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***完整的英語語法(英語思維)***

 神明的食糧圣地 2019-09-15

學(xué)習(xí)英語之前首先要學(xué)習(xí)的就是詞類

詞類共分兩大類:實(shí)詞、虛詞。

        實(shí)詞可以單獨(dú)作句子成分,虛詞不可以。

詞是指:名詞,動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,量詞,連詞,感嘆詞,疑問詞和冠詞。

1、動(dòng)詞 :Verbs (v.) 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等。例詞:work,know.

2、名詞: Nouns(n.) 表示人或事物的名稱。例詞:boy,flower.

3、形容詞: Adjectives(a./adj.) 用來修飾名詞或代詞。例詞:pretty,useful.

4、副詞: Adverbs(ad./adv.) 用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。例詞:slowly,very.

5、介詞: Prepositions(prep.)用在名詞、代詞等前面,表示與別的詞的關(guān)系。例詞:for,from.

6、代詞: Pronouns (pron.) 用來代替名詞或數(shù)詞等。例詞:they,some.

7、數(shù)詞: Numeral(num.) 用來表示數(shù)量或順序。

8、量詞: Quantifier(quant.) 通常用來表示人、事物或動(dòng)作的數(shù)量單位。

9、連詞: Conjunction(conj.) 用來連接詞與詞或句與句。例詞:but,if.

10、疑問詞: Interrogative (int.)

11、感嘆詞: Interjection (interj.) 表示說話時(shí)的感情或口氣。例詞:oh,ah.

12、冠詞: Article(art.) 用在名詞前幫助說明其詞義。例詞:a,the.

擴(kuò)展資料:漢語詞類

漢語的詞主要可以分為兩個(gè)大類,15小類。

大類即實(shí)詞和虛詞。

實(shí)詞:名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、量詞、代詞、副詞、區(qū)別詞、狀態(tài)詞共9小類是實(shí)詞,

虛詞:介詞、連詞、助詞、語氣詞等4小類是虛詞。

另外還有兩類特殊的詞,即擬聲詞嘆詞。

1、名詞

表示人和事物的名稱的實(shí)詞。

2、形容詞

形容詞表示事物的形狀、樣式、性質(zhì)等。如“多”“少”“高”“胖”“死板”“奢侈”“膽小”“丑惡”等。

3、數(shù)詞

數(shù)詞是表示事物數(shù)目的詞。如“一”“二”“兩”“三”“十”“百”“千”“萬”“億”“半”等。

4、量詞

量詞是表示事物或動(dòng)作單位的詞。 漢語的量詞分為名量詞和動(dòng)量詞 。

5、代詞

代詞能代替實(shí)詞和短語。表示指稱時(shí),有定指和不定指的區(qū)別。不定指往往是指不確定的“人”“物”或某 種“形狀”“數(shù)量”“程度”“動(dòng)作”等。他不常指某一定的人物,也就不可能有一定意義,介乎虛實(shí)之間。 

五種時(shí)態(tài):

第一章 ?詞類

作用

        單詞、句、篇構(gòu)成了英語文章。而單詞的詞性是打開英語大門的鑰匙;語法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。

地位

        詞法能幫助學(xué)習(xí)者理解許多英語概念,只有掌握了詞性知識,才能理解英語句子的結(jié)構(gòu),從而理解句子及整篇文章。

學(xué)習(xí)方法

        牢固掌握每個(gè)詞性的句法功能及每個(gè)句子成分都由哪些詞性的單詞構(gòu)成的。主抓實(shí)詞,兼顧虛詞,總結(jié)固定詞組。

一、名詞:

1、句法功能:

主語:The book is on the desk.

表語:The tall man is a singer.

賓語:I found a cat on the grass.

賓語補(bǔ)足語:we call him a hero.

定語:I found a stone wall in the village.

同位語Mr.liu ,our English teacher ,is very handsome.

狀語:The desk weighs 20 kilogram.

