04-30 120 20205 kelvin1945

正文翻譯

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The construction of a new high-speed railway line in India is scheduled to officially get underway this year, connecting the commercial capital of Mumbai and the industrial city of Ahmedabad in the western part of the country. The project to build the line fashioned after Japan’s shinkansen system is a product of an agreement between Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and his Indian counterpart, Narendra Modi, in their December 2015 summit.

印度連接經(jīng)濟首都孟買和西部工業(yè)城市艾哈邁達巴德的高速鐵路官方計劃今年開始動工。
這個計劃建造日本新干線模式的高鐵項目是日本首相安倍晉三和印度伙伴納倫德拉 莫迪 在2015年12月的峰會上的產(chǎn)品。

Yet anxiety is already rising due to soaring costs brought about by haphazard policies of the Indian government, leading both the Japanese government and Japanese firms to start getting bogged down.

然而由于印度政府混亂的管理產(chǎn)生的飆升的成本讓人們感覺到焦慮。這讓日本政府和企業(yè)都陷入了泥沼。

On Sept. 14 last year, less than two years after the summit, a groundbreaking ceremony was held in Ahmedabad, attended by both Abe and Modi. The total cost of the project is set at 1.08 trillion rupees (about ￥1.8 trillion). Of that total, 880 billion rupees (about ￥1.46 trillion) earmarked for the actual construction work is to be funded by yen-denominated loans from the Japanese government with an annual interest rate of 0.1 percent and repayable in 50 years.

在去年的9月14日，峰會后不到兩年，在艾哈邁達巴德舉行了盛大的啟動儀式，安倍和莫迪都參加了儀式。工程總成本計劃為1.08萬億盧比（1.8萬億日元）。全部成本中，用于實際建設工作的8800億盧比(1.46萬億日元)由日本政府提供日元貸款，年利率為0.1%，期限為50年。

The terms of the loans, which a Japanese Foreign Ministry official said are “exceptionally generous,” show how infatuated Tokyo is with the project. Indeed, Modi said at the groundbreaking ceremony that Japan was providing India with funds at a near zero interest rate.

貸款的條款，用日本首相的官方發(fā)言來說,是“極度的慷慨”，展現(xiàn)了東京對這個項目的執(zhí)迷。確實，莫迪也在啟動儀式上說日本幾乎提供了零利率的的資金。

Maybe India feels that the railway line will be constructed by Japan virtually for free. An Indian official confided that the yen-denominated loans come close to a “gift” if inflation is taken into consideration.

大概是因為印度認為這條鐵路線將要由日本人幾乎免費建造。一個印度官員私下吐露日元貸款如果考慮到貶值的話，幾乎就是個“禮物”。

In mid-March, meanwhile, more than 60,000 farmers took to the streets in Mumbai, which is in the state of Maharashtra, demanding full implementation of the promise made by the Maharashtra state government to forgive their debts and also seeking higher purchase prices for agricultural products.

然而，在3月中旬，超過6萬名馬哈拉施特拉邦的孟買的農(nóng)民走上街頭，要求馬哈拉施特拉邦政府履行其承諾，免除其債務并且尋求農(nóng)產(chǎn)品更高的售價。

The state government of Maharashtra gave into the farmers’ demands and promised full cancelation of all of their debts. Why was the state government so generous to the farmers even at the risk of creating a moral hazard? The answer is simple. There will be general elections next year and the Modi regime cannot afford to antagonize farmers, who account for 60 percent of the nation’s eligible voters. And the farmers know that the government cannot ignore their demands.

馬哈拉施特拉邦政府允諾了農(nóng)民的要求，承諾完全免除他們所有的債務。為什么馬哈拉施特拉邦政府對農(nóng)民如此慷慨即使會因此產(chǎn)生道德風險?答案很簡單。下一年會有選舉，莫迪政權無法承受惹怒農(nóng)民，這些農(nóng)民組成了全國60%的有效選舉者。而且農(nóng)民們知道政府無法忽略他們的要求。

Noteworthy is the fact that the agreement reached between the state government and the farmers included a provision on the “Bullet Train,” which stipulates that the wishes of landowners will be fully taken into account in connection with the construction of the high-speed railway. This vaguely worded provision could lead to an unrestrained escalation of the farmers’ demands when it comes to the purchase of their land for the project.

