications for how we imagine international relations?

【編譯】李源

【校對】張曼娜