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為忠貞的友情丈量生命,品讀經(jīng)典童話故事
閱讀是我們獲取知識(shí)、陶冶個(gè)性的重要手段.
今天，我們一起來品讀美國(guó)作家埃爾文·布魯克斯·懷特（E· B· White）1952年發(fā)表的經(jīng)典童話故事《夏洛的網(wǎng)》（Charlotte’s Web）. 這部童話故事被翻譯成20多種文字，在全球發(fā)行5000多萬冊(cè)，名列美國(guó)十佳兒童文學(xué)名著榜首. 這部童話故事老少皆宜，簡(jiǎn)單來說，是一個(gè)挽救無辜動(dòng)物的生命的故事，從更廣闊的角度而言，則塑造了一個(gè)關(guān)于生命、死亡、友誼、語言的力量等的更大的故事.一天，當(dāng)8歲的小姑娘費(fèi)恩.阿拉布爾聽到家里剛出生小豬幼崽因?yàn)樯跣∫弧跋簟睍r(shí)非常震驚、極力阻攔，成功說服了父親留住小豬的性命，并給他取名威爾伯加以精心照料. 費(fèi)恩的父親阿拉布爾先生清楚豬長(zhǎng)大后要被宰掉吃肉，因此在小豬威爾伯長(zhǎng)大一點(diǎn)后便把他賣給了費(fèi)恩的舅舅農(nóng)場(chǎng)主朱克曼.雖然費(fèi)恩一有空就去農(nóng)場(chǎng)看望威爾伯，但是這頭小豬還是感到很孤單，并嘗試和谷倉里其他的動(dòng)物們交朋友. 谷倉里歡樂的動(dòng)物們教天真的小豬認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)世界. 很快，小豬威爾伯交到了他生命中最重要的朋友——蜘蛛夏洛.小豬威爾伯在谷倉里平靜而愉快的生活節(jié)奏被老山羊帶來的可怕消息打破了：小豬威爾伯恐怕難逃圣誕節(jié)前被農(nóng)場(chǎng)主朱克曼宰掉吃肉的宿命. 小豬威爾伯即刻陷入苦惱絕望，直到好朋友蜘蛛夏洛向他承諾他不會(huì)死. 蜘蛛夏洛提出一個(gè)聰明的計(jì)劃，她開始在蛛網(wǎng)上織出“some pig”“terrific”“radiant”的字樣. 農(nóng)場(chǎng)主朱克曼被蛛網(wǎng)上顯示文字震驚，開始相信自己擁有的是一頭真正特別的豬. 小豬威爾伯名聲遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)，人們從各地趕來參觀這一奇跡. 小豬威爾伯的命運(yùn)開始扭轉(zhuǎn)。農(nóng)場(chǎng)主朱克曼帶小豬威爾伯到集市上參賽. 小豬威爾伯說服了蜘蛛夏洛一同前往，并創(chuàng)造了最后的成名時(shí)刻. 蜘蛛夏洛自我超越，在網(wǎng)上織出了“humble”（謙虛）的字樣，完美地詮釋了小豬威爾伯. 至此，小豬威爾伯在所有人眼中都成為一頭特別的豬，并在大賽中奪冠. 蜘蛛夏洛和小豬威爾伯終于可以松口氣，因?yàn)樗麄兘K于證明了小豬威爾伯的特別，他再也不用被屠宰來做培根了.在集市上，蜘蛛夏洛產(chǎn)卵的時(shí)間到了，她開始變得越來越虛弱，無法回到農(nóng)場(chǎng). 在老鼠坦普爾頓的幫助下，小豬威爾伯成功地將蜘蛛夏洛的卵囊運(yùn)回農(nóng)場(chǎng)，拯救了蜘蛛夏洛所有的孩子. 悲傷的是，蜘蛛夏洛在集市廣場(chǎng)上結(jié)束了自己的生命，但小豬威爾伯為等待蜘蛛寶寶們孵化而感到安慰. 春天來了，卵很快孵化，許多蜘蛛寶寶離開了谷倉去尋找合適的地方織網(wǎng)。暖心的是，蜘蛛夏洛其中三個(gè)女兒喜歡小豬威爾伯，選擇留在谷倉陪伴他.很少有故事會(huì)像《夏洛的網(wǎng)》這樣把蜘蛛作為主要人物之一. 事實(shí)上，許多人害怕蜘蛛，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)就會(huì)千方百計(jì)想要?dú)⑺浪? 正如蜘蛛夏洛在故事里雄辯指出：蜘蛛能將果蠅的量控制在可控范圍之內(nèi)，對(duì)環(huán)境的維持頗有裨益. 蜘蛛夏洛本人就是所謂的谷倉蜘蛛. 她的全名是Charlotte A. Cavatica，源于谷倉蜘蛛的學(xué)名Araneus cavaticus. 在故事的最后，蜘蛛夏洛的其中一個(gè)女兒自稱Aranea，與該種蜘蛛分類的順序有關(guān). 谷倉蜘蛛是夜間活動(dòng)的黃色和棕色蜘蛛，腿部有條紋. 它每天晚上都會(huì)拆除蛛網(wǎng)并重建另一個(gè)網(wǎng).
