定語從句知識點匯總

一、先行詞

二、關(guān)系詞

1.關(guān)系代詞：

2.關(guān)系副詞：

三、分類

1.限制性定語從句：對先行詞有限制，區(qū)分的作用，并與先行詞有著不可分割的關(guān)系，不能省略

2.非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明的作用，可省略不會影響主句的意思，與主句用逗號隔開

3.區(qū)別：

1.非限制性定語從句的特殊情況

4.1有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定語從句，其含義不同

There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China.

There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China.

2.關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

四、關(guān)系詞的用法

1.which,that

which指物，在從句中作主語，賓語

that指人或物，指人可與who，whom互換；指物可與which互換

2.who,whom

從句中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞詞前，whom作賓語，不能用who代替

In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.

先行詞為指人的one,ones,anyone或those時，關(guān)系代詞用who；雙重定語從句中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個指人的關(guān)系代詞用who。

3.whose

表示“……的”?？芍溉嘶蛭?。用來指物時，

whose+名詞=限定詞+名詞+of which=of which+限定詞+名詞

The house whose windows face south is ours.

The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours.

4. as

作為關(guān)系代詞可指人或物，在從句中作主語，賓語或表語。

一般用于such...as 、the same...as 、as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“像”的意思

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.

They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.

He is not the same man as he was.

4.1the same...as/that...和such...as/that

①the same...as/that...

as引導(dǎo)的定語從句往往側(cè)重方式：I bought the same phone as you bought.

that引導(dǎo)的定語從句側(cè)重指同一個對象：I met the same person that I saw that day.

②such...as/that

as引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，賓語等：Peter is not such an intelligent person as you think.

that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，在句子中不作成分：He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him.

4.2 as和which的區(qū)別

①④⑤⑥⑦⑧都可以用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換

②as引導(dǎo)的從句可以位于主句之前，之中和之后；而which只能位于主句之后

③當(dāng)非限制性定語從句為否定句或謂語帶的是復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)時，用which來引導(dǎo)

He criticized Mary in public,which she doesn’t like at all.

He was always late for school,which made his teacher unhappy.

④先行詞作主語且定語從句為被動語態(tài)時，通常用as不用which；如果從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般用which作主語

She passed the exam, as was expected.

Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy.

⑤當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，通常用which不用as

Tom was late for work again and again,which made his boss very angry.

⑥固定搭配：

as we know/as is known to all

as we all can see

as has been said before/above

as might be expected

as is often the case

⑦在從句中作介詞賓語時，只能用which

She might possibly come,in which case I’ll tell you.

5.只用that不用which

5.1 當(dāng)先行詞是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時。

5.2當(dāng)先行詞被the only,the last,the very等修飾時。

5.3當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。

5.4當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。

5.5當(dāng)先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。

5.6當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。

5.7當(dāng)先行詞是主句的表語，或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時：Jack is not the man that he was.

5.8當(dāng)主句以here,there開頭且先行詞是指物的名詞時。

6.只用which不用that

6.1關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。

6.2在非限制性定語從句中。

6.3先行詞本身是that,those（指物）或雙重定語從句中其中一個已用關(guān)系代詞that時。

6.4先行詞后有插入語時。

Here is the CD which,as I have told you, is a great help to you.

7.只用who不用that

7.1先行詞為表示人的不定代詞anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,one,no one時。

7.2先行詞為those且指人時。

7.3在指人的非限制性定語從句中。

8.which/that/what

連接詞what可以看作關(guān)系代詞和先行詞的結(jié)合，即what=the person/place/thing which/that。

表示“所....的?！?/span>

what 不引導(dǎo)定語從句，而是引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。what引導(dǎo)句子，沒有先行詞，起名詞作用。What引導(dǎo)賓語從句可以和that引導(dǎo)的定語從句互換。

Tell me anything (that) you know.=Tell me what you know.

9.介詞+關(guān)系代詞

既能夠引導(dǎo)限制性，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。指物用which，指人用whom。介詞不可省略，如果要省略，必須將介詞放在從句句末。

9.1介詞的確定

①根據(jù)定語從句中動詞，形容詞所需要的習(xí)慣搭配來確定。

②根據(jù)先行詞搭配的具體含義來確定。

③根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。

9.2介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的變式

①介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式

She must have time in which she could grow calm.(=in which to grow calm)

Frank’s dream is to have his own garden in which he can produce many beautiful flowers.(=in which to produce many beautiful flowers)

②名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞

He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely.

There are about 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from Haidian District.

10.關(guān)系副詞：

作時間狀語：when=at/in/on/during which

作地點狀語：where=in/at/to/on which

作原因狀語：why=for which

10.1 辨析The reason why.../The reason that.../The reason is that...

The reason why...中why引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，why在句子中作原因狀語，可以替換成for which。

The reason that...中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，that不作成分，that后面的內(nèi)容說明reason的內(nèi)容。

The reason is that...是that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，不能用because,以免重復(fù)。

五、其他

1.主謂一致：從句中的謂語動詞要和先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。在“(the) one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中的謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是在the one of +復(fù)數(shù)形式或the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

2.關(guān)系詞的省略與不可省略：

2.1關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作動詞的賓語，表語時可以省略

2.2關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞在從句句尾時

2.3非限制性定從中的關(guān)系代詞不可省略

2.4介詞+關(guān)系代詞中的關(guān)系代詞不可省略

2.5表示時間的名詞后關(guān)系副詞可以省略，如the time,the moment

2.6表示地點名詞后關(guān)系副詞可以省略，如the place

2.7先行詞the reason后面的關(guān)系副詞可以省略

2.8先行詞為way（方法，手段）時，關(guān)系副詞可以省略

3.如何判斷定語從句和同位語從句

3.1根據(jù)that在從句中是否作成分來判斷：that在定語從句中擔(dān)任成分，在同位語從句中不做成分。

The news(that)he told me yesterday is not true.

The news that he singer will come here is not true.

3.2根據(jù)意思來判斷：在引導(dǎo)詞前加is后，如果句子成立就是同位語從句，否則是定語從句。

The news is (that) he told me yesterday.句子不成立

The news is that the singer will come here.句子成立

4.定語從句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?/span>ing和ed形式

4.1直接轉(zhuǎn)化為ing或ed形式,，去掉定語從句中who/which  is/was/are/were.

The boy (who is ) playing the piano is from London.

I like this film,(which was) directed by Zhang Yimou.

4.2將句子中的動詞進(jìn)行ing形式轉(zhuǎn)化

①The number of people who learn Chinese rises each year.

=The number of people learning Chinese rises each year.

②My grandfather,who hasn’t been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.

=My grandfather,not having been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.

=Not having been used to living in the city, my grandfather has decided to settle in the country.