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翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) The criteria(standard)of translation 信達(dá)雅 Fidelity(faithfulness) Fluency(expressiveness) Elegance(flair) 透徹的理解 have a thorough understanding 準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá) precise(accurate) expression 意譯 free (liberal) translation 直譯 literal translation 死譯 word-for-word translation 活譯 dynamic equivalence translation 重譯 repetition 增譯 (contextual) amplification 減譯 omission 詞類轉(zhuǎn)移 conversion 詞序調(diào)整 inversion 分譯 division 正說反譯/反說正譯 negation 語態(tài)變換 the change of the voice 歸化/異化 Foreignizing/ Alienation; Domesticating/ Adaptation 對等 equivalence 形式對等 formal correspondence 動態(tài)（靈活）對等 dynamic equivalence 意義對等 equivalence in terms of meaning 風(fēng)格對等 equivalence in terms of style 意合 Parataxis 形合 Hypotaxis 欠額翻譯（過載翻譯）under translation (overloaded translation) 校核 rectification 釋義 paraphrase 翻譯學(xué) translatology 翻譯科學(xué) science of translating 神似 be alike in spirit (be an excellent likeness) 化鏡 sublimity (perfection) 已入化境 reach(attain) perfection 和諧 harmonious 和諧一致 in perfect harmony 不僅形似而且神似 be alike not only in appearance(form) but also in spirit 寧信而不雅 It is better to be faithful than to be elegant 寧順而不信，寧信而不順 It is better to have a smooth version than a faithful one Rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language) 保持原文的豐姿 keep the full flavor of the original work 忠實(shí)通順 Faithful(ness) and smooth(ness) (clear and coherent) 忠實(shí)的譯文 translation true to the original 忠實(shí)于原文 true(faithful) to the original 句子不通 the sentence doesn’t read smoothly 他的翻譯通順易懂 his interpretation is coherent and intelligible （泰特勒Tytler提出的）翻譯三原則： 1， 譯文應(yīng)完整地再現(xiàn)原文的思想內(nèi)容 That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work 2， 譯文的風(fēng)格，筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文的性質(zhì)相同 That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original 3， 譯文應(yīng)象原文一樣自然流暢 That the translation should have all the ease of the original composition Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have 1. a good command of the source language 2. a good command of the target language 3. a wide range and scope of knowledge 4. a high political consciousness 5. a necessary knowledge of basic techniques (skills) used in translation |
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