2、所有格:

* 含義

表所屬關(guān)系:my mom's driess

表類別:a woman's school

表動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受著my father's praise

* 分類

  ’s 所有格:有生命的   my father's car

  of 所有格:無生命的   the cover of the book.        (這本書的封面)

雙重所有格:表部分概念或某種情感 

                   a friend of my sister's

二、冠詞:

不定冠詞:

a,an~表泛指、每一、類別、抽象名詞具體化。

定冠詞:表特指的人和物。

零冠詞:表許多特殊含義和特殊用法。

三、代詞

1 、人稱代詞:

    主格: I you he  she it we you they

   賓格:me you him her it us  you they

2、物主代詞:

        形容詞:my your his her its our your their

        名詞性:mine your his its our your their 

3、反身代詞:

        單數(shù):myself yourself hisself herself itself

        復(fù)數(shù):ourself yourselves themselves

4、相互代詞:

        each other (相互 彼此),one another(彼此 相互),each other’s (彼此的),one another’s(另一個(gè))

5、指示代詞

        this,that,these,those,such,same

6、疑問代詞:

        who、whom、whose、which、what

7、連接代詞:

        who,whom,which,what,that,whose,       whoever(永遠(yuǎn) 曾經(jīng) 這以前 究竟 到底 可能)

8、關(guān)系代詞:who,whom,whose,which,that,as,

9、不定代詞:

人:          

every- ,   some- ,    any- ,    no- ,

 -body,everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,

-one,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,

物:

-thing, everything, something, anything, nothing,

 -where,everywhere,somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,

注意:

      *  -body和-one同義

      *  -thing有兩個(gè)意思,即東西和事情

      *  some有兩個(gè)意思:一些和某一。比如:

           some book 某一本書

            song books 一些書

      *  不定代詞的定語要后置

10、it 的用法

a、用作代詞:

      * 代上文提到的同一物

      * 代上文的指示代詞

      * 代天氣、時(shí)間、距離、環(huán)境等

      * 代不太清楚的一個(gè)人

      * 代整個(gè)句子

b、形式主語:

      * It's impoetant foe you to learn English well.

            學(xué)好英語對你是重要的

c、形式賓語:

      * our boss made it clear that he would go.

          我們老板明確表示他將去

d 、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:

      * It is/was 主語/賓語/狀語 that/who 其余成分。

四、數(shù)詞

1、年月日、時(shí)刻及年代表達(dá)法:

* 基本順序是月、日、年

* 具體時(shí)刻用 at

* 具體某一天用 on

* 大于一天用 in

舉例: a twenty to four 二十比四

   on September(the) first,2009. 2009年9月1日

in August,2004 2004年8月

 in the 1980's 在20世紀(jì)80年代

2、分?jǐn)?shù):

構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞 \ 序數(shù)詞

分子大于一時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)

a half (二分之一);a quarter(四分之一)

five and four sixths(五又六分之四)

本身沒有單復(fù)數(shù),根據(jù)它所代替的名詞而決定。

3、百分?jǐn)?shù):

構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞 percent(意識是百分之,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式)

本身沒有單復(fù)數(shù),根據(jù)它所代替的名詞而決定。

4、倍數(shù)表達(dá)法:

My room is twice larger than his room.

= My room is twice as larger as his room.

= My room is twice the size of his room.

= The area of my room is twice than of his room.

= The area of my room is twice what his room has.

總結(jié):

a、倍數(shù)?adj. 或adv.的比較?than

b、倍數(shù)?as?adj. 或adv.原級?as

c、倍數(shù)?the?名詞?of

d、倍數(shù)?what?of

e、倍數(shù)?what?從句

5、數(shù)詞和名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞:

a two-day holiday 兩天的假期

a 100-meter-tall building

總結(jié):名詞作定語用單數(shù)

五、介詞

1、按形式分類

* 簡單介詞:in,on,at,to,from

* 復(fù)合介詞:into,onto,inside,without,

* 短語介詞:according to,from of,because of,instead of,

* 雙重介詞:from under,from behind,until after,except for,

* 分詞介詞:considering,including,regarding,

2、按意義分類:

* 時(shí)間:before,after,about,past,

* 地點(diǎn):at,in,on,near,

* 原因、目的:for,because of,owing to,with,

* 所屬、伴隨:of,with.

