若患者患有膀胱過度活動(dòng)癥，醫(yī)生會(huì)推薦進(jìn)行藥物治療，旨在減輕患者尿急和尿頻等癥狀，同時(shí)預(yù)防意外事故。有效的藥物治療包括抗毒蕈堿藥物或β3受體激動(dòng)劑。

本動(dòng)畫展示了這些藥物在人體內(nèi)如何發(fā)揮作用以及可能發(fā)生哪些副作用。膀胱過度活動(dòng)癥簡稱OAB，臨床表現(xiàn)為突發(fā)強(qiáng)烈的排尿欲望，且很難主觀控制膀胱逼尿肌的收縮，抗毒蕈堿藥物或β3受體激動(dòng)劑等藥物治療，能在不同方面減輕這種肌肉收縮。兩種藥物均為口服，抗毒蕈堿藥物作用于膀胱肌肉的特定部位，從而弱化逼尿肌收縮對(duì)大腦發(fā)出的信號(hào)，進(jìn)而擴(kuò)大膀胱容量，減少患者產(chǎn)生尿意的頻率，但抗毒蕈堿藥物同時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)身體其他部位產(chǎn)生作用，可能會(huì)引起副作用，常見副作用包括嘴唇干裂、眼睛干澀以及便秘，可通過控制用藥劑量進(jìn)行緩解。β3受體激動(dòng)劑對(duì)治療膀胱過度活動(dòng)癥也很有效，但也會(huì)引起副作用，β3受體激動(dòng)劑作用的膀胱肌肉與抗毒蕈堿藥物不同，可幫助膀胱肌肉放松，停止收縮，從而擴(kuò)大膀胱容量，減少患者產(chǎn)生尿意的頻率，在使用β3受體激動(dòng)劑進(jìn)行藥物治療之前，患者需先測(cè)量血壓。

抗毒蕈堿藥物或β3受體激動(dòng)劑等藥物治療，可能會(huì)影響患者的身體狀況，例如產(chǎn)生過敏癥狀，這些藥物也可能與其他藥物發(fā)生相互作用，患者需向醫(yī)生詳細(xì)詢問可能發(fā)生的藥物相互作用，副作用過于嚴(yán)重或治療效果不明顯時(shí)，患者可能需要更換治療方法，膀胱過度活動(dòng)癥會(huì)影響生活質(zhì)量。除了藥物治療，膀胱訓(xùn)練與生活習(xí)慣也會(huì)對(duì)癥狀減輕有效果，詳情可咨詢醫(yī)生。

This animation shows how these drugs work in your body and what side effects you may experience.Overactive bladder, or simply OAB, is characterized by the sudden need to urinate,and leads to uncontrolled contractions of the bladder muscle.Drug therapy with antimuscarinics, or with a beta-3 agonist,reduce these contractions in different ways.Both are taken orally.

Antimuscarinics bind to specific sites on the bladder muscle,which then leads to a reduction in signals that tell the muscle to contract.As a result, your bladder capacity increases and you will feel the need to urinate less often.Antimuscarinics also bind at other sites in the body, potentially causing side effects.The most common are dry mouth, dry eyes and constipation,which can be managed by adjusting the dosage.Drug therapy with a beta-3 agonist is also effective for treating OAB,and causes few side effects.The beta-3 agonist binds to another site on the bladder muscle,which then signals the bladder muscle to relax and stop contracting.As a result, your bladder capacity increases and you will feel the need to urinate less often.Before starting drug therapy with a beta-3 agonist,your blood pressure should be checked.

Drug therapy with antimuscarinics or with a beta-3 agonist can effect medical conditions you may have, like allergies.They also can interact with other medications.Check possible interactions carefully with your doctor.When side effects become too severe or the treatment does not seem to be working,you might need to switch to a different treatment.OAB affects your quality of life.In addition to drug therapy,bladder training and lifestyle advice can help manage your symptoms.Ask your doctor for advice.