動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是英語考試必考內(nèi)容，很多同學(xué)在做題的時(shí)候很難判斷出時(shí)態(tài)類型，如果能用心記住這些英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞，那么在題目中看到它們的時(shí)候，你就能快速辨析出時(shí)態(tài)類型啦～ 以上文本添加奇速君微信：Qisuen0 獲取 巧用時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志 任何一種時(shí)態(tài)都有潛在的標(biāo)志，巧用這些標(biāo)志可以妙解時(shí)態(tài)試題。 一.巧用特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)，妙解進(jìn)行時(shí)試題 進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示某一特定動(dòng)作在特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作在過去某一特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行，這一過去特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)就是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)存在的標(biāo)志。過去特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)可由just now，at eight o’clock yesterday evening，just at that time，at the time，at this time yesterday等直接時(shí)間狀語和when，while，as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句體現(xiàn)，也可由上下文語境體現(xiàn)。 Did you see a man in black pass by just now?No，sir. I ____ a newspaper.A. readB. was readingC. would readD. am reading析：B。just now暗示空檔表達(dá)“剛才正在讀”的動(dòng)作概念，為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志，因此該空應(yīng)填was reading。 It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.Oh，don’t mention it. I ____ past your house anyway.A. was comingB. will comeC. had comeD. have come析：A。分析語境邏輯可知，空檔表達(dá)“剛才正路過”的動(dòng)作概念，為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，因此該空應(yīng)填was coming。 Is there anything wrong，Bob? You look sad.Oh，nothing much. In fact，I ____ of my friends back home. A. have just thoughtB. was just thinkingC. would just thinkD. will just be thinking析：B。分析語境邏輯可以推出空檔表達(dá)“剛才正在想念”的動(dòng)作概念，因此應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)?！ ?/section> 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行，因此現(xiàn)在這一特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)存在的標(biāo)志?，F(xiàn)在這一特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)常由now，at present等時(shí)間狀語或上下文語境體現(xiàn)。 What’s that terrible noise?The neighbors ____ for a party.A. have preparedB. are preparingC. prepareD. will prepare析：B。What’s that terrible noise?暗示鄰居此刻正在為晚會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備，它實(shí)際上是該句運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，因此該空應(yīng)填are preparing。 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作在將來某一特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行，因此將來某一特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)就是將來進(jìn)行時(shí)存在的標(biāo)志。將來某一特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)可由at six o’clock tomorrow morning，at this time tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語或上下文語境體現(xiàn)?！ ?/section> At this time tomorrow ____ over the Atlantic. A. we’re going to flyB. we’ll be flyingC. we’ll flyD. we’re to fly析：B。at this time tomorrow屬未來特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)，為將來進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志，因此該空應(yīng)填we’ll be flying。 二，巧用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)，妙解完成時(shí)試題 眾所周知，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在來說已經(jīng)完成，或發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，因此現(xiàn)在是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)，尋找這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以妙解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)試題。 Danny ____ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. worksB. is workingC. has workedD. worked析：C。and now he is popular表明Danny自過去某一時(shí)刻開始努力工作的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已有很長時(shí)間，因此該空應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 ____ you ____ him around the museum yet?Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have;shownB. Do;showC. Had;shownD. Did;show析：A。yet暗示問句表示“到現(xiàn)在為止你領(lǐng)他參觀了博物館嗎?”，因此空檔應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！ ?/section> 過去完成時(shí)表明某一動(dòng)作相對(duì)于過去某一特定時(shí)刻來說已經(jīng)完成，或發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)刻，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)為過去某一特定時(shí)刻，尋找這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以妙解過去完成時(shí)試題。 I ____ there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.A. would beB. have beenC. had beenD. will be析：C。分析語境邏輯可知，題干表示“開始和這個(gè)科學(xué)家工作時(shí)我已經(jīng)在那兒呆了一個(gè)星期多一點(diǎn)”，因此空檔應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。 Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?Yes，he did. He ____ his old friends for a long time.A. didn’t seeB. wouldn’t seeC. hasn’t seenD. hadn’t seen析：D。分析語境邏輯可知，該空表示“昨天以前沒有看到”，因此應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。 They became friends again that day. Until then，they ____ to each other for nearly two years. A. didn’t speakB. hadn’t spokenC. haven’t spokenD. haven’t been speaking析：B。由語境邏輯可以推出空檔表示“在became friends所表示的時(shí)間之前幾乎兩年沒有講話”，因此應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)?！ ?/section> 現(xiàn)在/過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示發(fā)生在過去某一特定時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在/過去另一特定時(shí)刻，并且在這段時(shí)間之內(nèi)動(dòng)作一直沒有停止過，因此現(xiàn)在/過去某一特定時(shí)刻也是現(xiàn)在/過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)。 I have got a headache.No wonder. You ____ in front of that computer too long.A. workB. are workingC. have been workingD. worked析：C。分析語境邏輯可知，空檔表示在到現(xiàn)在為止too long所體現(xiàn)的時(shí)間范圍之內(nèi)主人公工作的動(dòng)作一直沒有停止過，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?！ ?/section> The crazy fans ____ patiently for two hours，and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waitingB. had been waitingC. had waitedD. would wait析：B。由語境邏輯可以推出到would wait所體現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作為止瘋狂的影迷兩小時(shí)以來一直在耐心等待電影明星的到來，因此空檔應(yīng)用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School，where she ____ English for a year.A. studiesB. studiedC. is studyingD. has been studying析：D。從一年前到現(xiàn)在，Cathy學(xué)英語的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行著，因此空檔應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 三巧用未來時(shí)間標(biāo)志，妙解將來時(shí)試題 一般/過去將來時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作在現(xiàn)在/過去某一時(shí)刻的將來發(fā)生，因此分析語境邏輯尋找以現(xiàn)在/過去某一時(shí)刻為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的未來時(shí)間標(biāo)志，可以妙解一般/過去將來時(shí)試題。