```1、文檔介紹
本實施方案主要對Oracle DataGuard實施部署作相應(yīng)的說明。以便實施人員能根據(jù)當(dāng)前業(yè)務(wù)特點，規(guī)劃、建設(shè)符合高可用、高可靠的數(shù)據(jù)庫集群系統(tǒng)。具體由Oracle DG環(huán)境拓?fù)洹racle單機數(shù)據(jù)庫規(guī)劃部分構(gòu)成！
2 、Oracle Data Guard 介紹
2.1 Data Guard環(huán)境拓展
2.2 Data Guard特點
數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器采用DATAGUARD災(zāi)備模式，可以滿足對可用性有特殊需求的應(yīng)
用，具備以下特點：
1、 需要冗余的服務(wù)器設(shè)備。該模式需要有冗余的服務(wù)器硬件。硬件成本較高。
2、 需要冗余的存儲設(shè)備。主機和備機都需要同樣的存儲空間，成本較高。
3、 安裝配置比較復(fù)雜。該模式比單節(jié)點、單實例的模式配置復(fù)雜一些，需要
更多的配置步驟。
4、 管理維護成本高。該模式對維護人員的要求較高，維護成本高。
5、 具備一定的容災(zāi)特性。當(dāng)主機整個數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)不可用并短期內(nèi)無法恢復(fù)
時，可以把數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)切換到備機上，具備容災(zāi)的功能。
6、 備機可以用作只讀查詢。備機可以切換到只讀狀態(tài)供報表之類的查詢操
作，減輕主機的壓力。
3、Oracle DataGurad單實例部署
3.1安裝環(huán)境
在主機1上安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件，并建監(jiān)聽和實例，
在主機2上安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件，并建監(jiān)聽，但不建實例。
主機1（主庫） 主機2（備庫）
操作系統(tǒng) Centos6.5 64位 Centos6.5 64位
主機名 orcl orclstd
IP 192.168.168.186 192.168.168.187
數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件版本 11.2.0.4 11.2.0.4
ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/oracle /u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1
ORACLE_SID orcl
閃回區(qū) 開啟
歸檔 開啟

3.2主數(shù)據(jù)庫配置
3.2.1 設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫歸檔
查看數(shù)據(jù)庫是否運行在歸檔模式：
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled #未開啟歸檔
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 117
Current log sequence 119
SQL>
備注：如果數(shù)據(jù)庫已經(jīng)開啟歸檔，下面的操縱可以忽略。
如上所示未開啟歸檔，可按下面方法開啟數(shù)據(jù)庫歸檔
SQL> shutdown immediate #關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount; #啟動到mount狀態(tài)
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog; #開啟歸檔
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open; #open數(shù)據(jù)庫
Database altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/ORCL/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl'; #設(shè)置歸檔路徑，此處DB_UNIQUE_NAME要與此實例中指定的DB_UNIQUE_NAME保持一致
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /data/ORCL/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence 119
Next log sequence to archive 121
Current log sequence 121
SQL>
3.2.2 設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫閃回
驗證是否開啟閃回
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON

NO
SQL>
備注：如果數(shù)據(jù)庫已經(jīng)開啟flashback，那么下面步驟可忽略。
如上顯示，該數(shù)據(jù)庫未開啟flashback，可按下面方法開啟。
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flashdata'; #設(shè)置閃回去路徑 （忽略）
-----------此處就是歸檔路徑
System altered.
SQL> altersystem set db_recovery_file_dest_size='15G'; #設(shè)置閃回區(qū)大小 （忽略）
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate; #關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database flashback on; #開啟閃回
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open; #open數(shù)據(jù)庫
Database altered.
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database; #驗證是否開啟
FLASHBACK_ON

YES
SQL>
3.2.3 設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫強制歸檔
驗證是否開啟focelogging
SQL>select force_logging from v$database;
FOR

NO
如果數(shù)據(jù)庫已經(jīng)開啟force logging，那么下面步驟可忽略。
如上可以看出數(shù)據(jù)庫未開啟，則按下面步驟執(zhí)行：
SQL>alter database force logging; #開啟force logging
Database altered.
