See how the rest of the world lives, organized by income

演講者：Anna Rosling R?nnlund

簡介：一個住在瑞典的人是怎么刷牙的？一個住在盧旺達的人是怎么整理床鋪的？安娜·羅絲玲·洛恩侖想要我們知道真實情況，所以她派了攝影師到50個國家中的264家庭（這個數(shù)目還會增加?。┡臄z并記錄他們的爐灶、床鋪、廁所、玩具以及更多物品。這些家庭來自世界各地不同的收入階層。當你在看住在拉脫維亞、布基納法索或秘魯?shù)募彝ト绾芜^活的同時，羅絲玲·洛恩侖將為我們解釋視覺化數(shù)據(jù)的力量，并幫助我們更好的了解這個世界。

?? 中英對照翻譯

What images do we see from the rest of the world? We see natural disasters, war, terror. We see refugees, and we see horrible diseases. Right? We see beautiful beaches, cute animals, beautiful nature, cultural rites and stuff. And then we're supposed to make the connection in our head and create a world view out of this. And how is that possible? I mean, the world seems so strange. And I don't think it is. I don't think the world is that strange, actually.

我們能從世界的其他地方看見什么畫面？我們能看見天災，戰(zhàn)爭、恐怖活動。我們能看見難民，以及恐怖的疾病。對嗎?我們看見美麗的沙灘、可愛的動物、動人的大自然、各種文化儀式等。接下來我們應該在腦海里把這些串連起來，然后試著憑此創(chuàng)造一個世界觀。這怎么可能呢？我是指世界看似太奇怪了。但同時，我并不完全贊同這一點。其實，我覺得世界并非那么奇怪。

I've got an idea. So, imagine the world asa street, where the poorest live on one end and the richest on the other, and everyone in the world lives on this street. You live there, I live there, and the neighbors we have are the ones with the same income. People that live inthe same block as me, they are from other countries, other cultures, other religions. The street might look something like this. And I was curious. InSweden where I live, I've been meeting quite a lot of students. And I wanted toknow, where would they think they belong on a street like this?

我有一個想法。想象這個世界是一條街，街的一端住著最窮的人，另一端住著最富有的人，而世界的其他人則住在街道的中間。你住那兒，我也住那兒。我們的鄰居是那些跟我們有著相同收入的人。跟我住同一棟樓的，是來自其它國家、文化、宗教的人。這條街也許有著這樣的布局。我覺得很好奇。在我所住的瑞典，我與許多學生打過交道。我想要知道，他們覺得他們會在這條街上的哪一個地方呢？

So we changed these houses into people.This is the seven billion people that live in the world. And just by living in Sweden, most likely you belong there, which is the richest group. But thes tudents, when you ask them, they think they are in the middle. And how can you understand the world when you see all these scary images from the world, andyou think you live in the middle, while you're actually atop? Not very easy.

于是我們把房子替換成了人。這是住在地球上的70億人口。如果你住在瑞典的話，你很可能會在這兒，也就是最富有的一群。但是那些學生，當你問他們時，他們覺得他們在中間。你要怎么去了解這個世界，尤其是當你看見這些來自世界各地恐怖的畫面，你還覺得你是住在中間而不應該是在最上端的這一塊嗎?不太容易判斷。

So I sent out photographers to 264 homes in50 countries -- so far, still counting -- and in each home, the photographers take the same set of photos. They take the bed, the stove, the toys and about135 other things. So we have 40,000 images or something at the moment, and itlooks something like this.

所以我派了攝影師到50個國家的264個家庭——這個數(shù)字還在增加——在每個家庭里，攝影師會拍攝同樣一套照片。他們拍下床鋪、爐灶、玩具，還有135件其它物件。目前為止，我們有4萬多張相片，這就是它們的樣子。

Here we see, it says on the top,'Families in the world by income,' and we have the street represented just be neath it, you can see. And then we see some of the families we have visited. We have the poorer to the left, the richer to the right, and everybody else in between, as the concept says. 

這上面寫著，“世界家庭按收入分類，”就如你所看到的，下面標有他們代表的街道。然后我們看見一些我們探訪過的家庭。我們把比較窮的家庭排在左邊，比較富有的排在右邊，其他人則在中間，如同剛才的概念所說的。

We can go down and see the different families we have been to so far. Here, for instance, we have a family in Zimbabwe, one in India, one in Russia, and one in Mexico, for instance. So we can go around and look at the families this way. But of course, we can choose if we want to see some certain countries and compare them, or regions, or if wewant, to see other things.

