加拿大圣勞倫斯灣位于加拿大東南部的大西洋海灣。在圣勞倫斯河口東南,是一個(gè)寬廣而幾乎被陸地包圍的水域,僅東圣勞倫斯灣端由Belle Isle Strait/貝爾島海峽和Cabot Strait/卡博特海峽與大西洋相連。海灣西起圣勞倫斯河河口,北到貝爾島海峽,南至卡博特海峽。平均水深127米,最大水深572米。受拉布拉多寒流影響,水溫極低。鹽分約12‰-32‰。12月至次年4月浮冰威脅灣內(nèi)和兩個(gè)海峽航運(yùn)。位于高緯度,氣溫有明顯的季節(jié)變化,冬季時(shí)氣溫可降至零下30℃,海灣水溫大約零下1.8℃左右,完全冰封。夏季時(shí)海灣水溫升至11℃,3月下旬灣內(nèi)浮冰開始解凍。來自被大西洋和北冰洋的海水和流冰涌入海灣,形成灣內(nèi)逆時(shí)針方向?yàn)沉?,并通過Cabot海峽泄出。海灣中有大量浮冰是其突出特色。V1806航次,本輪由Rotterdam前往加拿大圣勞倫斯灣內(nèi)Port Cartier港裝載精鐵礦粉,之前曾在6月份在Sepitles港裝載過同種貨物。本航次冬季灣內(nèi)靠泊受載,對(duì)船舶、人員和機(jī)械在極寒條件下工況的一大考驗(yàn)和挑戰(zhàn)。冬季從Rotterdam前往圣勞倫斯灣航線易受北大西洋低壓影響多變,此時(shí)北大西洋低壓較多,航線分為南北航線可選擇(冬季海況不佳)。- 北航線:Rotterdam-North of UK-Belle Isle strait-PortCartier,該航線優(yōu)點(diǎn)航程最短,約2790海里。缺點(diǎn)是進(jìn)入1月份后,Bella Isle Strait將逐漸出現(xiàn)浮冰,將隨時(shí)間加重。進(jìn)入2月后將逐漸完全冰封,不適合安全航行。如北部氣溫驟降,可能會(huì)遇到南下冰山,雖可能性較小。但此處航行時(shí)需特別注意和及時(shí)收取冰清報(bào)告或請(qǐng)求海務(wù)信息支持。
- 南航線: English channel-Cabot strait-Port Cartier,此航線優(yōu)點(diǎn)1月前無浮冰,進(jìn)入1月后,浮冰有所增加,但一般在4/10之下,而且僅限沿岸和狹窄水道。此航程約為3100海里。
北美港口的亞洲飛蛾檢查是非常嚴(yán)格的。在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期間掛靠相關(guān)區(qū)域內(nèi)港口的船舶,到達(dá)北美港口至少96小時(shí)前需將近兩年previous ports of call和有效的AGM證書發(fā)給當(dāng)?shù)卮恚ㄞD(zhuǎn)交AGM office)或直接發(fā)給AGM Office。West coast: BC.AGM@inspection. or Fax to 604-666-1156East coast: AGM.Atlantic@inspection. or Fax to 902-426-5147- 如未在附錄中高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期間??肯鄳?yīng)港口,AGM證書是長期有效的。有效期至下次高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期內(nèi)船舶停靠相應(yīng)港口。
- 加拿大港口AGM檢查分為高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期和低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期(與美國相比,有所寬松),船舶在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期內(nèi)(西海岸3月1日和東海岸3月15日至9月15日)??考幽么蟾劭冢仨毺峁﹥赡暌陨系膒orts of call和有效的AGM檢查證書(如AGM證書無效,將不允許船舶進(jìn)入加拿大水域或前往指定港口進(jìn)行AGM檢查)。如在低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期(9月15日至次年西海岸3月1日和東海岸3月15日)??考幽么?,也需提供Ports of call和AGM證書(如AGM證書無效,船舶亦會(huì)被允許進(jìn)入加拿大水域,最終以代理確認(rèn)為準(zhǔn))。
- 指定的AGM檢查港口分布較少,船舶勢必繞航前往,將對(duì)船東和租家利益造成損失。所以在知悉可能的航次信息時(shí)應(yīng)及時(shí)自查AGM證書有效情況,如有疑問及時(shí)詢問海務(wù)或租家。如在低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)期內(nèi)??考幽么螅覠o有效AGM證書,需在離港前取得加拿大代理確認(rèn)信息,并copy給租家和船東。按照Chart Party條款,AGM檢查費(fèi)用由租家承擔(dān)。但保證前往加拿大前的AGM證書有效性,首要責(zé)任是船上。如因未及時(shí)告知或提醒租家導(dǎo)致未及時(shí)進(jìn)行AGM證書更新,而牽扯到繞航檢查,勢必造成OFF-HIRE。