* 除了:except,but,besides,except for,

* 方法、手段:in,by,with,without,

* 關(guān)于:on,about,of,over,

六、形容詞 副詞

 1、形容詞:

* 句法功能:

I think he is great man alive in the would .                ——定語

You must keep your room tidy and clean.        ——賓語補(bǔ)足語

The boy lay on the bad,very angry.         ——狀語

* 位置:

He has a rad coat.  ——前置

I want to tell you something important .——后置

2、副詞:

a、分類:

* 時(shí)間:now,today,already,recently,

* 地點(diǎn):home,here,below,ahead,

* 程度:very,quite,rather,only ,

* 頻度:ofen,always,usually,seldom,

* 方式:simply,easily,happily,silently,

* 語氣:indeed,certainly,                                   obviously,fortunately,

b、句法功能:

Do you know the man upstairs ?       ——定語

Can you show me out?

——賓語補(bǔ)足語

They are working very hard.

——狀語

3、形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級:

a、同級比較:

He is as good a boy as his brother.

他和他的兄弟一樣是個(gè)好男孩

He has as many books as his brother.

他有和他哥哥一樣多的書

The tree is the same height as the building.

這棵樹和建筑物的高度是一樣的。

He can read as many as 100 books in a month.

他一個(gè)月能讀100本書

To tell you the truth,I didn't sing as (so) well as my brother.

說實(shí)話,我唱的不如我哥哥好。

b、比較級

This year they have produuced less grain than they did has year

今年他們的糧食產(chǎn)量比有一年減少了

Yao ming is much taller than my father.

姚明比我父親高得多

The more you practise,the better you will speak English.

你練習(xí)的越多,你的英語說的越好。

It's geting hotter and hotter and our city is becoming more and more beautiful.

天氣越來越熱,我們的城市變的越來越漂亮。

c、最高級

He is the third tallest boy in our class.

他是我們班第三高的男孩

七、動(dòng)詞

1、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:

* 及物動(dòng)詞(Vt.):后接賓語

He gave me a present yesterday.

他昨天給了我一件禮物

* 不及物動(dòng)詞(Vi.):后不接賓語

The sun is rising now.

太陽正在升起

2、系動(dòng)詞:

* de 動(dòng)詞:

表“感覺”:look,smell,taste,sound,feel,

表“變化”:become turn,get,go,sound,feel,

表“保持”:keep,remain,stay,stand,continue,lie,sit,prove,

表“似乎”:appear,seem,

3、助動(dòng)詞:

be,do,have,will和shall

4、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:

* can / could:表能力、表許可、可能性、could 表語氣委婉

* may / might:用來詢問

表可能性不大的推測,might 語氣更不肯定

* must \ have to:

    must 表主觀上的必須

    have to 表客觀上的必須

* should \ ought to:

    表應(yīng)該(建議)

    應(yīng)該(推測)

* shall:

    征求意見

    要求、命令、威脅等

* will、would:

    意愿

    習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作

* used to:

    過去常常,現(xiàn)在已非。

    后接動(dòng)詞原形

    引申:be used to something \ doing 習(xí)慣于;be used to do 被用來做

* dare、need:

    dare:含義:敢。

適用范圍:疑問句、否定句、條件句。

    need:含義:需要,有必要

適用范圍:否定句、疑問句。

* 易考知識點(diǎn):

    dare和need 即是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,又是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

    注意:dare 和 need 得前后搭配

* had better:

    含義:最好(本質(zhì)上是一種委婉的建議。

    后接動(dòng)詞原形

would、rather:

含義:寧愿,表選擇

后接動(dòng)詞原形


第二章 句法

作用

本部分內(nèi)容是高中英語的核心所在,可以毫不夸張地說,句法通,英語通。它在英語中的作用相當(dāng)于一幢大樓的骨架。

地位:

會(huì)分析了句子成分才能理解簡單句;掌握了六大句型,才會(huì)在寫作中游刃有余,避免寫出中國式英語;而英語句子的理解難點(diǎn)就在主從復(fù)合句。

學(xué)習(xí)方法:

養(yǎng)成分析句子成分的習(xí)慣,當(dāng)遇到難句、長句時(shí),注意從句子成分的角度去解決問題,不要把時(shí)間和精力放在對知識點(diǎn)的死記硬背上,要注意分析語言實(shí)踐。

一、句子成分:

主語:句子要說明的人或物。

Walls have ears.  隔墻有耳

表語:說明主語的身份、特征、狀態(tài)。

The dish smells very delicious.

