必修三知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

Module 1 Europe

重要短語：

because of

be covered by/with

be known for/as/to

make A out of B

on the coast

work on

have…in common

refer to

have control over/of

have a population of

little by little

on the other hand

in one’s thirties                            

compared with

belong to

increase to/by

in terms of

be faced with

ever since

重要句型：

1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

  one of the +形容詞最高級(jí)+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)   最。。。。之一

2. Portugal is to the west of Spain.  

  ①表示位置: A is/lies in/on/to/off the+方向+of B

           A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of B

②位置+距離: A is (about)+距離+（to the）+方向+of B

in ,on和to表地理方位的區(qū)別

（1）    表示A在B的范圍內(nèi)（即A是B的組成部分之一）時(shí)用in.如：our school is in the west of the town.我們學(xué)校在城西。

（2）    強(qiáng)調(diào)A和B兩地接壤時(shí)，用on.如：

Korea is on the east of China.朝鮮與中國(guó)東部接壤。

（3）    A在B的范圍之外，兩者之間沒有所屬關(guān)系時(shí)用to。如：Our school is to the west of the hospital.我們學(xué)校在醫(yī)院的西面。

3. on the coast和off the coast

on表示“位于河畔或鐵路，公路及海岸等沿線上”；off表示“稍離陸地，在沿岸的海里”。如：

語法要求：

一： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

  被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(+by) ”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)態(tài)變化時(shí)只變be的形式，過去分詞不變。

   現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am/ is/ are + 過去分詞

   過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/ were + 過去分詞

二：主謂一致：本單元主要強(qiáng)調(diào)第二個(gè)原則

  語法一致原則。句子的主語是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  注意：(1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each等不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語需用單數(shù)。

(2) 當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, together with, as well as, like 等時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式仍然要與這些詞語前面的主語保持一致。

2. 意義一致原則。

一些集合名詞，如：family, enemy, class, population, army等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)實(shí)際含義而定。當(dāng)表示整體意義時(shí)，用單數(shù)；當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體成員時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

3. 鄰近性原則。neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, or連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)；由there, here引導(dǎo)的句子，并且主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常與鄰近它的主語保持一致。 

Module 2

重要短語：

agree to do something

make efforts to do sth.

be important to

(be) close to

in the middle of

as a result

in/during the last ten years

receive a good education

be willing to do sth.

make comparisons

be connected with

at the top of

at the bottom of

practice doing sth.

live with

one or two weeks

up to

make progress

make sure of/about/that

be similar to

encourage sb to do sth        

take measures to do sth         

be crowded with

in exchange for        

achieve one’s goal         

life expectancy

重要句型：

語法要求：

1. but和however的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別

2. although引導(dǎo)狀語從句

3. while引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句

Module3

重要短語:

a column of air

pick up

at sea

put down

take off

on average

natural disaster

catch fire

pour down

set fire to

manage to do sth.

put out

report on

fall down

from side to side

in all

end up in/with

turn over

lose one’s life

according to

take place

a total of

it occur to sb that  

重要句型:

①By the time…did…, sb. had done sth.

  By the time…do/does…, sb. will have done sth.

②There was the possibility of…

  It is possible that…

語法要求：

1. 過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：had+過去分詞

2. 間接引語。英語中常用兩種方式引用別人的話。一種是直接引述別人的原話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，叫直接引語；另一種是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。如果把直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等一般都要作相應(yīng)的改變。

3. 定語從句。

Module 4

重要短語

cut down

dig up

be caught in …

walk up to

plan to do

in a week’s time

sweep away

take in

give out

I have no idea

have an effect on …

one after another

look through

be part of …                  

do one’s best

in a nutshell

solve problem

be / feel concerned about / for …

think seriously about …

prevent/stop…(from)doing     solve problem

重要句型

①adj. + enough to do

②do nothing but do sth

③can’t (help) but do sth.

④I couldn’t agree withyou more / it couldn’t be worse

⑤if possible

語法要求：

一：不定式的各種時(shí)態(tài)

一般式：to do/to be done

進(jìn)行式：to be doing

完成式：to have done

完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：to have been done

Module 5

重要短語：

be kind to

be related to

be equal to

human being

be born + adj. /n

tell the time

bring up

be at war with

live a (n) … life

follow / take one’s advice

a sense of responsibility

for the first time

in conclusion

make contribution to …

be proud of…

if so

be similar to

as a result

in some  ways

stress the importance of…

be influenced by…

be similar to … /in …

重要句型：

1. The reason why … is that…  

2. If …,then …

3. Not only … ,but also …

4. No more … than

語法要求：

一：限制性定語從句：用來修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句，叫定語從句。

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who, whom, whose, as

              關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why

注意：1. 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，介詞賓語只能用which代物，用whom代人。

      2. 在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任介詞賓語而介詞在句尾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。

      3. 有時(shí)為了行文需要，定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞和部分謂語動(dòng)詞可省略。

Module 6

重要短語：