Western Canadian ports: March1-September 15Eastern Canadian ports: March 15-September 15 此為2013年開始實(shí)行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以后可能根據(jù)氣候變化進(jìn)行調(diào)整。如有調(diào)整時(shí),代理會(huì)及時(shí)通知。國際海事組織IMO于2010年5月13日發(fā)布通函“INFORMATION ON NOTTH AMERICAN EMISSION CONTROL AREA(ECA),MEPC.1/Circ.723”。北美海岸線包括美國200海里以內(nèi),到加州最近岸線包括各島嶼外側(cè)24海里以外的區(qū)域內(nèi),船舶必須使用硫含量不超過0.1%的燃油。該規(guī)定于2015年1月1日生效。但是,如果由于一些特殊原因,駛往加拿大或美國的船舶無法添加低硫燃油,而不能遵守低硫控制區(qū)(ECA)的要求,船東必須出示證明,證明船東已經(jīng)采取了獲得低硫燃油的嘗試而未果,美國和加拿大將針對(duì)船舶不符合低硫控制區(qū)要求一事,采取一事一議的方式,考慮是否對(duì)船舶開具罰單。ECRC Eastern Canada Response Corp/東部加拿大港專用防油污協(xié)議WCMRC Western Canada Response Corp/西部加拿大港專用防污協(xié)議作用類似中國SPRO和美國QI,有效期為一年。由船東負(fù)責(zé)相關(guān)證書更新和費(fèi)用,進(jìn)入加拿大水域前必須持有。Transport Canada對(duì)于驗(yàn)艙的要求很高,船舶需謹(jǐn)慎仔細(xì)備艙。應(yīng)充分考慮到冬季北大西洋惡劣天氣的影響,卸貨期間可安排人員提前清理(歐洲國家卸貨一般不會(huì)很干凈)。特別注意貨倉污水井的清理和污水井蓋的放置,此貨物為粉末狀且含水量較大,運(yùn)輸途中需每天排水并記錄。也需防止貨物流入污水井,如貨物進(jìn)入污水井,清理工作將是噩夢。驗(yàn)艙人員通過船中g(shù)angway或引水梯登離(只放置鋁梯),梯子必須安置安全網(wǎng)。拖輪通過自帶簡易梯搭在船梯上下。進(jìn)入加拿大水域前,船舶需持有CBSA分配的Canadian carrier code(船舶運(yùn)輸代碼-數(shù)字和字母組成的四位代碼)。此code由租家提供,收悉后轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給代理。Pre-Arrival Information Report/PAIR-至少提前96小時(shí)發(fā)送給代理或相關(guān)OfficeECAREG report-至少提前24小時(shí)發(fā)送給hlxecareg@innav. - 靠泊報(bào)(All line made fast)
- 離港報(bào)(提前2小時(shí)發(fā)送)
- 離開VTS區(qū)域報(bào)(The line between Cape Ray and Cape North/Cabot)
離最近陸地200海里以上,其它規(guī)定與美國等國家壓載水更換要求一樣。應(yīng)特別注意抵港前空壓載艙沖刷操作,加拿大建議抵港時(shí)的空艙需進(jìn)行沖刷,具體步驟如下:- 空艙壓入7%-20%/total capacity并高于30cm的壓載水。
- 壓載水留在空艙內(nèi)4-6小時(shí),使其能充分與殘留淤泥等混合。
Atlanticballastwater@tc. / 加拿大壓載水報(bào)告中單位為ppt- 圣勞倫斯灣內(nèi)Right WhaleProtection Zone
圣勞倫斯灣是全球5個(gè)最佳賞鯨地點(diǎn)之一,可想而知鯨魚之多,露脊鯨生殖和產(chǎn)子均會(huì)在冬季時(shí)進(jìn)行,所以喜好在圣勞倫斯灣內(nèi)活動(dòng)。灣內(nèi)劃有露脊鯨Right Whale的保護(hù)區(qū),在規(guī)定季節(jié)期限內(nèi),所有超過20米的船舶在該保護(hù)區(qū)中航行時(shí),需將船舶對(duì)地速度降至10節(jié)以下,直至最終駛離該保護(hù)區(qū)(任何違反該規(guī)定的行為,將被處以最高2,5000加幣罰款)。如發(fā)現(xiàn)right whale蹤跡、被網(wǎng)等纏住、死亡、受傷等情況時(shí),應(yīng)及時(shí)通知Traffic。每年保護(hù)區(qū)范圍可能有所微調(diào):- 固定減速區(qū)(粉紅區(qū)域):自2019年4月28日起至11月15日,所有總長超過(含)20米的船舶在圣勞倫斯港西部、安提科斯提島附近指定區(qū)域內(nèi)以不超過10節(jié)的速度航行。
- 臨時(shí)減速區(qū)(綠色A.B.C.D區(qū)域):當(dāng)有露脊鯨出現(xiàn)在航道附近時(shí),可在南、北安提科斯提島航線開啟航行限速。每次限速將持續(xù)15天。如果15天內(nèi)沒有看到監(jiān)測到露脊鯨出現(xiàn),限速將在這段時(shí)間結(jié)束時(shí)解除。
- 任何臨時(shí)限速都要求強(qiáng)制遵守。包括限速區(qū)地圖等詳細(xì)信息,可登陸加拿大交通部官網(wǎng)“Protecting North Atlantic Right Whales fromcollision with ships in the Gulf of St. Lawrence”