這道菜聞起來很香

謂語:說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

I bought a toy in the shop yesterday.

賓語:表示動(dòng)作的承受著。

I ate a piece of bread this morning.

今天早上我吃了一塊面包

定語:修飾名詞或代詞。

The man on the left is my teacher.

左邊的那個(gè)人是我的老師

狀語:修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子。

We'll go where the people need us.

我們會(huì)去人民需要我們的地方去。

補(bǔ)語:補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語。

We call him a singer.

我們叫他歌手

同位語:放在名詞或代詞后面,說明其具體內(nèi)容。

The news that he will come is true.

他要來的消息是真的。

并列成分:某個(gè)成分由多者并列。

The teacher came and saw me.

老師來看我了

獨(dú)立成分:在句子中,和其它成分無語法關(guān)系的詞、詞組、句子。

This ,I think is your teacher.

我想這是你的老師


二、簡單句六大句型:

主語?謂語

The old is coming.

老人來了

主語?謂語 ?賓語

We should study science.

我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)

主語?系動(dòng)詞?表語

Our city is very beautiful

我們的城市很美

主語?謂語?間接賓語?直接賓語

The professor gave me a book.

教授給了我一本書

there be 句型:

There stands a tree in front of our house.

我們的房子前面有一顆樹

三、簡單句的四個(gè)類型

1、陳述句:

     * 肯定句:

They like kkating.    他們喜歡滑冰

     * 否定句:

He didn't go shopping yesterday.

他昨天沒有去購物

We aren't student.

我們不是學(xué)生

2、疑問句:

*一般疑問句:

Are you interested in the music ?

你對音樂感興趣嗎?

* 特殊疑問句:

How many books are there in the room?

房間里有多少本書 ?

* 選擇疑問句:

Does your sister work in a factory or in a company ?

你姐姐是在工廠工作還是在公司工作?

* 反意疑問句:

He is six years old ,isn't he?

他六歲了,不是嗎?

You can't swim.can you ?

你不會(huì)游泳,你會(huì)嗎?

* 祈使句:

      肯定祈使句:

Practise speaking English every day.

明天練習(xí)說英語 x

      否定疑問句:

Don't he afraid of making mistakes.

他不怕犯錯(cuò)誤

* 感嘆句:

      what 引導(dǎo):

How hot and wet the weahter is today!       今天天氣又熱又濕

How bravely they fought the enemy!

他們多么勇敢的同敵人作戰(zhàn)!

How fine a day it is!

多好的一天??!

How time flies !

時(shí)間過得真快!

四、三大從句:

1、名詞性從句:

* 主語從句:

How the boy climbed up to a tree isn't clear.

* 賓語從句:

I don't know the man who \ that is standing by the window.

我不認(rèn)識站在窗邊的那個(gè)人

* 表語從句:

That is what I want

* 同位語從句:

I have no idea when he will be back.

2、定語從句:
Do you know the man who that is standing by the window ?
——作主語,表人
Don't forget you bring the book which \ that \ 省略 the teacher gave you the other day.
——作賓語,表物
1、The patients whose temperature isn't normal are in the wards.
2、The book whose cover is red is an English book.
——作定語,表人或物
She is no longer the girl that she was before she was marrid.
——作表語,表人
He came at a time when we needed help.
——作時(shí)間狀語
We know the place where our teacher lives.
——作地點(diǎn)狀語
Do you know the reason why he was so happy?
——作原因狀語
As we all know ,the earth is round.
——as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,作主語或賓語
3、狀語從句
* 時(shí)間狀語從句:
I'll discuss this with you when we meet next time.
* 地點(diǎn)狀語:
Wherever youu go,I will go with you.
* 原因狀語:
I'm late because I missed the bus.
* 目的狀語:
He studid very hard so that he might make his parents happy.
* 結(jié)果狀語:
He’s such a good teacher that all the students like him.
* 比較狀語從句:
He's taller than his father.
* 讓步狀語從句:
A lthough he is a child,he knows a lot.
* 方式狀語從句:
Please state the sact just as they are.