值得注意的是，事實上邦政府和農(nóng)民達成的協(xié)議中包含了一個關于“高速列車”的條款。這個條款激起了土地所有者參與到高速鐵路項目中去的愿望。當項目征收土地時，這個用詞含糊不清的條款可能會導致農(nóng)民的要求不受約束的增加。

Indeed, land acquisition for the project is progressing at an extremely slow pace. Because India is a democratic country, the government cannot forcibly take property away from its citizens as China is doing. When the high-speed railway project plan was started, earthen embankments were to be built along 322 km, or 64 percent, of the total 505 km of tracks between Mumbai and Ahmedabad.

事實上，項目征地進展的極度緩慢。因為印度是個民主國家，政府不能像中國那樣強制奪取公民的財產(chǎn)。當高速鐵路項目開始的時候，孟買到艾哈邁達巴德之間的322公里（505公里中的64%）鐵路的路堤將要被修建。

Although elevated railroads were originally planned to cover 144 km, or 28 percent of the total, the elevated portions have been made much longer and the embankments much shorter. India made the changes on the grounds that it is too time-consuming to purchase land for embankments and that embankments will carry an inherent danger of trains colliding with people and cattle. But the real reason for the changes was that since purchase of land is not covered by the yen-denominated loans from Japan and is supposed to be carried out by the Indian side, India wanted to reduce its costs.

盡管原計劃高架橋要覆蓋144公里（總長的28%），但實際高架橋部分比之前長很多，路堤部分相應也短了很多。印度做出這樣的變動是基于路堤征地太費時間，路堤先天具有易與列車，人和牲畜相撞的危險等理由。但變動真實的原因是征地沒有被日本提供的日元貸款所覆蓋，而應該由印度方面負責完成，印度想節(jié)約成本。

Ultimately about 90 percent of the entire railway line will be elevated. But this change has not been reported by the media. Strangely, the total cost of the project remains unchanged from 2015 at ￥1.8 trillion even though a railway journalist points out that changing from an embankment to an elevated railroad will more than triple the construction cost. A staff member of a Japanese trading firm stationed in India says that the change will fatten the total cost by hundreds of billions of yen. Yet no such figures have been made public.

最終90%的鐵路線路將會采用高架橋形式。但是這個改變并沒有被媒體報道。但奇怪的是，項目總成本仍然保持不變，維持在2015年的1.8萬億，盡管一個記者曾指出從路堤變成高架橋建設成本會是之前的3倍。一個日本駐印度貿(mào)易公司的員工說這個變化會導致成本增加幾千億日元。然而這樣的數(shù)字公眾并不知道。

Arbitrary changes by India are not limited to this. New Delhi has now told Tokyo that the date for starting the operation of the high-speed train services will be moved up by one year from the original target date of 2023 as agreed on at the groundbreaking event. This came as a total surprise to Japan even though local media quoted a high-ranking Indian government official as saying that the train services will start in 2022 to mark the 75th anniversary of India’s independence.

印度這種隨心所欲的變更并不僅限于此。新德里現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)告訴東京高速鐵路項目提供服務的日期由之前在啟動儀式上一致同意的2023提前一年。這對日本來說完全是個突襲，盡管當?shù)孛襟w引用了一個高階印度政府官員的話稱高速列車將要在2022年開始提供服務用于紀念印度獨立75周年。

When Keiichi Ishii, the minister of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism, visited India last December, the Indian side is said to have hinted at a partial opening of the projected railway line.

當日本國土交通大臣石井啟一在去年12月訪問印度的時候，據(jù)稱印度方面在部分開放的規(guī)劃中的鐵路線路對此變化進行了暗示。

Since the high-speed train project is a showpiece project for the Modi administration, India arbitrarily changes plans, unmindful of the situation faced by Japan.

因為高速鐵路項目是莫迪執(zhí)政的一個展示工程，所以印度隨意更改計劃，不顧日本所面臨的狀況。

Accelerating the speed of construction will naturally entail additional costs. It appears all but certain that India will ask Japan to shoulder the increased costs as a matter of course. If the aforementioned agreement with the farmers is implemented arbitrarily, there will be a chance that India will ask for changes in the railway route as well as for changes in the specifications of the railway system. The construction costs will most likely rise, and there is no chance that they will go down.

加速修建計劃將自然會增加額外的成本。顯然印度會要求日本共同承擔增加的成本。如果之前提到的與農(nóng)民的協(xié)議被強行執(zhí)行的話，可能印度會要求改變鐵路路線以及鐵路系統(tǒng)的規(guī)格。建設成本極可能會升高，不可能下降。

One of the reasons Japan was able to grab the contract for the Indian project despite stiff competition with other countries was the safety proven by its shinkansen system, which is said to be the “world’s best.” But a major crack found last December on a bogie frame of a shinkansen car could shake the system’s reputation for safety.

