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搭建MongoDB副本集

 程序猿130 2019-05-27

MongoDB復(fù)制原理就是主節(jié)點記錄在其上的所有操作oplog，從節(jié)點定期輪詢主節(jié)點獲取這些操作，然后對自己的數(shù)據(jù)副本執(zhí)行這些操作，從而保證從節(jié)點的數(shù)據(jù)與主節(jié)點一致。
那什么是副本集呢？主從模式一主一從就是一個副本。MongoDB復(fù)制提供了數(shù)據(jù)的冗余備份，并在多個服務(wù)器上存儲數(shù)據(jù)副本，提高了數(shù)據(jù)的可用性， 并可以保證數(shù)據(jù)的安全性;復(fù)制還允許您從硬件故障和服務(wù)中斷中恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)。副本集具有多個副本保證了容錯性，就算一個副本掛掉了還有很多副本存在，并且解決了之前的問題“主節(jié)點掛掉了，整個集群內(nèi)會自動切換”。
 
副本集特征：
· N 個節(jié)點的集群
· 任何節(jié)點可作為主節(jié)點
· 所有寫入操作都在主節(jié)點上
· 自動故障轉(zhuǎn)移
· 自動恢復(fù)
副本集還有以下幾個需要注意的地方：
1. 最小構(gòu)成是：primary，secondary，arbiter，一般部署是：primary，2 secondary。
2. 成員數(shù)應(yīng)該為奇數(shù)，如果為偶數(shù)的情況下添加arbiter，arbiter不保存數(shù)據(jù)，只投票。
3. 最大50 members，但是只能有 7 voting members，其他是non-voting members。
借用網(wǎng)上找的兩張架構(gòu)圖說明一下：

高可用MongoDB集群部署詳解

由圖可以看到客戶端連接到整個副本集，不關(guān)心具體哪一臺機器是否掛掉。主服務(wù)器負責(zé)整個副本集的讀寫，副本集定期同步數(shù)據(jù)備份，一但主節(jié)點掛掉，副本節(jié)點就會選舉一個新的主服務(wù)器，這一切對于應(yīng)用服務(wù)器不需要關(guān)心。我們看一下主服務(wù)器掛掉后的架構(gòu)：

高可用MongoDB集群部署詳解
 
副本集中的副本節(jié)點在主節(jié)點掛掉后通過心跳機制檢測到后，就會在集群內(nèi)發(fā)起主節(jié)點的選舉機制，自動選舉一位新的主服務(wù)器。更加詳細的副本機制請參考搭建高可用mongodb集群（三）—— 深入副本集內(nèi)部機制
官方推薦的副本集機器數(shù)量至少為3個，我這里就以三個節(jié)點為例介紹。
1. 環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
192.168.221.161:27017作為主節(jié)點，192.168.221.161:27018,192.168.221.161:27019作為兩個副本節(jié)點
2. 分別創(chuàng)建三個節(jié)點所需要的文件夾
mkdir /data/db{1..3} #存放三個節(jié)點數(shù)據(jù)文件
touch /usr/local/mongodb/mongodb{1..3}.log #存放三個節(jié)點的日志

 

3. 創(chuàng)建三個節(jié)點的配置文件
[root@MidApp mongodb]# cat mongodb1.conf 
dbpath=/data/db1
logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/logs/mongodb1.log
logappend=true
port=27017
fork=true
auth=false
nohttpinterface=false
bind_ip=192.168.221.161
journal=true
quiet=true
replSet=repset

 

[root@MidApp mongodb]# cat mongodb2.conf 
dbpath=/data/db2
logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/logs/mongodb2.log
logappend=true
port=27018
fork=true
auth=false
nohttpinterface=false
bind_ip=192.168.221.161
journal=true
quiet=true
replSet=repset

 

[root@MidApp mongodb]# cat mongodb3.conf 
dbpath=/data/db3
logpath=/usr/local/mongodb/logs/mongodb3.log
logappend=true
port=27019
fork=true
auth=false
nohttpinterface=false
bind_ip=192.168.221.161
journal=true
quiet=true
replSet=repset

4. 分別啟動三個節(jié)點
mongod -f mongodb1.conf
mongod -f mongodb2.conf
mongod -f mongodb3.conf

查看日志輸出，沒有找到replica的配置信息
2017-11-13T16:34:46.212-0800 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] options: { config: "mongodb1.conf", net: { bindIp: "192.168.221.160", http: { enabled: true }, port: 27017 }, processManagement: { fork: true }, replication: { replSet: "repset" }, security: { authorization: "disabled" }, storage: { dbPath: "/data/db1", journal: { enabled: true } }, systemLog: { destination: "file", logAppend: true, path: "/usr/local/mongodb/logs/mongodb1.log", quiet: true } }
2017-11-13T16:34:46.214-0800 I INDEX    [initandlisten] allocating new ns file /data/db1/local.ns, filling with zeroes...
2017-11-13T16:34:46.216-0800 I JOURNAL  [journal writer] Journal writer thread started
2017-11-13T16:34:46.492-0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /data/db1/local.0, filling with zeroes...
2017-11-13T16:34:46.492-0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] creating directory /data/db1/_tmp
2017-11-13T16:34:46.501-0800 I STORAGE  [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /data/db1/local.0, size: 64MB,  took 0.001 secs
2017-11-13T16:34:46.520-0800 I REPL    [initandlisten] Did not find local replica set configuration document at startup;  NoMatchingDocument Did not find replica set configuration document in local.system.replset