SQL>select force_logging from v$database; #驗證
FOR

YES
SQL>
3.2.4 添加STANDBY 日志文件
在備庫，當(dāng)RFS進(jìn)程接受到日志后，就將其寫入Standby日志文件里，備庫的Standby日志文件可以看做是主庫在線日志文件的一個鏡像，當(dāng)主庫做日志切換時，備庫的Standby日志也做相應(yīng)的切換，切換后的Standby日志由備庫的ARCH進(jìn)程歸檔。
Oracle規(guī)定備庫的Standby日志文件大小不能小于主庫在線日志文件最大的一個，一般情況下，為了管理方便，最好把所有的在線日志和Standby日志大小設(shè)為一樣。
通過下面語句可以查詢主庫在線日志的大小和組數(shù)：
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;
GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024

 1      50
 2      50
 3      50

SQL>
通過下面的語句可以查詢備庫Standby日志的大小和組數(shù)：
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$standby_log;
no rows selected
創(chuàng)建standby logfile
創(chuàng)建原則
1、 確保standby redo log 的大小與主庫online redo log 的大小保持一致
2、 如主庫為單實例數(shù)據(jù)庫：standby redo log組數(shù)=主庫日志組總數(shù)
3、 如果主庫是RAC數(shù)據(jù)庫：standby redo log組數(shù)=（每線程的日志組數(shù) 1）*最大線程數(shù)
4、 不建議復(fù)用standby redo log，避免增加額外的I/O以及延緩重做傳輸
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 11 ' /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/redo11_stb01.log' size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 12 '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/redo12_stb01.log'size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 13 ' /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/redo13_stb01.log'size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 14 '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/redo14_stb01.log' size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$standby_log;
GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024

11      50
12      50
13      50
14      50

SQL>
3.2.5 修改參數(shù)文件
SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orclstd)'; ---主備庫唯一名，無先后順序
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orclstd LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orclstd' scope=spfile;
------此處的SERVICE是指到從庫的TNS名
--如果搭建延遲DG，加上DELAY=minutes，默認(rèn)30分鐘，啟動方式也不同
alter database recover managed standby database delay 1440 disconnect from session;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1='enable';
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='enable';
System altered.
SQL> alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl' scope=spfile;
------- db_file_name_convert是指數(shù)據(jù)文件路徑,此處設(shè)置了一樣的路徑,路徑名最后必須加上/
----------如果是集群的磁盤組就不用，例： DATA

System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/' scope=spfile;
---------日志路徑也設(shè)置成一致，路徑名最后必須加上/
----------如果是集群的磁盤組就不用，例： DATA
System altered.
SQL> alter system set fal_server='orclstd'; --備庫tns
-------與備庫設(shè)置相反
System altered.
SQL> alter system set fal_client='orcl'; --主庫tns
-------與備庫設(shè)置相反
System altered.
SQL> alter system set standby_file_management='AUTO';
System altered.
注意：上面修改的參數(shù)有的需要重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫才能生效，下面為重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫步驟
SQL> shutdown immediate
Databaseclosed.
Databasedismounted.
ORACLEinstance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLEinstance started.

TotalSystem Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
VariableSize 566231504 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 117440512 bytes
RedoBuffers 3031040 bytes
Databasemounted.
Databaseopened.
SQL>

3.2.6 修改監(jiān)聽配置文件br/>orcl:/home/oracle@orcl>vi/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
<="" a="">LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.186)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
注意：如果主庫上的監(jiān)聽之前已經(jīng)配置過，這里可以忽略該步驟。
~
~
3.2.7 修改TNS配置文件
orcl:/home/oracle@orcl>vi/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.186)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

orclstd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.187)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orclstd)
)
)
3.2.8 重啟監(jiān)聽服務(wù)
orcl:/home/oracle@orcl>lsnrctl stop
orcl:/home/oracle@orcl>lsnrctl start
3.2.9 拷貝參數(shù)文件
利用spfile創(chuàng)建pfile
create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.ora' from spfile;
將pfile拷貝到備庫
scp /home/oracle/pfile.ora 192.168.168.187:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
重命名pfile.ora為initorclstd.ora
3.2.10 拷貝密碼文件
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
scp orapworcl 192.168.168.187:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
3.3備庫配置
3.3.1 修改參數(shù)文件
以下是主庫參數(shù)文件：
orcl.db_cache_size=2113929216
orcl.java_pool_size=33554432
orcl.large_pool_size=50331648
orcl.oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.pga_aggregate_target=922746880
orcl.sga_target=2768240640
orcl.shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.shared_pool_size=536870912
orcl.streams_pool_size=0
.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
.audit_trail='db'
.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl'
.db_block_size=8192
.db_domain=''
.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
.db_name='orcl'
.db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flashdata'
.db_recovery_file_dest_size=16106127360
.db_unique_name='ORCL'
.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
.fal_client='ORCL'
.fal_server='ORCLSTD'
.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orclstd)'
.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orclstd LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orclstd'
.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
.log_archiveformat='%t%s_%r.dbf'
.log_file_name_convert='/home/oracle/flashdata/orclstd/onlinelog','/home/oracle/flashdata/orcl/onlinelog'
.open_cursors=300
.pga_aggregate_target=917504000
.processes=150
.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
.sga_target=2752512000
.standby_file_management='AUTO'
.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
以下是備庫參數(shù)文件：
orclstd.db_cache_size=3439329280
orclstd.java_pool_size=16777216