第三章 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
作用
        本部分內(nèi)容是句子的靈魂,因?yàn)橹灰怯⒄Z句子,就涉及到不同的時(shí)態(tài)和主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)的問題。
地位
在高中英語中處于“牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身”的重要地位。
學(xué)習(xí)方法
掌握每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)從兩點(diǎn)入手即定義及其構(gòu)成。要注意時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)不同的感情。
一、時(shí)態(tài):
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
定義:無時(shí)限或現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
構(gòu)成:動(dòng)詞原形;主語是三單,用動(dòng)詞的三單形式。
一般過去時(shí):
定義:表過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
構(gòu)成:過去式
一般將來時(shí):
定義:表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
構(gòu)成:
1、will \ shall?動(dòng)詞原形
2、am \ is \ are?going?to?動(dòng)詞原形

3、am \ is \ are ?不定式

4、am \ is\ are ?about?動(dòng)詞不定式

5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表一般將來時(shí)。

過去將來時(shí)

定義:表在過去的時(shí)間內(nèi)將要發(fā)生的事情。

構(gòu)成:請參考一般將來時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

定義:現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

構(gòu)成:am \ is \are ?現(xiàn)在分詞

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

定義:

1、動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在有影響。

2、動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。

構(gòu)成:have \ has ?過去分詞

過去完成時(shí):

定義:過去的過去

構(gòu)成:had?過去分詞

將來完成時(shí):

定義:到將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

構(gòu)成:will(shall) have?過去分詞

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):

定義:過去的過去在一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

構(gòu)成:had been ?過去分詞

二、語態(tài)——被動(dòng)語態(tài)

基本構(gòu)成:

be?過去分詞(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?be?過去分詞)

八種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

I'm given a book.

am \ is \ are ?過去分詞

一般過去時(shí):

The bike was bought yesterday.

     was \ were?過去分詞

一般將來時(shí):

The work will be finished next week.

will be?過去分詞

過去將來時(shí):

He said he would de invited to the party.

would be?過去分詞

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

The building is being build now.

am \ is \ are?being?過去分詞

過去進(jìn)行時(shí):

What was being done when I phoned you?

was \ were ?being ?過去分詞

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

The hospital has been built.

have \ has been?過去分詞

過去完成時(shí):

When I came in,the bookcase had been made.

had been ?過去分詞


第四章 非謂語動(dòng)詞

作用

由于英語里的動(dòng)詞不做謂語便作非謂語,所以非謂語動(dòng)詞的作用和時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)并駕齊驅(qū)。

地位

因?yàn)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞是中國學(xué)生的難點(diǎn),所以它的地位至關(guān)重要。只有明白了非謂語動(dòng)詞的變換規(guī)則和含義,才可以說走進(jìn)了英語的大門。

學(xué)習(xí)方法

找好非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語,判斷好語態(tài);找準(zhǔn)和謂語動(dòng)詞的先后順序,判斷好形式;判斷在句中所做成分。

一、動(dòng)詞不定式:

1、構(gòu)成:

                  主動(dòng)            被動(dòng)

一般式  to wriite      to be written

完成式  to have written 

                          haveing been written

進(jìn)行式   to be writing          無

2、句法功能:

主語:

ait took us three hours to complete the experiment.

表語:

Our difficulty is where to get enough food.

賓語:

They refused to accept my suggestion.

* 補(bǔ)足語:

They didn't allow us to park the car here.

* 定語:

His attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again.

狀語:

The girl jumped with joy to hear the news.

二、動(dòng)名詞:

1、構(gòu)成:

一般式  writing         being written

完成式  having written 

                             having been written 

2、句法功能:

主語:swimming has its own laws.

表語:my favourite summer sport is swimming.

賓語:How about going to the movie theatre ?

定語:

These passges may be used as listening materials.

三、分詞

1、構(gòu)成及簡介

                     主動(dòng)       被動(dòng)

現(xiàn)在式    writing       being written 

過去式       無             written 

完成式  haveing ritten

                           having been written

2、分詞的句法功能:

* 表語:

1、The news is intrresting.

2、You will be interrested in the news.

* 定語:

1、He often helps his working wife at home.

2、This is the lab set up by the students themseles.

