一、含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的名言欣賞

 Life is measured by thought and action, not by time.

衡量生命的尺度是思想和行動(dòng)，而不是時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短。

 Men are known by his companions.

觀其友而知其人。

Rome was not built in a day. 

羅馬不是一天建成的。

A friend without fault will never be found.

沒(méi)有缺點(diǎn)的朋友永不可得。

二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念
英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
Many people speak Chinese. 許多人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。
謂語(yǔ)speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。
Chinese is spoken by many people. 漢語(yǔ)被許多人說(shuō)。
主語(yǔ)Chinese是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。

一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
You are wanted on the phone. 有你的電話。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

China was liberated in 1949.   1949年中國(guó)解放。
一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will / shall be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

明天將對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行討論。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has been +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
Not a book in the library has been taken away.  

圖書(shū)館里沒(méi)有一本書(shū)被人拿走。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are being +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
My bike is being repaired. 

我的自行車正在修理。

過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
The book had been borrowed when I got to the library.
我到了圖書(shū)館時(shí),那本書(shū)已經(jīng)借出去了。

二、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換

1）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。

2）把謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過(guò)去分詞）

注意：根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式。

3）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。
All the people laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。
→He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. 他們?cè)谀羌夜S制造自行車。
→ The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. 他砍倒了一棵樹(shù)。
 → A tree was cut down by him.

4）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。
Little Tom can work out this maths problem easily. 

小湯姆能容易地做出這道數(shù)學(xué)題。

→ This maths problem can be easily work out by little Tom.
They should do it at once.  他們應(yīng)該立刻做那件事。
→It should be done at once.

5) 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的雙賓語(yǔ)句式: 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)+其他
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的雙賓語(yǔ)句式: 間接賓語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+其他
或:直接賓語(yǔ)+be +過(guò)去分詞+介詞(for / to)+間接賓語(yǔ)+其他
My father gave me a new book on my birthday.

我的父親在我生日那天給我一本新書(shū)。

→ I was given a new book on my birthday (by my father).
→ A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father).
My father bought me a new computer yesterday.

我的父親昨天給我買了一臺(tái)新電腦。
→ I was bought a new computer yesterday (by my father).
→ A new computer was bought for me yesterday (by my father)

6) 帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),只把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不動(dòng)。
   His teacher found him a very good pupil. 他的老師發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)很好的學(xué)生。
→ He was found a very good pupil by his teacher.

7) 在主動(dòng)句中, let, make, see, hear等動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to,但在被動(dòng)句中,則要還原to。
　Linda’s parents make her practice the piano every Sunday.

→Linda is made to practice the piano every Sunday.
8) 有些及物動(dòng)詞如have(有), reach, cost等, 以及有些聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞如smell, taste, sound, feel等,不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
【誤】 Five dollars is cost by this book.
【正】 This book costs five dollars. 這本書(shū)花費(fèi)五美元。
【誤】 The food is tasted nice.
【正】 The food tastes nice. 這種食物嘗起來(lái)很好。

鞏固練習(xí)

I.把下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。

1. Do you sweep the floor everyday?

 _______________________________

2. Did people in the old days grow tea?

________________________________

3. We have learned Lesson 60.

________________________________

4. We can’t see many of the stars.

________________________________

5.Chinahas sent up man-made satellites into space.

________________________________

6. They will plant the trees tomorrow.

________________________________

7. I see him go to school everyday.

________________________________

8. Our teacher made us close our eyes in the game.

________________________________

II. 使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯下列句子。

1.我們不把英語(yǔ)當(dāng)作第一語(yǔ)言使用。

_________________________________

2. 這些電視機(jī)是1990年日本出產(chǎn)的。

_________________________________

3.法國(guó)人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)還是法語(yǔ)?

________________________________

4.中國(guó)什么地方生產(chǎn)鹽?

_________________________________

5. 這些樹(shù)可以被種在道路的兩邊。

________________________________

6. 每天早晨都能聽(tīng)到小鳥(niǎo)唱歌的聲音。

________________________________

7. 世界被變成了一個(gè)更小的地方。

________________________________

III. 單項(xiàng)選擇。
1. Look! A big modern building _________ in our city.
    A. is built

    B. is being built　

    C. has been built　　　      

    D. is building
2. Your bike can’t ______ there.
    A. be put    

    B. is put    

    C. be putted    

    D. putted
3. Mary _______ the song at a party.
    A. heard sing    

    B. was heard sing 　　

    C. heard to sing    

    D. was heard to sing

4. ______ trees usually _______ in April?
    A. Have, planted　　    

    B. Are, planted　　

    C. have, been planted 　　

    D. Do, planted
5. My room _______ tomorrow.
    A. is cleaned 　　　

    B. be cleaned 　　　

    C. will be cleaned　　　 

    D. is cleaning
6. When ______ your school ________?
    A. did, built 　　　　

    B. was，built　　　　

    C. is， built 　　　　　 

    D. was， building

7. The window of our house _______ once a week.
    A. have been cleaned 　 

    B. is cleaned 　　　

    C. are cleaned 　　　　　

    D. are cleaning
8. The sick girl _______ to the hospital at once.
    A. must send 　　　　

    B. be must sent 　　 

    C. must be sent　　　　　

    D. be sent
9. Many books on science _____ since I went to college.
    A. were bought　　　　　　　　

    B. have been bought
    C. will be bought　　　　　　　

    D. are bought

10. People have come to know that their health must ______.
    A. pay more attention　　　　　

    B. pay more attention to
    C. be paid more attention　　　 

    D. be paid more attention to
11. A beautiful picture ____ the children in the classroom.
    A. was shown to　　　　

    B. was shown　　　

    C. were shown to　　　　 

    D. were shown
12. A new bike ____ Tom tomorrow.
    A. will lend　　　　　

    B. will lent　　　　

    C. will be lent　　　　　

    D. will be lent to　

13. Some eggs and a glass of milk ____ the Frenchman.
    A. have been brought to　　　　　

    B. has been brought to
    C. have been brought　　　　　　

    D. has been brought
14. Miss White said she ____ some beautiful coats in the shop.
    A. had been show

    B. has been shown
    C. had been shown to

    D. had been shown
15. Jack ____ answer the question in French.
    A. asked to　　　 

    B. was ask　　　 

    C. was asked　　　　

    D. was asked to

【真題鏈接】

1. The novel ______ by many people today.

    A. is read               

    B. are read             

    C. reads             

    D. were read

2.These model cars ____ inChinain 2013.

    A. are made     

    B. were made    

    C. make            

    D. made

3. — How clean your car is!

— Thank you. It ____ very often.

    A. is washed      

    B. washes        

    C. was washed        

    D. washed

4. When you ______ a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it.

    A. give                       

    B. are giving                    

    C. gave                             

    D. are given

5. We           to start at once, or we will miss the train.  

    A. tell        

    B. have told        

    C. are told          

    D. told