如有疑問請(qǐng)?jiān)谶M(jìn)入此區(qū)域前詢問當(dāng)?shù)卮?該保護(hù)區(qū)是否仍然有效, 或咨詢VTS。Capesize船舶基本在Sepitles和Port Cartier兩港裝貨,兩港相隔只有20多海里。氣候情況一樣,但sepitles屬于環(huán)形港口,易形成浮冰。進(jìn)入十一月后,該區(qū)域溫度持續(xù)降低(11月份可達(dá)到零下10度,12/01/02月將逐漸降至零下20-30多度,3月后氣溫逐漸回升),在此期間??吭搮^(qū)域,應(yīng)特別注意防凍措施和潛在冰損事故:- 個(gè)人保暖和防護(hù)設(shè)備配備到位。
- 申請(qǐng)救生艇和救助艇燃油防凍劑(Diesel Oil anti-Gel and Conditioner)和除冰劑(Calcium Chloride氯化鈣).
- 壓載水更換期間,選擇壓入較暖海水(Mexico gulf stream),所有壓載艙保持主甲板下20cm以上空隙(避免壓載水冰凍時(shí)凍裂壓載艙)。
- 最大限度增加首尾吃水,使螺旋槳在水面下有足夠沉深。壓載艙最大限度置于水線下,以便減緩溫度流失。
- 所有壓載艙Sounding Pipe適當(dāng)投入Calcium Chloride(切勿投入過多,氯化鈣水溶不徹底時(shí)極易鈣化,非常堅(jiān)硬,將會(huì)完全堵塞量水孔)。量水孔蓋子保持松開,確保當(dāng)量水孔內(nèi)壓載水完全冰凍時(shí)能有空隙釋放力量。如出現(xiàn)重度冰凍(厚度超過20cm時(shí)),氯化鈣已無用,此時(shí)不要向Sounding Pipe內(nèi)繼續(xù)投放。
- 錨地候泊期間,壓載艙最容易冰凍。加強(qiáng)壓載水艙觀測,如需要及時(shí)打開高柜Manhole,便于觀察艙內(nèi)冰凍情況。如壓載艙間有內(nèi)循環(huán)設(shè)計(jì),請(qǐng)一直保持循環(huán)狀態(tài)。同時(shí)定時(shí)循環(huán)壓載管系中殘水或?qū)⑵渫耆珤叱?,以免凍住。切記如空倉內(nèi)壓載道門有動(dòng)過時(shí),在卸貨港壓載時(shí)必須安排人員下去檢查,防止道門蓋漏水。
- 應(yīng)急消防泵、應(yīng)急發(fā)電機(jī)處所、救生艇和救助艇馬達(dá)處必要時(shí)加裝外部加熱設(shè)備(如大功率照明燈、加熱器等),保證其處于立即可用狀態(tài)。
- 注意及時(shí)放空甲板消防和淡水管路殘水,必要時(shí)關(guān)閉隔離閥。甲板消防管系放殘時(shí),一定安排專人值守,保證管系內(nèi)殘水完全排凈,方可離開(曾有船舶因?yàn)榉艢堥y凍住,導(dǎo)致管系內(nèi)水凍住而導(dǎo)致滯留)。
- Sepitles和Port Cartier港當(dāng)?shù)爻緸椋篸.hmarineservices@cgocable.ca
- 加強(qiáng)預(yù)熱和循環(huán)纜車和開倉液壓系統(tǒng)。尤其注意遠(yuǎn)端的液壓馬達(dá),由于此分管路離主液壓管路較遠(yuǎn),起不到循環(huán)和導(dǎo)熱效果。應(yīng)提前加裝外部加熱系統(tǒng),如用帆布遮住馬達(dá),并放置大功率燈具進(jìn)行空間加熱(也有船舶在馬達(dá)體上安裝加熱絲,此方法使用時(shí)需謹(jǐn)慎)。
     11. 進(jìn)入一月份后,圣勞倫斯灣內(nèi)浮冰增多。進(jìn)出圣勞倫斯灣的船舶可申請(qǐng)ICE PILOT(一般由租家安排,約6,000CAD),引水登離點(diǎn)在碼頭和Sydney PilotStation / 46-18.5N 060-07W。自12月21日至次年4月15日,Spetiles和Port Cartier兩港破冰船服務(wù)可用,Inbound/Outbound 收費(fèi)各3,000加元。由于持續(xù)的低溫影響,一旦浮冰大面積形成,只能等到次年4月份才會(huì)完全解凍。iceadvisor.pilotboat@gmail.comPilot boat phone 1-902-574-8505Emergency phone 1-418-693-2226以上為2月中旬冰情衛(wèi)星圖(2-3月下旬浮冰最多),可見Belle Isle strait和其入口處自2月份起完全冰封,該區(qū)域已不適合安全航行。此時(shí)需選擇南部航線進(jìn)出,避開重浮冰區(qū),以免造成船體、螺旋槳和舵等損傷。可登陸以下IP地址查詢最新冰清/冰山預(yù)報(bào):http://www./en/groenland/hav/ice-charts/https://www.weather./city/pages/qc-97_metric_e.html- IWL/International Warranty Limites
全球IWL/INC區(qū)域分為六個(gè)區(qū),為季節(jié)性存在。所有船舶在相應(yīng)時(shí)間內(nèi)航行在下列區(qū)域(No.6印度洋區(qū)域?yàn)樘囟ㄘ浳镞\(yùn)輸),需額外增加保費(fèi)。船舶應(yīng)詳細(xì)記錄進(jìn)入和離開該區(qū)域的時(shí)間和位置,及時(shí)提供給公司,以便能更準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算保費(fèi)。(a) Atlantic Coast of North America, its rivers or adjacent islands,(i) north of 52o 10’ N. Lat. and west of 50’ W. Long.;(ii) south of 52o 10’ N. Lat. in the area bounded by lines drawn betweenBattle Harbour/Pistolet Bay; Cape Ray/Cape North; Port Hawkesbury/Port Mulgraveand Baie Comeau/Matane, between 21st December and 30th April both daysinclusive.