* 補(bǔ)足語:

1、I heard him singing in the next room.

2、They found the room stolen.

* 狀語:

1、Not knowing her address,I can't visit her.

2、Given better attention,the trees could grow better.

第五章  倒裝句

作用

        倒裝句在英語句型中很普遍,它的作用主要體現(xiàn)在對英語難句、長句的理解上。

地位

        倒裝句體現(xiàn)著謂語上,所以它是對考生時(shí)態(tài)的延伸考察。

學(xué)習(xí)方法

要抓住倒裝句的本質(zhì),強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)成分,然后輔之以語序的變化,看見倒裝句,把它還原為正裝句。

一、英語句型的顯著特點(diǎn):

主語?謂語 叫正裝句

We are studing in the classroom.

謂語?主語 叫倒裝句

Did you go to school by bus ?

二、全部倒裝

第一種情況:

1、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、位置改變的,副詞在句首。

2、謂語動(dòng)詞為 Vi 。

3、主語是名詞而不是代詞。

(1)In came a teacher.

一位老師進(jìn)來了

(in come來了,in came 進(jìn)來)

(2)Here came the bus.

公共汽車來了

(here come 來吧,here came 來了)

(3)Now comes your turn.

現(xiàn)在輪到你了

(now comes 現(xiàn)在來了)

(4)Here he comes.

他來了

第二種情況:

1、表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首。

2、謂語為 Vi。

    Though the window came a terrible smell.

雖然窗戶發(fā)出了難聞的氣味

第三種情況:

1、分詞、介詞短語位于句首。

2、有系動(dòng)詞。

(1)Lying in bed was a sick boy.

(2)Among the boys was a teacher.

三、部分倒裝:

第一種情況:

hardly ,nor seldom,no 等否定詞位于句首。

Seldom does he go to church on sundays.

第二種情況:

only 引導(dǎo)的狀語位于句首,要求主倒從不倒。

1、Only then did he know it.

2、Only when he had done it did know it was hard.

第三種情況:

1、和上面情況一致的簡短句式。

2、肯定句用 so,否定句用neither或者nor.

3、時(shí)態(tài)、數(shù)和前面保持一致。

(1)They work hard, so do we.

他們努力工作,我們也一樣。

(2)They don't work hard. Neither \ nor do we.

他們不努力工作,我們也不會(huì)。

第四種情況:

1、as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句把表語或狀語提前。

2、若表語為單數(shù)名詞,則省略 a 或者 an。

(1)Difficult as it was,I finished it on time.

雖然很難,但我還是按時(shí)完成了。

(2)difficult as he studed,he failed in the eaxm again.

雖然他學(xué)習(xí)很困難,但他又一次失敗了。

(3)Child as he is,he know a lot.

盡管他是個(gè)孩子,但他知道很多。

第五種情況:

        在虛擬語氣中的條件狀語從句中,省略同時(shí)倒裝。

1、Had you come one minute later,you would have missed the bus.

如果你一分鐘后來,你就會(huì)錯(cuò)過公共汽車。

2、Should she come here,we would discuss it.

如果她來這里,我們討論(商量)的。

3、Were you not here,none of us would come.

如果你不在這里,我們誰也不會(huì)來。

第六種情況:

so …that 句型中,so?adj. 或者adv. 在句首。

So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.

他開車太不小心,差點(diǎn)自殺。

第六種情況:

程度副詞在句首

will did I know about him.

我知道他的事嗎。

第七種情況:

not only … but also 句型中,not only 在句首。前倒后不倒。

Not only is he a worker but also he is a singer.

他不僅是一名工人,而且是一名歌手。

第八章  虛擬語氣

作用

虛擬語氣主要體現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞上,它是時(shí)態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的綜合應(yīng)用,對考生的英語能力要求較高,是歷年高考拉分的試題之一。

地位

它的地位體現(xiàn)在對考生的綜合能力的考察即形式的構(gòu)成及其含義的理解。

學(xué)習(xí)方法

真真假假,巧辨真?zhèn)?。因?yàn)檎鎸?shí)語氣往往和虛擬語氣混用;是否虛擬,顧名思義,要牢牢抓住虛擬語氣的含義;慎重時(shí)態(tài),注意狀語。

一、語氣分類:

陳述語氣

祈使語氣

虛擬語氣

二、一般形式的虛擬語氣:

a)在條件狀語從句中:

* 和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。

If I were you,I would listen to his advice.