我們可以一直往下看到目前為止所拍攝的所有不同的家庭。這里，舉個例子，有津巴布韋的家庭，印度的，俄羅斯的，還有墨西哥的，等等。所以我們可以用這樣的方式看看這些家庭。當然，我們也可以選擇看一些特定國家的照片，然后做比較，或按區(qū)域搜索，如果要看其它東西。

So let's go to the front doors and see what they look like. Go here, and this is the world by front doors, ordered by income. And we can see the big difference from India, Philippines, China,Ukraine, in these examples, for instance.

好，讓我們選擇前門，看看它們長什么樣子。這就是這個世界的前門，按收入排列的搜索結(jié)果。我們也可看見其間有很大差別，比如印度的、菲律賓的、中國的、烏克蘭的等等。

What if we go into the home? We can look at beds. This is what beds can look like. Doesn't look like the glossy magazines.Doesn't look like the scary images in the media. So remember that the studentsin Sweden, they thought they were in the middle of the world income. 

如果我們進入他們的家呢？我們可以選擇看看床鋪。這就是那些床鋪的樣貌。不像豪華雜志中那樣。也不像媒體那些恐怖的照片那樣。還記得那些瑞典的學生嗎？他們覺得他們位于世界收入的中間。

So let's go there. We zoom in here by filtering the street to the middle, like this, andthen I ask the students: Is this what your bedroom looks like? And they would actually not feel very at home. So we go down and see, do they feel more athome here? And they would say, no, this is not what a Swedish typical bedroom looks like. 

那么讓我們再來看看。我們選擇街道軸線，然后拉到中間，選擇中間的一小段，然后我問那些學生：你的臥室是這樣的嗎？他們覺得這些并不像他們的家。于是我們往下拉，再看看他們是否覺得跟他們家相似。他們說，不，這不是瑞典典型的臥室。

We go up here, and suddenly, they feel sort of at home.And we can see here in this image, we see bedrooms in China, Netherlands, South Korea,France and the United States, for instance. So we can click here. 

接著我們往上拉，突然間，他們覺得跟自己的家一樣了。我們可以在這些照片中看到，這些臥室有來自中國的、荷蘭的、韓國的、法國的和美國的等等。我們可以點擊這些圖片。

If we want to know more about the family, the home in which this bed stands, we can just click it and go to the family, and we can see all the images from that family.We can go this way, too. And of course, this is free for anyone to use. So justgo here, and please add more images, of course.

如果我們想要知道更多有關(guān)這個家庭、這張床所在的家，我們只需點進去，就可以了解那個家庭，也可以看見來自那個家庭的所有照片。任意瀏覽。當然，這些都是免費的。歡迎大家登陸這個網(wǎng)站，當然您也可以上傳照片。

My personal favorite that everyone always tries to make me not show, I'm going to show you now, and that's toilets,because you're not really allowed to look at people's toilets, but now we can just do it, right? So here we have a lot of toilets. They look pretty much as we're used to, right? 

我個人最喜歡的是每個人總是不想我展示的，而我現(xiàn)在就給你們看，那就是廁所，因為其實其他人都不準你看他們的廁所，但我們現(xiàn)在可以這么做，不是嗎？那么這里我們有很多廁所的照片。它們看起來都跟我們常用的類似，對嗎？

And they are in China, Netherlands, UnitedStates, Nepal and so forth, Ukraine, France. And they look pretty similar,right? But remember, we are in the top. So what about checking all the toilets?Now it looks a bit different, doesn't it?

這些照片來自中國、荷蘭、美國、尼泊爾等國家，還有烏克蘭、法國。它們看起來大同小異。但要記得，我們在街道最右側(cè)。如果我們看看所有的廁所呢？現(xiàn)在看起來有點不同了是吧？

So this way we can visually browse through categories of imagery, using photos as data. But not everything works as a photo. Sometimes it's easier to understand what people do, so we also do videos nippets of everyday activities, such as washing hands, doing laundry, brushingteeth, and so on. And I'm going to show you a short snippet of tooth-brushing,and we’re going to start at the top.

這樣我們就可以通過視覺瀏覽不同類別的畫面，以照片為數(shù)據(jù)。但不是每一件事都能用照片來呈現(xiàn)。有時我們可以通過他們的所作所為來了解他們，所以我們也以短片的形式錄下他們的日?；顒?，如洗手、洗衣服、刷牙等等。我將為你們顯示刷牙的短片，我們將從街道最右端開始。

So we see people brushing their teeth.Pretty interesting to see the same type of plastic toothbrush is being used inall these places in the same way, right? Some are more serious than others –but still, the toothbrush is there. Andthen, coming down to this poorer end, then we will see people start usingsticks, and they will sometimes use their finger to brush their teeth. 

