Depending on how we understand how theinfant comes to know external reality and becomes able to benefit from it, thecapacity to ‘use’ it will have consequences for how we understand various formsof aggressive behaviour in treatment.

基于我們?nèi)绾卫斫鈰雰海瑡雰喝绾伍_始知道外在現(xiàn)實，并且能夠從中獲益，有能力“利用”外在現(xiàn)實，這會對我們怎樣理解治療中的各種形式的攻擊性行為產(chǎn)生影響。

From the paradoxical unity in early life ofthe ‘environment–individual set-up’ (Winnicott, 1952a: 99), the infant’s owndevelopmental achievement consists in emerging as a separate entity, capable of‘finding’ a world and others outside himself. Winnicott’s emphasizesthat this step, which relies on a two-person (mother and infant) view, cannotbe taken for granted.

從早期生活中的“環(huán)境-個體組合”的矛盾同一體（溫尼科特，1952a，99頁）出發(fā)，嬰兒發(fā)展的成就包括成為分離的個體、“發(fā)現(xiàn)”這個世界以及除了自己之外其他人的能力。溫尼科特強調(diào)這些步驟依托于二人（母嬰）關(guān)系，而不是想當然就出現(xiàn)的。

The baby “destroys” the mother in fantasythrough his pre-ruth relating .

由于前同情的關(guān)聯(lián)，嬰兒在幻想中“破壞”了自己的媽媽。

The externality of the object  is created by the object (mother) survivingthe baby`s “attacks”. Her survival capacity allows the infant to find her in the world after first havingomnipotently created her there in fantasy. This change means the subjectdestroys the object  ... and the objectsurvives and here fantasy begins.

客體的外在屬性是通過客體（媽媽）在嬰兒的“攻擊”下存活下來而被創(chuàng)造出來的。嬰兒在最開始通過全能感在幻想中創(chuàng)造出媽媽之后，媽媽存活下去的能力能讓嬰兒在世界里發(fā)現(xiàn)她。這樣的變化意味著主體會破壞客體……而當客體存活下去的時候幻想就開始了。

What is destroyed and what enabled ?  The mother’s non-retaliatory presence enablesthe baby to discover the limits of his omnipotence and hence the beginnings ofhis sense of ‘I’ and ‘you’.

什么被破壞了，又讓什么得以成為可能？媽媽不會去報復(fù)的存在讓寶寶發(fā)現(xiàn)他自己的全能感是有限的，因此他對“我”和“你”的感覺開始萌芽。

The way the mother responds to the baby`s“aggressive attacks” is  crucial.   surviving means not retaliating, but remaining present, real and emotionally available.  A depressed or an angry mother would findthis very hard to do. Only when there is true separation in these terms can theyoung child become capable of “concern”

母親回應(yīng)嬰兒“攻擊性襲擊”的方式至關(guān)重要。存活下來意味著不去報復(fù)，而一直在那里，真實的、并且情感上可獲得。一個抑郁的或憤怒的母親可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)這很困難。只有當真正的分離出現(xiàn)了，幼兒才能開始具備“關(guān)切”的能力。