(iii) west of Baie Comeau/Matane (but not west of Montreal) between1st December and 30th April both days inclusive.(b) Great Lakes or St. Lawrence Seaway west of Montreal.(d) Pacific Coast of North America its rivers or adjacent islands north of54o 30’ N. Lat., or west of 130o 50’ W. Long.2.Warranted no Baltic Sea or adjacent waters cast of 15o E. Long.(a) North of a line between Mo (63o 24’ N. Lat.) and Vasa (63o 06’ N.Lat.) between 10th December and 25th May b.d.i.(b) East of a line between Viipuri (Vyborg) (28o 47’ E. Long.) and Narva(28o 12’ E. Long.) between 15th December and 15th May b.d.i.(c) North of a line between Stockholm (59o 20’ N. Lat.) and Tallinn (59o24’ N. Lat.) between 8th January and 5th May b.d.i.(d) East of 22o E. Long., and south of 59o N. Lat. between 28th Decemberand 5th May b.d.i.3.Warranted not North of 70o N. Lat. other than voyages direct to or from any portor place in Norway or Kola Bay.4.Warranted no Behring Sea, no East Asian waters north of 46o N. Lat. and not toenter orsailfrom any port or place in Siberia except Nakhodka and/or Vladivostock.5.Warranted not to proceed to Kerguelen and/or Croset Islands or south of 50o S.Lat.,except to ports and/or places in Patagonia and/or Chile and/or FalklandIslands, but liberty is given to enter waters south of 50o S. Lat., if en route to or from ports and/orplaces not excluded by this warranty6.Warranted not to sail with Indian Coal as cargo:(a) between 1st March and 30th June, b.d.i.(b) between 1st July and 30th September, b.d.i.,- 如預(yù)計(jì)靠離期間,將遇見浮冰。應(yīng)視情況提前通過代理提交以下Notification給港口當(dāng)局和引水機(jī)構(gòu)。
To: Port authority of Port CartierTo: Pilot of Port CartierCc: Arcelormittal Mines Canada. IncAccording to the unique conditions forberthing in Port Cartier during winter months and the temperature on28-Dec-2018 will be descended below minus 20 degrees, the chance of encounteredheavy floating ice may arise during berthing.For the reason of safetyof ship and her belongings, please kindly be notified that so far aspracticable, the vessel will not operate the astern engine to stop making wayor to make way astern where the floating ice is around the vessel hull toprevent highly potential damage to propeller blades and Rudder. In this regard,please provide your advice/ recommendation on additional measures to be takenfor the safe passage/ maneuvering to and from the berth.2. 