如果我是你我會(huì)聽從他的建議

* 和過去事實(shí)相反。

If we had enough moeny,we would have bought the house.

將來的事情可能性極小或者不可能發(fā)生。

If you should fall,you would be injured.

如果你摔倒了,你就會(huì)受傷。

b)在名詞性從句中:

* 主語從句:

It's suggested than he(should) accept the job.

有人建議他接受這份工作。

* 賓語從句:

He insisted the meeting(should) be put off.

他堅(jiān)持要召開會(huì)議。

* 同位語從句:

He gave orders that the guests(should) be well entertaines。

他命令客人們好好娛樂。

* 表語從句:

His suggeestion is that we(should ) get rid of the habit.

他的建議是我們應(yīng)該改掉這個(gè)習(xí)慣。

三、特殊形式的虛擬語氣:

* 、wish:

1、I wish I were a millionaire now and the daughter of the president of the USA.

我希望我現(xiàn)在是百萬富翁,是美國總統(tǒng)的女兒。

2、I wish she had stayed with me the day befor yesterday.

我真希望昨天之前的那一天她能和我在一起。

3、I wish I would know about the novel written by the young auther.

我希望我能知道這位年輕的作家寫的小說。

* 、It's(high time)和would rather 句型:

1、It's high time we enjoyed the beautiful scenery in the mountainous area.

該是我們欣賞山區(qū)美景的時(shí)候了。

2、I would rather he diden't meet the difficulty in finding the job.

我寧愿他在找工作時(shí)不遇到困難。

3、I would rather you had pre-booked all your accommodation.

我寧愿你事先預(yù)定好了你所有的住宿。

 * if only:

1、If only he were my own son.

要是他是我親生兒子就好了。

2、If only we had used hotel codes indicated in the instruction.

如果我們使用了說明書中所示的酒店代碼就好了。

3、If only my son would meet a boom in the ecomomy next year.

但愿我的兒子明年能在經(jīng)濟(jì)上蓬勃發(fā)展。

* as if:

1、She talks as if she know all about the accident.

她說起話來好像知道那次事故的全部情況。

2、He behaved as if nothing had happened last night.

他表現(xiàn)得好像昨晚什么事也沒發(fā)生。

3、She talks about it again and again as if she would never end.

她一次又一次地談?wù)撨@件事,好像她永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)結(jié)束似的。

* 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:

I should have told you the truth the moment I met you yesterday.

昨天我遇到你的時(shí)候,我應(yīng)該告訴你的。

It's not far away from the school,so we needn't have taken a taxi.

離學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn),所以我們不需要乘出租車。

3、I didn't hear your phone.I must have been asleep then.

我沒聽到你的電話我當(dāng)時(shí)一定是睡著了。

4、He can't have read the book at the moment.

他現(xiàn)在不可能讀過這本書。

5、Can he have written the poem when he was young ?

他年輕時(shí)可以寫詩嗎?

6、He could have made the best of poem.

他本可以把詩寫的盡善盡美。

7、It was wery late then.I thought the may have gone to bed.

那時(shí)已經(jīng)很晚了,我以為他們可能上床睡覺了。

8、He might have given you more help,even though he was very bus at than time.

他或許給你更多的幫助,盡管他正在公交車上相比時(shí)間。

9、If I were you.I would have acceped the job.

如果我是你,我會(huì)接受這份工作的。

四、混合虛擬語氣:

1、主從時(shí)間不一致

If I were you.I would have taken his advice yesterday.

如果我是你我昨天就會(huì)采納他的建議。

2、真實(shí)語氣和虛擬語氣混用

He felt tired very much yesterday,or he would have attended the party.
他昨天覺得很累,否則他會(huì)參加晚會(huì)的。

3、含蓄虛擬語氣

But for(=Without) your help,I would have faild to finish the work on time.

如果沒有你的幫助,我就不能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

4、某些表達(dá)個(gè)人看法的形容詞用在主語從句中

It's natural than he (should) change his mind.

他改變主意是很自然的事。









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