我最近安裝了一個(gè)新磁盤并在其上創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)zpool：

/# zpool create morez /dev/sdb

使用它一段時(shí)間后,我注意到它很慢：

/morez# fio --name rw --rw rw --size 10G
   read: IOPS=19.6k, BW=76.6MiB/s (80.3MB/s)(5120MiB/66834msec)
  write: IOPS=19.6k, BW=76.6MiB/s (80.3MB/s)(5120MiB/66834msec)

此測(cè)試與我的實(shí)際用例非常相似.我正在從磁盤讀取中等數(shù)量(~10k)的圖像(每個(gè)~2 MiB).當(dāng)磁盤大部分為空時(shí),它們都被立即寫入,因此我不認(rèn)為它們會(huì)被分割.

為了比較,我測(cè)試了ext4：

/# gdisk /dev/sdb
...
/# mkfs.ext4 -f /dev/sdb1 && mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt && cd /mnt
/mnt# fio --name rw --rw rw --size 10G
   read: IOPS=48.3k, BW=189MiB/s (198MB/s)(5120MiB/27135msec)
  write: IOPS=48.3k, BW=189MiB/s (198MB/s)(5120MiB/27135msec)

和btrfs：

/# mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/sdb1 && mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt && cd /mnt
/mnt# fio --name rw --rw rw --size 10G
   read: IOPS=51.3k, BW=201MiB/s (210MB/s)(5120MiB/25528msec)
  write: IOPS=51.3k, BW=201MiB/s (210MB/s)(5120MiB/25528msec)

可能導(dǎo)致ZFS性能問題的原因是什么？如何讓它更快？

嘗試解決方案失敗

我還嘗試顯式設(shè)置zpool的扇區(qū)大小,因?yàn)槲业拇疟P(Seagate ST1000DM003)使用4096字節(jié)的物理扇區(qū)：

/# zpool create -o ashift=12 morez /dev/sdb

這沒有改善性能：

/morez# fio --name rw --rw rw --size 10G
   read: IOPS=21.3k, BW=83.2MiB/s (87.2MB/s)(5120MiB/61573msec)
  write: IOPS=21.3k, BW=83.2MiB/s (87.2MB/s)(5120MiB/61573msec)

意見

奇怪的是,使用zvol有很好的表現(xiàn)：

/# zfs create -V 20G morez/vol
/# fio --name rw --filename /dev/zvol/morez/vol --rw rw --size 10G
   read: IOPS=52.7k, BW=206MiB/s (216MB/s)(5120MiB/24852msec)
  write: IOPS=52.7k, BW=206MiB/s (216MB/s)(5120MiB/24852msec)

為什么這只影響ZFS文件系統(tǒng)而不影響zvols？

btrfs的擴(kuò)展測(cè)試

在評(píng)論中,有人認(rèn)為差異可能是由于緩存造成的.經(jīng)過進(jìn)一步測(cè)試,我不相信是這種情況.我將btrfs測(cè)試的大小增加到遠(yuǎn)高于我的計(jì)算機(jī)的內(nèi)存量,其性能仍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于ZFS：

/# mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/sdb1 && mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt && cd /mnt
/mnt# $fio --name rw --rw rw --size 500G --runtime 3600 --time_based --ramp_time 900
   read: IOPS=41.9k, BW=164MiB/s (172MB/s)(576GiB/3600003msec)
  write: IOPS=41.9k, BW=164MiB/s (172MB/s)(576GiB/3600003msec)

系統(tǒng)信息

軟件

> Arch Linux,內(nèi)核版本4.11.6
> Linux 0.6.5.10上的ZFS
> fio 2.21

硬件

>正在測(cè)試的驅(qū)動(dòng)器：Seagate ST1000DM003,連接到6Gb / s SATA端口
>主板：Gigabyte X99-SLI
>記憶：8 GiB

ZFS信息

以下是運(yùn)行fio之前ZFS屬性的樣子.這些只是使用默認(rèn)設(shè)置創(chuàng)建zpool的結(jié)果.

# zpool get all morez
NAME   PROPERTY                    VALUE            SOURCE
morez  size                        928G             -
morez  capacity                    0%               -
morez  altroot                     -                default
morez  health                      ONLINE           -
morez  guid                        [removed]        default
morez  version                     -                default
morez  bootfs                      -                default
morez  delegation                  on               default
morez  autoreplace                 off              default
morez  cachefile                   -                default
morez  failmode                    wait             default
morez  listsnapshots               off              default
morez  autoexpand                  off              default
morez  dedupditto                  0                default
morez  dedupratio                  1.00x            -
morez  free                        928G             -
morez  allocated                   276K             -
morez  readonly                    off              -
morez  ashift                      0                default
morez  comment                     -                default
morez  expandsize                  -                -
morez  freeing                     0                default
morez  fragmentation               0%               -
morez  leaked                      0                default
morez  feature@async_destroy       enabled          local
morez  feature@empty_bpobj         enabled          local
morez  feature@lz4_compress        active           local
morez  feature@spacemap_histogram  active           local
morez  feature@enabled_txg         active           local
morez  feature@hole_birth          active           local
morez  feature@extensible_dataset  enabled          local
morez  feature@embedded_data       active           local
morez  feature@bookmarks           enabled          local
morez  feature@filesystem_limits   enabled          local
morez  feature@large_blocks        enabled          local

# zfs get all morez
NAME   PROPERTY              VALUE                  SOURCE
morez  type                  filesystem             -
morez  creation              Thu Jun 29 19:34 2017  -
morez  used                  240K                   -
morez  available             899G                   -
morez  referenced            96K                    -
morez  compressratio         1.00x                  -
morez  mounted               yes                    -
morez  quota                 none                   default
morez  reservation           none                   default
morez  recordsize            128K                   default
morez  mountpoint            /morez                 default
morez  sharenfs              off                    default
morez  checksum              on                     default
morez  compression           off                    default
morez  atime                 on                     default
morez  devices               on                     default
morez  exec                  on                     default
morez  setuid                on                     default
morez  readonly              off                    default
morez  zoned                 off                    default
morez  snapdir               hidden                 default
morez  aclinherit            restricted             default
morez  canmount              on                     default
morez  xattr                 on                     default
morez  copies                1                      default
morez  version               5                      -
morez  utf8only              off                    -
morez  normalization         none                   -
morez  casesensitivity       sensitive              -
morez  vscan                 off                    default
morez  nbmand                off                    default
morez  sharesmb              off                    default
morez  refquota              none                   default
morez  refreservation        none                   default
morez  primarycache          all                    default
morez  secondarycache        all                    default
morez  usedbysnapshots       0                      -
morez  usedbydataset         96K                    -
morez  usedbychildren        144K                   -
morez  usedbyrefreservation  0                      -
morez  logbias               latency                default
morez  dedup                 off                    default
morez  mlslabel              none                   default
morez  sync                  standard               default
morez  refcompressratio      1.00x                  -
morez  written               96K                    -
morez  logicalused           72.5K                  -
morez  logicalreferenced     40K                    -
morez  filesystem_limit      none                   default
morez  snapshot_limit        none                   default
morez  filesystem_count      none                   default
morez  snapshot_count        none                   default
morez  snapdev               hidden                 default
morez  acltype               off                    default
morez  context               none                   default
morez  fscontext             none                   default
morez  defcontext            none                   default
morez  rootcontext           none                   default
morez  relatime              off                    default
morez  redundant_metadata    all                    default
morez  overlay               off                    default