蜘蛛的壽命差不多一兩季，和人類比較起來幾乎是眨眼一瞬間. 童話故事里的谷倉蜘蛛夏洛在其短暫的生命中，與小豬威爾伯締結(jié)友誼，忠誠(chéng)于友誼，當(dāng)小豬威爾伯面臨被屠宰的宿命而驚恐絕望時(shí)，她堅(jiān)定地表示“你不會(huì)死，我救你！” 她是這么說的，也是這么做的，憑借智慧和辛勞，一次又一次地在豬欄上用自己的絲在網(wǎng)上織出文字，被人類視為奇跡，拯救了朋友的性命. 在生命走到盡頭時(shí)，擁有云淡風(fēng)輕的從容，向朋友吐露心聲，認(rèn)為通過幫助小豬威爾伯，自己的生命價(jià)值也得到了提升：“You have been my friend,” replied Charlotte. “That in itself is a tremendous thing, I wove my webs for you because I liked you. After all, what’s a life, anyway? We’re born, we live a little while, we die. A spider’s life can’t help being something of a mess, with all this trapping and eating flies. By helping you, perhaps I was trying to lift up my life a trifle. Heaven knows anyone’s life can stand a little of that.”“A little tired, perhaps. But I feel peaceful. Your success in the ring this morning was, to a small degree, my success. Your future is assured. You will live, secure and safe, Wilbur. Nothing can harm you now. These autumn days will shorten and grow cold. The leaves will shake loose from the trees and fall. Christmas will come, then the snows of winter. You will live to enjoy the beauty of the frozen world, for you mean a great deal to Zukerman and he will not harm you, ever. Winter will pass, the days will lengthen, the ice will melt in the pasture pond. The song sparrow will return and sing, the frogs will awake, the warm wind will blow again. All these sights and sounds and smells will be yours to enjoy, Wilbur—this lovely world, these precious days…”從這里可以看到，蜘蛛夏洛帶著勞累后的疲倦，但有為自己做成事情而感到的欣慰；有為即將離開人世的淡淡憂傷，卻有對(duì)朋友能夠繼續(xù)活下去的真誠(chéng)祝福，有對(duì)生活對(duì)朋友的無限依戀.而當(dāng)她用盡力氣揮動(dòng)前腿和朋友再見后，也走到了生命的終點(diǎn).沒有人知道一只灰蜘蛛曾經(jīng)起過最重要的作用。在她死的時(shí)候，沒有任何誰陪在她身邊.“Good-bye!” She whispered. Then she summoned all her strength and waved one of her front legs at him.She never moved again. Next day, as the Ferris wheel being taken apart and the race horses were being leaded into vans and the entertainers were packing up their belongings and driving away in their trailers, Charlotte died. The Fair Grounds were soon deserted. The sheds and buildings were empty and forlorn. The infield was littered with bottles and trash. Nobody, of the hundreds of people that had visited the Fair, knew that a grey spider had played the most important part of all. No one was with her when she died.讀到這段不禁令人淚目. 然而，蜘蛛夏洛并不孤單. 她費(fèi)盡心力拯救了朋友小豬威爾伯的生命，擁有了最珍貴的友情，小豬威爾伯在她生命彌留之際傳承了這份情誼，用自己的方式獲得老鼠坦普爾頓的協(xié)助，成功地將蜘蛛夏洛的卵囊?guī)Щ毓葌}，了卻了她生前的心愿. 蜘蛛夏洛短暫的生命是一次偉大的修行，她毫無保留付出真心的愛，是對(duì)最為珍貴和純真友情的終極詮釋.小豬威爾伯因?yàn)榕c蜘蛛夏洛的這段友誼，從一開始的得悉被宰殺宿命時(shí)只會(huì)尖叫哭泣，到隨著蜘蛛夏洛編織出的文字竭盡所能表現(xiàn)，再到最后勇敢地救下蜘蛛夏洛的孩子們，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)成長(zhǎng).《夏洛的網(wǎng)》語言凝練鮮明、幽默生動(dòng)、極具感染力. 以下摘取部分，一起來欣賞吧~ 【 Frank 下雨天 】.mp3 來自英語說HernelEnglishSchool 00:00 01:31 下雨天