我們可以看見他們在刷牙。有趣的是，我們看到這些地方用的都是同樣的塑料牙刷、同樣的方法，對嗎？有些刷得比其他人更認真——但是他們都用著牙刷。然后，我們來到左端比較貧窮的地區(qū)，我們將看見他們開始用樹枝，而有些則用手指來刷牙。

So this particular woman in Malawi, when she brushes her teeth, she scrapes some mudoff from her wall and she mixes it with water, and then she's brushing.Therefore, in the Dollar Street material, we have tagged this image not only asher wall, which it is, but also as her tooth paste, because that is also what she uses it for. 

這個來自馬拉維的女人，當她刷牙時，會從墻上刮下一些泥土，然后加點水，就這樣刷牙。于是，在《金錢街道》這個網(wǎng)站的素材中，我們不但把這個畫面的標簽設置為她的墻壁，也設置為她的牙膏，因為她就是把它當牙膏用。

So we can say, in the poorer end of the street, you will use astick or your finger, you come to the middle, you will start using a toothbrush,and then you come up to the top, and you will start using one each. Prettynice, not sharing a toothbrush with your grandma.

所以我們可以說，這條街比較窮的這一端，你會用樹枝或手指刷牙，你來到中間這兒的時候，你就開始使用牙刷，然后在最富有的這端，每個人就會開始有自己的一支。不需要跟你的奶奶共用牙刷實在是太美妙了。

And you can also look at some countries.Here, we have the income distribution within the US, most people in the middle.We have a family we visited in the richer end, the Howards. We can see theirhome here. And we also visited a family in the poorer end, down here. And thenwhat we can do now is we can do instant comparisons of things in their homes.Let's look in their cutlery drawer. 

你也可以看看一些國家。這是美國的收入分布曲線，大多數(shù)人都在中間。我們探訪了一些比較富有的家庭，如霍華德一家。這里我們可以看到他們的房子。我們也探訪了比較貧窮的這一端的家庭，在這里。然后我們現(xiàn)在可以做的是拿他們各自家里的物件做即時比較。我們看看他們的餐具抽屜。

So, observe the Hadleys: they have alltheir cutlery in a green plastic box. and they have a few different types andsome of them are plastic, while the Howards, they have this wooden drawer with small wooden compartments in it and a section for each type of cutlery. We canadd more families, and we can see kitchen sinks, or maybe living rooms.

注意哈德雷家的：他們所有的餐具都放在一個綠色的塑料盒子內(nèi)，餐具的類型千差萬別，有些還是塑料的，而霍華德的家中，他們則設置了這個木質(zhì)抽屜，還專門分了區(qū)，每個格子只存放同一類別的餐具。我們也可加入更多家庭，比較他們的廚房水槽，或者是客廳。

Of course, we can do the same in other countries. So we go to China, we pick three families. we look at their houses,we can look at their sofas, we can look at their stoves. And when you see these stoves, I think it's obvious that it's a stupid thing that usually, when wethink about other countries, we think they have a certain way of doing things.But look at these stoves. 

當然，我們也可以去其它國家做相同的事。我們?nèi)ブ袊x三個家庭，看看他們的房子，可以看到他們的沙發(fā)，他們的爐灶。當你看這些爐灶時，我認為，很明顯，有一種愚昧的想法，就是通常當我們想起其它國家時，我們會覺得那個國家的人都以特定的方式做事。但看看這些爐灶。

Very different, right, because it depends on whatincome level you have, how you're going to cook your food. But the cool thingis when we start comparing across countries. So here we have China and the US.See the big overlap between these two. So we picked the two homes we haveal ready seen in these countries, the Wus and the Howards. 

很不一樣是吧，那是因為爐灶會因收入階級而改變，相應改變的還有烹調(diào)食物的方法。但是當我們開始比較不同的國家時，會發(fā)生更有趣的事情。比如中國和美國。這兩個國家有一大部分是重疊的。我們選了這兩個國家中已經(jīng)探訪過的兩個家庭，吳家和霍華德家庭。

Standing in their bedroom, pretty hard to tell which one is China and which one is the US, right?Both have brown leather sofas, and they have similar play structures. Mostlikely both are made in China, so, I mean, that's not very strange –but that issimilar.

站在他們的臥室內(nèi)，很難分別哪間是中國的，哪間是美國的，對不對？他們都有褐色的皮質(zhì)沙發(fā)，他們有相似的游樂場。很有可能兩套都是中國制造，我想說的是——它們看起來相似就不足為奇了。

We can of course go down to the other endof the street, adding Nigeria. So let's compare two homes in China and Nigeria.Looking at the family photos, they do not look like they have a lot in common,do they? But start seeing their ceiling. They have a plastic shield and grass.They have the same kind of sofa, they store their grain in similar ways,they're going to have fish for dinner, and they're boiling their water inidentical ways. 