orclstd.large_pool_size=33554432
orclstd.oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orclstd.pga_aggregate_target=922746880
orclstd.sga_target=4294967296
orclstd.shared_io_pool_size=0
orclstd.shared_pool_size=771751936
orclstd.streams_pool_size=0
.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orclstd/adump'
.audit_trail='db'
.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstd/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orclstd/control02.ctl'
.db_block_size=8192
.db_domain=''
.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
.db_name='orcl'
.db_recovery_file_dest='/home/oracle/flashdata'
.db_recovery_file_dest_size=16106127360
.db_unique_name='ORCLSTD'
.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
.fal_client='ORCLSTD'
.fal_server='ORCL'
.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orclstd)'
.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl'
.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
.log_archiveformat='%t%s_%r.dbf'
.log_file_name_convert='/home/oracle/flashdata/orcl/onlinelog','/home/oracle/flashdata/orclstd/onlinelog'
.open_cursors=300
.pga_aggregate_target=917504000
.processes=150
.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
.sga_max_size=4294967296
.sga_target=4294967296
.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
3.3.2 修改密碼文件
修改之前從主庫拷貝過來的密碼文件，具體如下：
orclstd:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs@orclstd>mv orapworcl orapworclstd
3.3.3 創(chuàng)建相應(yīng)的文件目錄
根據(jù)上面修改的參數(shù)文件，為備庫創(chuàng)建相應(yīng)的文件目錄
orclstd:/home/oracle@orclstd>mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orclstd/adump
orclstd:/home/oracle@orclstd>mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstd/
orclstd:/home/oracle@orclstd>mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
orclstd:/home/oracle@orclstd>mkdir -p /home/oracle/flashdata
3.3.4 修改監(jiān)聽配置文件
orclstd:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin@orclstd>vi listener.ora
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.187)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orclstd)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orclstd)
)
)

3.3.5 修改TNS配置文件
orclstd:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin@orclstd>vi tnsnames.ora
具體如下：
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.186)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

orclstd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.168.187)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orclstd)
)
)

3.3.6 重啟監(jiān)聽服務(wù)
orclstd:/data/ORCLSTD@orclstd>lsnrctl stop
orclstd:/data/ORCLSTD@orclstd>lsnrctl start
3.3.7 啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫到nomount狀態(tài)
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorclstd.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
SQL> create spfile from pfile; #創(chuàng)建spfile
File created.
再次重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫
3.3.8 驗證監(jiān)聽和TNS配置
主庫上驗證:
orcl:/home/oracle@orcl>sqlplus sys/oracle@orcl as sysdba
SQLPlus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production onTue Jun 6 10:34:42 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11gEnterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
orcl:/home/oracle@orcl>sqlplus sys/oracle@orclstd as sysdba
SQLPlus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production onTue Jun 6 10:34:50 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
SQL>
備庫上驗證：
orclstd:/home/oracle@orclstd>sqlplus sys/oracle@orcl as sysdba
SQLPlus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production onTue Jun 6 11:05:01 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11gEnterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
orclstd:/home/oracle@orclstd>sqlplus sys/oracle@orclstd as sysdba
SQLPlus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production onTue Jun 6 11:05:05 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
SQL>
注意：該步驟一定要在主備庫上都能通過才能執(zhí)行下面步驟
3.3.9 恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫
在備庫執(zhí)行
rman target sys/oracle@主庫tns auxiliary sys/oracle@備庫tns
orclstd:/home/oracle@orclstd>rman target sys/oracle@orcl auxiliary sys/oracle@orclstd
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 -Production on Tue Jun 6 11:13:43 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL(DBID=3677012495)
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
具體執(zhí)行過程顯示如下：
Starting Duplicate Db at 2017/06/06 11:14:26
using target database control file insteadof recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=19 devicetype=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl' auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworclstd' ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 2017/06/06 11:14:29
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=43 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 2017/06/06 11:14:31
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/data/ORCLSTD/controlfile/o1_mfdm1flhj3.ctl';
sql clone "create spfile from memory";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
sql clone "alter system set control_files =
''/data/ORCLSTD/controlfile/o1_mfdm1flhj3.ctl'' comment=
''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 2017/06/06 11:14:32
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.ftag=TAG20170606T105032 RECID=5 STAMP=945946234
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2017/06/06 11:14:36
sql statement: create spfile from memory
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (notstarted)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/data/ORCLSTD/controlfile/o1_mfdm1flhj3.ctl''comment= ''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (notstarted)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standbydatabase