在一個(gè)陰郁的雨天，小豬威爾伯第一次感到了孤單失落，極度渴望友情。一起來看看作者筆下勾勒出的雨天景象吧. The next day was rainy and dark. Rain fell on the roof of the barn and dripped steadily from the eaves. Rain fell in the barnyard and ran in crooked courses down into the lane where thistles and pigweed grew. Rain spattered against Mrs. Zukerman’s kitchen windows and came gushing out of the downspouts. Rain fell on the backs of the sheep as they gazed in the meadow. When the sheep tired of standing in the rain, they walked slowly up the lane and into the fold. 一連串的動(dòng)詞和介詞搭配，fall on，drip from，fall in，run down into，spatter against，come gushing out of勾勒出雨天里雨珠或滴落、或敲打、或匯流等畫面，似乎一曲交響樂一樣，雨天的景象和聲音躍然紙上. 【 Frank 一頭歡快的豬 】.mp 來自英語說HernelEnglishSchool 00:00 00:35 一頭歡快的豬 小豬威爾伯在鵝的鼓動(dòng)下逃出谷倉，作者用一系列的動(dòng)詞描寫初享自由的他. He gave a jump in the air, twirled, ran a few steps, stopped, looked all around, sniffed the smells of afternoon, and then set off walking down through the orchard. Pausing in the shade of an apple tree, he put his strong snout into the ground and began pushing, digging, and rooting. He felt very happy. He had plowed up quite a piece of ground before anyone noticed him.
【 Frank 靜謐夜晚 】.mp3 來自英語說HernelEnglishSchool 00:00 01:37 靜謐夜晚 小豬威爾伯初次聽到蜘蛛夏洛跟他說愿意和他做朋友，在安靜的夜晚焦急又不得不耐心等待天亮。配合小豬威爾伯的心境觀察到安靜夜晚中各種細(xì)微的聲音.
A dozen times during the night Wilbur woke and stared into the blackness, listening to the sounds and trying to figure out what time it was. A barn is never perfectly quiet. Even at midnight there is usually something stirring. The first time he woke, he heard Templeton gnawing a hole in the grain bin. Templeton’s teeth scraped loudly against the wood and made quite a racket. … The second time Wilbur woke, he heard the goose turning on her nest and chuckling to herself. About half an hour before dawn, Wilbur woke and listened. The barn was still dark. The sheep lay motionless. Even the goose was quiet. Overhead, on the main floor, nothing stirred: the cows were resting, the horses dozed. Templeton had quit work and gone off somewhere on an errand. The only sound was a slight scraping noise from the rooftop, where the weather-vane swung back and forth. Wilbur loved the barn when it was like this—calm and quiet, waiting for light. 請(qǐng)?zhí)D(zhuǎn)至下一篇
經(jīng)典童話故事Ⅱ
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