我們當然也可下到這條街的另一端，加入尼日利亞?，F(xiàn)在我們來比較一下分別來自中國和尼日利亞的兩個家庭?？纯此麄兊娜腋＃麄兛雌饋頉]有很多共同點，對嗎？但我們先看看他們的樓頂。都有塑料的擋板和干草。他們有同樣的沙發(fā)，以類似的方式存放干糧，晚餐都吃魚，還用一模一樣的方式燒水。

So if we would visit any of these homes, there's a huge riskthat we would say we know anything about the specific way you do things in China or Nigeria, while, looking at this, it's quite obvious -- this is how youdo things on this income level. That is what you can see when you go through the imagery in Dollar Street.

所以如果我們有機會探訪這樣的任何一個家庭，我們很有可能會說，我們知道中國人或尼日利亞人都以特定的方法做事，而其實，很明顯的，我們看到——這是你身處這個收入階級的生活方式。這就是你瀏覽《金錢街道》時所能看到的畫面。

So going back to the figures, the seven billion people of the world, now we're going to do a quick recap. We're goingto look at comparisons of things in the poorest group: beds, roofs, cooking.And observe, in all these comparisons, their homes are chosen so they are incom pletely different places of the world. But what we see is pretty identical.

好，回到這些數(shù)字，全世界70億人口，現(xiàn)在我們簡單地重述要點。我們將會比較最窮那群人所擁有的東西：床鋪、屋頂、烹飪方式。仔細觀察，這些對比中，我們特意選擇這些房子，因為它們坐落于世界完全不同的地區(qū)。但我們看見的都大同小異。

So the poorest billion cooking would look somewhat the same in these twoplaces; you might not have shoes; eating, if you don't have a spoon; storing salt would be similar whether you're in Asia or in Africa; and going to thetoilet would be pretty much the same experience whether you're in Nigeria orNepal.

所以最窮那十幾億人的烹飪方式會跟這兩個地區(qū)的差不多；你可能沒有鞋子穿；用手進食，如果你沒有湯匙；儲存食鹽的方式也很相似，無論你在亞洲還是非洲；另外，你上廁所的體驗也會十分相似，不管你是在尼日利亞還是尼泊爾。

In the middle, we have a huge group of fivebillion, but here we can see you will have electric light, most likely; you will no longer sleep on the floor; you will store your salt in a container; you will have more than one spoon; you will have more than one pen; the ceiling isno longer leaking that much; you will have shoes; you might have a phone, toys,and produce waste.

位于中間的是很大的人口規(guī)模，有五十億，但這里我們可以看見你很有可能會有電燈；你不再睡在地上；你會把鹽存放在容器里；你會有好幾把湯匙；會有幾只筆；天花板不再漏那么多水；你會有鞋子穿；可能還會有手機、玩具、以及生產(chǎn)垃圾。

Coming to our group up here, similar shoes,Jordan, US. We have sofas, fruits, hairbrushes, bookshelves, toilet paper inTanzania, Palestine, hard to distinguish if we would sit in US, Palestine orTanzania from this one. Vietnam, Kenya: wardrobes, lamps, black dogs, floors,soap, laundry, clocks, computers, phones, and so on, right?

來到街道最右端，相似的鞋子，約旦的和美國的。相似的沙發(fā)、水果、梳子、書架、廁紙，在坦桑尼亞和巴勒斯坦，很難通過這個加以分辨我們是坐在美國，巴勒斯坦還是坦桑尼亞的廁所。越南，肯尼亞：衣櫥、燈、黑狗、地板、肥皂、洗衣機、時鐘、電腦、手機等等，看到了吧？

So we have a lot of similarities all overthe world, and the images we see in the media, they show us the world is avery, very strange place. But when we look at the Dollar Street images, they donot look like that. So using Dollar Street, we can use photos as data, andcountry stereotypes -- they simply fall apart. So the person staring back at usfrom the other side of the world actually looks quite a lot like you. And thatimplies both a call to action and a reason for hope.

在世界各地我們都能找到相似之處，我們在媒體所看到的畫面向我們顯現(xiàn)的世界是個非常非常奇怪的地方。而當我們看看《金錢街道》上的圖片時，世界就呈現(xiàn)出了真實的樣子。所以通過《金錢街道》，我們可以用圖片為數(shù)據(jù)，而有關(guān)某個國家的偏見——將站不住腳。那些從世界另一端凝視我們的人其實和我們很相似。這表示雙方都可以追求夢想，都可以擁有希望。

Thank you. (Applause)

謝謝。（掌聲）