部分倒裝句和”完全倒裝句“相比,部分倒裝即只把謂語的一部分(如助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等)放到主語前,或把句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提前。使用部分倒裝的情況包括: 一、only+副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句提前 1. only修飾的狀語(副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)位于句首時。 例句: Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks. 做過三次手術(shù)之后,他才能不用拐杖行走。 Only with more practice can you pass the driving test. 只有多練習(xí)你才能通過駕駛考試。 2. as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前(形容詞, 副詞, 分詞,實(shí)義動詞提前)。 例句: Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 不論他怎么努力,他好像都不能對自己的工作感到滿意。 二、否定詞提前 1.含有否定意義的副詞(never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等)位于句首時。 例句: Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man. 我一生很少見過這么勇敢的人。 Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. 雖然她處于極大的危險(xiǎn)之中,但她根本不顧自己的安全。 2. not until位于句首時。 例句: Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19世紀(jì)初,人們才知道熱是何物。 3.在no sooner...than..., hardly/scarccly/barely...when...結(jié)構(gòu)中,前面部分位于句首時,其后的分句要部分倒裝(謂語用過去完成時)。 例句: Hardly had the baby seen the dog when she cried. 那女嬰一看到狗就哭了起來。 No sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country. 那位翻譯剛踏進(jìn)國門就又受命要去他國。 4. not only...(but also)...位于句首引導(dǎo)兩個分句時,前一個分句中的主謂要采用部分倒裝,第二個分句則不倒裝。 例句: Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels. 他不但在學(xué)校教書,而且還寫小說。 Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently. 她不但說得正確,而且說得流利。 三、部分倒裝固定用法 1. so/neither/nor開頭的句子,說明前面的內(nèi)容也適用于后者時,用倒裝句“so/neither/nor+be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”。 例句: She has been to Dalian and so have I. 她去過大連,我也去過。 John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen. 約翰不會講日語,海倫也不會。 2.在so/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中,so/such及其修飾部分位于句首時,主句要用部分倒裝。 例句: So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest. 那女孩那么漂亮,她在選美比賽中獲得冠軍。 Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved. 他發(fā)表的演說那么有教育意義,以至于所有的聽眾都很感動。 3.在含有were/had/should虛擬條件句中,省去if,把這三個詞放在句首時。 例句: Were she here now(=If she were here now), she would take good care of her parents. 如果她現(xiàn)在在這兒,她就能照顧她的父母了。 Had you attended the graduate ceremony(=If you had attended the graduate ceremony), I should have seen you. 要是你參加了畢業(yè)典禮,我就會見到你了。 4. .在某些表示祝愿的句子中。 例句: May you be happy! 祝你幸福! 難點(diǎn)以neither, nor, so等開始的句子:由so引起的表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西的句子(肯定句),由neither, nor引起的表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(否定句),助動詞或be置于主語前。 易錯點(diǎn)1.在not until復(fù)合句中,只有主句用倒裝,until引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝。 例句: Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直到失去健康才會戒酒。 2. as /though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句需注意: 1).句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。 2).句首是實(shí)義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動詞有賓語和狀語,隨實(shí)義動詞一起放在主語之前。 題模精講So heavy ______ that I felt great relief after taking it off. ( ) A、is the load B、the load was C、was the load D、the load is 答案:C 解析:在so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中,若將so+adj. /adv.置于句首,則其后的主句要用部分倒裝,此時可排除B和D;根據(jù)后面的語境'I felt greatrelief'可知事情發(fā)生在過去,可排除A. ---Why can't I smoke here? ---At no time _________ in the meeting room. A、is smoking permitted B、smoking is permitted C、does smoking permit D、smoking does permit 答案:A 解析:分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,位于句首的是一個表示否定的介詞短語atno time(任何時候都不),所以要使用部分倒裝的語序,首先排除掉B和D選項(xiàng);smoking為動名詞作主語,表示吸煙的行為是不被允許的,所以使用被動語態(tài);故選A. 關(guān)注思高課堂,獲取更多學(xué)習(xí)資料! |
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