There are up to 13 bursa of various sizes in and around the knee. These fluid filled sacs cushion the joint and reduce friction between muscles, bones, tendons and ligaments. There are bursa located underneath the tendons and ligaments on both the lateral and medial sides of the knee. The prepatellar bursa is one of the larger bursae of the knee and is located on the front of the patella (hence pre-patellar) just under the skin. It protects the patella. Sometimes, whether due to direct trauma or even infection, it can become irritated, swollen, and painful.  This is known as prepatellar bursitis.  The pes bursa is another important bursa that overlies some of the hamstring tendons which attach to the medial side of the tibia.  It too can sometimes become irritated, causing pes bursitis, which can be painful.

膝部及周圍有多達(dá)13個大小不等的滑囊。這些充滿液體的囊狀物緩沖關(guān)節(jié)，能減少肌肉、骨骼、肌腱和韌帶之間的摩擦。在膝關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè)和內(nèi)側(cè)的肌腱和韌帶下方都有滑囊。髕前囊是膝關(guān)節(jié)較大的囊之一，位于髕骨前部(即髕前囊)皮下，它保護(hù)髕骨。有時，無論是由于直接的創(chuàng)傷，或是感染，都會變得敏感、腫脹和疼痛，這被稱為髕前滑囊炎。鵝足滑囊是另一個重要的囊，它覆蓋著一些附著在脛骨內(nèi)側(cè)的腘繩肌腱。它有時也會被刺激，導(dǎo)致鵝足滑囊炎，也很痛苦。

The knee joint contains the following main bursae:

Suprapatellar bursa: Between the femur and the quadriceps femoris tendon

Popliteus bursa: Between the tendon of the popliteus muscle and the lateral condyle of the tibia

Pes anserine bursa: Between the tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles (and the medial (tibial) collateral ligament

Gastrocnemius bursa: Between the tendon of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the joint capsule

Semimembranosus bursa: Between the tendon of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle

Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa: Between the anterior surface of the patella and the skin that covers it

Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa: Between the tibial tuberosity and the skin

Deep infrapatellar bursa: Between the patellar ligament and the anterior part of the tibia

膝關(guān)節(jié)包含的主要滑囊如下:

髕上囊:  位于股骨和股四頭肌肌腱之間

腘窩囊:  位于腘肌肌腱與脛骨外側(cè)髁之間

鵝足囊:  位于縫匠肌、股薄肌和半腱肌(以及脛骨內(nèi)側(cè)副韌帶)肌腱之間

腓腸肌囊:  位于腓腸肌內(nèi)側(cè)頭肌腱與關(guān)節(jié)囊之間

半膜肌囊:  位于腓腸肌內(nèi)側(cè)頭肌腱和半膜肌肌腱之間

髕前囊:  位于髕骨前表面和覆蓋它的皮膚之間

髕下囊:  位于脛骨結(jié)節(jié)和皮膚之間

髕下深囊:  位于髕韌帶和脛骨前部之間

膝關(guān)節(jié)滑囊炎