抵近浮冰海域前,對(duì)駕駛臺(tái)值班人員進(jìn)行相關(guān)培訓(xùn)和提醒。如觀察到浮冰應(yīng)及時(shí)通知相關(guān)人員。船長應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備Sea Protest描述當(dāng)時(shí)浮冰情況和可能潛在的船體/機(jī)械等損傷,與海務(wù)溝通后發(fā)給相關(guān)各方,最大限度保護(hù)船東和管理公司利益。 Please be kindly advise that MVxxxxxxxxxx of voyage 1806 under my command, departed from Rotterdam on17-Dec-2018 and arrived at Port Cartier on 26-Dec-2018 and berthed on28-Dec-2018,Observed heavy floating ice congested aroundvessel during anchoring and berthing.During thisperiod on26-Dec-2018 &28-Dec-2018,sheexperienced extreme cold weather conditions, Thetemperature of outdoor descended below minus 20 degrees and most ballast tankareunavoidable to freeze and resulted the ballast waterare notpumped out by ship’s effort,Fearing further damage to the vessel, vessel’smachinery including hull. Rudder and propeller during stay at anchorage,passage to and from berth, And the berth staying thus, I. on behalf of owner,Sub Owners and manager, hereby noted a sea protest reserving the right toextend same to convenient time, date and in even of any damage , losses ,delaysand whatsoever related costs and consequence.Letter of Protest:由第三方對(duì)你船/貨等造成損壞或損失,并既定事實(shí)已確定。為保護(hù)船東利益,要求第三方為所造成的損失和潛在損失負(fù)責(zé)。It is a perfectly normal reaction when some has damaged you, toprotest to that person and to claim financial compensation. The letter ofprotest is just the business way of doing this.If a ship owner or a master knows that a person has damaged them,should submitted a letter of protest to that person stating the damaged causedand claiming the right to seek compensation (sometime it is usual not toquantify the AMOUNT ofcompensation but to leave this matter to the lawyer later on)Note of SeaProtest: 由于天氣等不可抗因素影響,可能對(duì)船舶/貨物等造成損失或損傷,應(yīng)在抵港時(shí)提交海事聲明,并征得靠離港口當(dāng)局確認(rèn)。并保留延伸進(jìn)一步損失報(bào)告的權(quán)利,因?yàn)橐恍p傷是在完貨后才能觀察到。In maritime law, a sea protest is a notarized statement obtainedafter a ship enters port after a rough voyage, where a ship or cargo hassuffered damage NOT CAUSED BY APERSON e.g.; by bad weather, the master will need evidence that thedamage was not his fault, its purpose isto protect the ship’s charterer or owner from liability for damage to cargo,the ship or to other ship in a collision, where this was caused by perils ofthe sea.If it is known or suspected that such damage has occurred, thecaptain will make a sworn “sea protest” and reserved the right to extend thisprotest.
|