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_tempdm1fp4bs.tmp";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_systemdm1flxkw.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_sysauxdm1fnw5v.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1dm1foow9.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_usersdm1fqcrp.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_systemdm1flxkw.dbf" datafile
2auxiliary format
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_sysauxdm1fnw5v.dbf" datafile
3auxiliary format
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1dm1foow9.dbf" datafile
4auxiliary format
"/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_usersdm1fqcrp.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_tempdm1fp4bs.tmp in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 2017/06/06 11:15:06
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001name=/data/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_systemdm1flxkw.dbf
output filename=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_systemdm1flxkw.dbf tag=TAG20170606T105107
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002name=/data/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysauxdm1fnw5v.dbf
output filename=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_sysauxdm1fnw5v.dbf tag=TAG20170606T105107
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003name=/data/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1dm1foow9.dbf
output file name=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1dm1foow9.dbftag=TAG20170606T105107
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004name=/data/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_usersdm1fqcrp.dbf
output filename=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_usersdm1fqcrp.dbf tag=TAG20170606T105107
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 2017/06/06 11:18:07
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=945947890file name=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_systemdm1flxkw.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=945947890file name=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_sysauxdm1fnw5v.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=945947890file name=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1dm1foow9.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=945947890file name=/data/ORCLSTD/datafile/o1_mf_usersdm1fqcrp.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at2017/06/06 11:18:25
RMAN>
3.3.10 備庫開啟實時同步
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
如果是延遲DG，啟動語句，這里是延遲1440分鐘
alter database recover managed standby database delay 1440 disconnect from session;
3.3.11 開啟flashback
上面DataGuard搭建好之后，千萬不要忘了把備庫的flashback打開，具體如下：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel; #取消實時同步
Database altered.
SQL> shutdownimmediate #關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startupmount #打開到mount狀態(tài)
ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecatedparameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
Variable Size 566231504 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alterdatabase flashback on; #開始flashback
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open; #open數(shù)據(jù)庫
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; #開啟實時同步
Database altered.
3.4驗證DG同步
上面已經(jīng)把DataGurad搭建完，下面介紹如何驗證DataGuard是否能實時同步

1. 通過查看archive_log_dest_2列是否有error報錯，如果有報錯，則需要先根據(jù)報錯內(nèi)容解決問題
   SQL>col dest_name format a30
   SQL>col error format a20
   SQL>select dest_name,error from v$archive_dest;
   DEST_NAME ERROR

   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10
   LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_11

DEST_NAME ERROR

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_12
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_13
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_14
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_15
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_16
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_17
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_18
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_19
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_20
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_21
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_22
DEST_NAME ERROR

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_23
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_24
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_25
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_26
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_27
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_28
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_29
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_30
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_31
31rows selected.
SQL>
注意：上面顯示沒有報錯

2. 查詢主庫最大歸檔序號，一致即歸檔同步成功。
   主庫上執(zhí)行：
   SQL>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
   MAX(SEQUENCE#)

   132
   備庫上操作：
   SQL>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
   MAX(SEQUENCE#)

   132
   主庫上執(zhí)行日志切換
   SQL>alter system archive log current;
   Systemaltered.
   SQL>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
   MAX(SEQUENCE#)

   133
   SQL>
   備庫上再次驗證：
   SQL>select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
   MAX(SEQUENCE#)

   133
   SQL>

3. 查看主備庫狀態(tài)
   主庫上執(zhí)行：
   SQL>select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE

   TOSTANDBY PRIMARY
   備庫上執(zhí)行：
   SQL>select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE

   NOTALLOWED PHYSICAL STANDBY

4. 可以創(chuàng)建一個table進(jìn)行測試
   主庫上操作：
   SQL>create table dg(id number);
   Tablecreated.
   SQL>insert into dg values(1);
   1row created.
   SQL>commit;
   Commit complete.