以現(xiàn)在為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的未來時(shí)間標(biāo)志可由tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，in a month，next year等時(shí)間狀語體現(xiàn)，也可由上下文語境體現(xiàn);以過去某一時(shí)刻為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的未來時(shí)間標(biāo)志可由the next month，after a week等時(shí)間狀語或上下文語境體現(xiàn)。How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we ____ what we can do for you.A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see析：D。由語境邏輯可以推出空檔表示“相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在來說將要看”，因此應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。 Tom，you didn’t come to the party last night?I ____，but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A. had toB. didn’tC. was going toD. wouldn’t析：C。由but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do的語境邏輯可以推出空檔表示“(相對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)刻來說)正準(zhǔn)備來”，因此應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)。 條件/時(shí)間狀語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在/過去時(shí)代替一般/過去將來時(shí);come，go，leave，arrive，start，fly，drive，open，close等動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般/過去將來時(shí)。 The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuadeB. will persuadeC. be persuadedD. are persuaded析：D。will be reduced表明空檔為一般將來時(shí)，但因所在句為條件狀語從句，因此應(yīng)由一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。 Because the shop ____，all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed downB. closed downC. is closing downD. had closed down析：C。由all the T-shirts are sold at half price可以推出空檔表示“(相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在來說)即將關(guān)閉”，因此可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。 四.巧用經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作標(biāo)志，妙解一般時(shí)試題 一般時(shí)往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，尋找現(xiàn)在/過去經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作標(biāo)志可以妙解一般現(xiàn)在/過去時(shí)。現(xiàn)在/過去經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作標(biāo)志常由always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never等表示時(shí)間的頻度副詞體現(xiàn)，也可以由上下文語境體現(xiàn);過去經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作標(biāo)志也可由last month，in 2000等過去性時(shí)間狀語體現(xiàn)。一般過去時(shí)也可以表示過去的一次性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks ____ so small that a day is unimportant. A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been析：A。空檔后面的is暗示空檔應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Has your father returned from Africa yet?Yes，but he ____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. A. wasB. has beenC. will beD. would be析：A。由before his company sent him to Australia的語境邏輯可以推出空檔表示“過去待在”，因此應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。 I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ____ there several years ago. A. are goingB. had beenC. wentD. have been析：C。several years ago為純粹過去時(shí)間狀語，因此空檔應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，表示過去一次性動(dòng)作。鞏固性練習(xí) 1. You should have come to my birthday party last night，but you didn’t.Oh，sorry. I ____ an important conference.A. was attending B. am attendingC. attendedD. have attended 2. Tom，where does the great noise come from?Don’t you know two classes ____ an important football match on the playground?A. are playing B. were playing C. playedD. had played 3. If you don’t go there to visit the local village，I ____，either.A. don’tB. didn’tC. won’tD. haven’t 4. I don’t know when they ____，but when they ____，I’ll tell them the news.A. will come，come B. come，will comeC. will come，will come D. come，come 5. What’s wrong with you? You look worn out.I ____ all the afternoon.A. am working B. have been workingC. had been working D. had worked 6. Why do you know her so well? It seems that you ____ her quite afew times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. meet 7. To be honest，I ____ of Mary before she was introduced to me.A. don’t hear B. didn’t hear C. haven’t heard D. hadn’t heard 8.Can I come to see you at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon?You’d better not，because I ____ my homework.A. will do B. do C. have done D. will be doing 9. Her sister wrote to tell me that she ____ from college the next month.A. will graduate B. would graduate C. is graduating D. had graduated 10. How long will it be before your father and mother ____ back from abroad?A. will come B. are coming C. come D. had come 11. The girl told me she wanted to relax herself because she ____ her exercises all the morning.A. has done B. has been doingC. had been doing D. was doing 12. I met your younger sister in the park yesterday.Oh，it’s strange. She ____ there much.A. doesn’t go B. didn’t go C. hasn’t gone D. hadn’t gone 13. Mary，have you seen this wonderful movie?Yes，of course. I ____ it on the evening of last Wednesday.A. have seen B. had seen C. saw D. was seeing 14. Tom，can you tell me something about this magazine?Why ____ it yet? I read it the day before yesterday.A. don’t you read B. didn’t you readC. haven’t you read D. hadn’t you read 15. The bus ____ very soon，so please get ready to get on it.A. is arriving B. was arriving C. has arrived D. had arrived 16.I finished my homework forty-five minutes ago.——Did you? I ____ my homework yet.A. didn’t finish B. hadn’t finishedC. don’t finish D. haven’t finished 17. As we all know，agriculture and industry ____ very fast all over our country.A. are developing B. were developingC. had developed D. had been developing 18. His mother ____ in America for a few days，before long，she flew to England for business.A. had stayed B. stay C. have stayed D. stayed 19. Hurry up，shall we? I’m sure our parents ____ for us anxiously.A. are waiting B. wait C. waited D. have waited 20. ——I phoned you at ten o’clock last night，but you didn’t answer me.——Oh，I’m sorry; I ____.A. am sleeping B. was sleepingC. have slept D. have been sleeping Key： 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.B 思維導(dǎo)圖故事速記小學(xué)800詞匯思維導(dǎo)圖故事速記初中1600詞匯24個(gè)故事串記高中3500詞匯