5. 初始化副本集
任選一個節(jié)點登錄進去，可以看到show dbs是不可用，因為還沒初始化副本集
[root@MidApp mongodb]# mongo 192.168.221.161 
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.6
connecting to: 192.168.221.161/test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs./
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
> show dbs
2017-11-13T16:39:33.235-0800 E QUERY    Error: listDatabases failed:{ "note" : "from execCommand", "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not master" }
    at Error (<anonymous>)
    at Mongo.getDBs (src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47:15)
    at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:630:33)
    at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36)
    at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47
> use admin
switched to db admin

 

定義副本集配置變量，這里的 _id:”repset” 和上面配置文件的參數(shù)“ –replSet repset” 要保持一樣
>config= {_id:"repset",members:[
{_id:0,host:"192.168.221.161:27017"},
{_id:1,host:"192.168.221.161:27018"},
{_id:2,host:"192.168.221.161:27019"}]
}

 

查看輸出信息：
 {
"_id" : "repset",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.221.161:27017"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.221.161:27018"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.221.161:27019"
}
]
}

 

初始化副本集配置
12 > rs.initiate(config);
{ "ok" : 1 }

 

查看集群節(jié)點狀態(tài)：
repset:OTHER> rs.status()
{
"set" : "repset",
"date" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:49:25.782Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "192.168.221.161:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 695,
"optime" : Timestamp(1510620540, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:49:00Z"),
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1510620544, 1),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:49:04Z"),
"configVersion" : 1,
"self" : true
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "192.168.221.161:27018",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 25,
"optime" : Timestamp(1510620540, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:49:00Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:49:24.739Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:49:24.762Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"configVersion" : 1
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "192.168.221.161:27019",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 25,
"optime" : Timestamp(1510620540, 1),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:49:00Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:49:24.739Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:49:24.762Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"configVersion" : 1
}
],
"ok" : 1
}

整個副本及已經(jīng)搭建成功了！
6. 測試副本集數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制功能
在主節(jié)點登錄mongodb
[root@MidApp mongodb]# mongo 192.168.221.161:27017
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.6
connecting to: 192.168.221.161:27017/test
repset:PRIMARY> use test;
switched to db test
repset:PRIMARY> db.testdb.insert({"test1":"item1"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
repset:PRIMARY> exit
bye

在副本節(jié)點登錄查看數(shù)據(jù)：
[root@MidApp logs]# mongo 192.168.221.161:27018
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.6
connecting to: 192.168.221.161:27018/test
repset:SECONDARY> use test
switched to db test
repset:SECONDARY> db.getMongo().setSlaveOk();#mongodb默認是從主節(jié)點讀寫數(shù)據(jù)的，副本節(jié)點上不允許讀，需要設(shè)置副本節(jié)點可以讀
repset:SECONDARY> db.testdb.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a0a3e8d40637405ab003b39"), "test1" : "item1" }

7. 測試副本集failover功能
手動把現(xiàn)在的主節(jié)點停掉，查看集群狀態(tài)：
repset:SECONDARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "repset",
"date" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:57:14.753Z"),
"myState" : 2,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "192.168.221.161:27017",
"health" : 0,
"state" : 8,
"stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",
"uptime" : 0,
"optime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:57:13.304Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:57:09.285Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "Failed attempt to connect to 192.168.221.161:27017; couldn't connect to server 192.168.221.161:27017 (192.168.221.161), connection attempt failed",
"configVersion" : -1
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "192.168.221.161:27018",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 1167,
"optime" : Timestamp(1510620813, 2),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:53:33Z"),
"infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from",
"configVersion" : 1,
"self" : true
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "192.168.221.161:27019",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 17,
"optime" : Timestamp(1510620813, 2),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:53:33Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:57:13.317Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:57:13.330Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1510621032, 1),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:57:12Z"),
"configVersion" : 1
}
],
"ok" : 1
}

可以看到原來的主節(jié)點狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成了不可達，192.168.221.161:27019已經(jīng)變成新的主節(jié)點
8. 再次啟動原來的主節(jié)點，發(fā)現(xiàn)192.168.221.161:27017還是SECONDARY
repset:SECONDARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "repset",
"date" : ISODate("2017-11-14T17:02:13.837Z"),
"myState" : 2,
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "192.168.221.161:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 5,
"optime" : Timestamp(1510620813, 2),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:53:33Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-14T17:02:12.642Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-14T17:02:11.902Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"configVersion" : 1
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "192.168.221.161:27018",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 59066,
"optime" : Timestamp(1510620813, 2),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:53:33Z"),
"configVersion" : 1,
"self" : true
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "192.168.221.161:27019",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 57916,
"optime" : Timestamp(1510620813, 2),
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:53:33Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-14T17:02:12.308Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-14T17:02:12.080Z"),
"pingMs" : 0,
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1510621032, 1),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2017-11-14T00:57:12Z"),
"configVersion" : 1
}
],
"ok" : 1
}

現(xiàn)在，mongodb的副本集群已經(jīng)完成了。
接下來是關(guān)于mongodb的讀寫分離和分片的內(nèi)容

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