   SQL>select * from dg;
   ID

   1
   備庫上操作：
   SQL>select * from dg;
   ID

   1
   SQL>
   上面說明DG是同步的。
   3.5DG切換與恢復(fù)
   我們配置DG的目的就是為了在主庫出現(xiàn)故障時，備庫能夠提供服務(wù)，保證業(yè)務(wù)的正常運行。DG的故障切換分為switchover和failover兩種:
   3.5.1 switchover
   switchover是用戶有計劃的進(jìn)行停機切換，能夠保證不丟失數(shù)據(jù)，下面我們來看下switchover是怎樣操作的：
   主庫上操作：
   SQL> select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE

   ---

   TO STANDBY PRIMARY
   SQL>
   注意：上面查詢結(jié)果為TO STANDBY 或 SESSIONS ACTIVE表明可以進(jìn)行切換
   SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;-- SESSIONS ACTIVE
   Database altered.
   SQL> startup mount
   ORACLE instance started.
   Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
   Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
   Variable Size 566231504 bytes
   Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
   Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
   Database mounted.
   SQL> select database_role from v$database;
   DATABASE_ROLE

   PHYSICAL STANDBY
   備庫上操作：
   SQL> select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE

   TO PRIMARY PHYSICAL STANDBY
   SQL>
   注意：上面查詢結(jié)果顯示為TO PRIMARY 或 SESSIONS ACTIVE表明可以切換成主庫；
   現(xiàn)在可以把備庫切換成主庫：
   SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;-------- SESSIONS ACTIVE
   Database altered.
   SQL> alter database open;
   Database altered.
   SQL> select switchover_status,database_role,open_mode from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE

   ---

   SESSIONS ACTIVE PRIMARY READ WRITE
   記?。哼@時候需要在現(xiàn)在的備庫（原先的主庫）開啟實時同步
   SQL> alter database open;
   Database altered.
   SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
   Database altered.
   到此DG switover切換完成，驗證方法同上。
   3.5.2 failover
   failover是當(dāng)主庫真正出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重系統(tǒng)故障，如數(shù)據(jù)庫宕機，軟硬件故障導(dǎo)致主庫不能支持服務(wù)，從而進(jìn)行的切換動作。
   注意：為了能夠在failover后能夠恢復(fù)DG,需要在主庫上開啟flashback，如果不開啟flashback的話，DG就可能需要重新搭建
   由于主庫已經(jīng)不可訪問，下面所有的操作都在備庫完成：
   SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel; #停止實時同步
   Database altered.
   SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish force;
   Database altered.
   SQL> select database_role from v$database;
   DATABASE_ROLE

   PHYSICAL STANDBY
   SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;
   Database altered.
   SQL> alter database open;
   Database altered.
   SQL> select switchover_status,database_role,open_mode from v$database;
   SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE

   ---

   RESOLVABLE GAP PRIMARY READ WRITE
   至此failover操作完成，原來的備庫已經(jīng)切換為主庫，可以給業(yè)務(wù)提供服務(wù)了。
   3.5.2 failover恢復(fù)
   備注：如果未開啟flashback，需要使用rman備份重新搭建ADG
   上面提到了failover，這種情形是當(dāng)主庫真正出現(xiàn)異常之后，才會執(zhí)行的操作，那么我們執(zhí)行過failover 之后，如何在重新構(gòu)建DG，這里我們利用flashback database來重構(gòu)，具體方法如下：
   在新的主庫上執(zhí)行：
   SQL> select to_char(standby_became_primary_scn) from v$database;
   TO_CHAR(STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN)

   977458
   在之前的主庫上，也就是現(xiàn)在的備庫上執(zhí)行下面的操作:
   SQL> startup mount
   ORACLE instance started.
   Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
   Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
   Variable Size 566231504 bytes
   Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
   Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
   Database mounted.
   SQL> flashback database to scn 977458; #這個值為在新主庫上查詢到的SCN值
   Flashback complete.
   SQL> alter database convert to physical standby;
   Database altered.
   SQL> shutdown immediate
   ORA-01507: database not mounted
   ORACLE instance shut down.
   SQL> startup
   ORACLE instance started.
   Total System Global Area 688959488 bytes
   Fixed Size 2256432 bytes
   Variable Size 566231504 bytes
   Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
   Redo Buffers 3031040 bytes
   Database mounted.
   Database opened.
   SQL> alterd atabase recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
   Database altered.
   SQL>
   到此failover 恢復(fù)已經(jīng)完成，關(guān)于如何驗證DG方法如上，這里不在介紹。