日本能夠在同其他國家激烈的競爭中得到這個印度項目的一個原因是新干線系統(tǒng)的據(jù)稱有“世界最高”的安全性。但去年12月在新干線車廂的轉向架發(fā)現(xiàn)的裂痕可能會動搖這個系統(tǒng)安全性的名聲。

An official of the Japanese transport ministry has expressed fear that this incident might lead India to sound out other countries about manufacturing the rolling stock or demand more use of Indian products for the project.

日本交通省的一名官員表達了這個事件可能會導致印度向其他國家尋求制造列車或者要求更多使用印度產(chǎn)品的擔憂。

Japan offered extraordinarily favorable loan terms to India for constructing the Mumbai-Ahmedabad railway line because it expected that Japanese companies would be able to win similar deals for speed-train railway projects covering all of the subcontinent. But the aforementioned railway journalist says that India has not made any decision on other projects and that there is a high possibility those projects will be awarded to Europe or China.

日本為孟買到艾哈邁達巴德的高鐵提供了優(yōu)厚的貸款條件因為它期望日本公司能夠贏下南亞大陸類似的其他高鐵項目。但之前提到的鐵路記者說印度還沒有對其他項目做出任何決定，而且有很高的可能性這些項目會給歐洲或者中國。

Earlier this year it was reported that a joint venture including Obayashi Corp., a major Japanese general contractor, will likely win an order to build a high-speed railway section near Ahmedabad. That means that Japan has already gone beyond the point of no return as far as the Mumbai-Ahmedabad project is concerned.

今年年初，一個包括大林組株式會社（一個日本主要的建筑商）的合資公司很有可能會獲得一個建造艾哈邁達巴德周邊段的高鐵訂單。這意味著日本在孟買到艾哈邁達巴德的高鐵項目上已經(jīng)沒有回頭之路。

At the groundbreaking ceremony last September, Abe said both the private and public sectors of Japan will work hard together for the good of India. But Japan now faces the possibility of wastefully pouring large sums of Japanese taxpayers’ money into the project. That would be the price that the Japanese people would be paying for their government committing itself to a project without fully considering the possible consequences.

在去年9月的啟動儀式上，安倍說日本政府和私營企業(yè)將會為亞洲的利益共同努力。但日本面臨著將日本納稅者的錢大量的浪費到這個項目上的可能性。這將是日本人民為他們的政府沒有全盤考慮可能的后果而買單。
 

評論翻譯

原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www. 翻譯：kelvin1945 轉載請注明出處
論壇地址：http://www./bbs/thread-474817-1-1.html

Mesquite Ice · a day ago 
The author does not understand business or economics. Every trial project is a potential waste, but companies that believe in their products are confident enough to offer it free for the first time. Japanese banks anyway led at sub zero rates to japanese industry and therefore this deal is a good way for them to hedge their risks while also globalising the SHINKANSEN brand. Today the mantra is Build Operate Transfer. The author is assuming that farm loan waivers would mean that lands cannot be acquired. The author should see that actually so much highways are being laid out daily in India by acquiring lands from farmers. Every opportunity will come with a risk and therefore the Author cannot get one without the other

這個作者不懂商業(yè)或者經(jīng)濟。每一個實驗項目都有可能是個浪費，但是對相信自己產(chǎn)品的公司由足夠的信心為第一個項目提供免費服務。不管怎樣，日本銀行為日本企業(yè)采取負利率，因此這個項目對于他們來說是規(guī)避風險的好機會，同時還提升新干線品牌的國際化?，F(xiàn)在奉行的準則是“建造”，“運營”，“移交”。作者假設農(nóng)民的貸款波動會意味著無法征收到土地。作者應該看看現(xiàn)在每天印度實際通過從農(nóng)民征地建造的高速公路。每個機會都會伴隨著風險，因此作者你不能因噎廢食。

rohit  @Mesquite Ice  · a day ago 
totally agree. i also said there is no free lunch, but the author just cannot see our point that comparatively this is actually a great deal for both countries. In my opinion there is definitely a quid pro quo for both countries, like you said with much scope for HSR development, shinkansen branding, and institutional collaboration between india and japan in the future. Also like you said on the ground the lands are being acquired. in fact it just came out today that 51% of acquisition work for mumbai and 58% for gujarat is already completed. hope one day the author can open his eyes from the cattle picture in bad taste that he has posted, and see the ground reality that this project is nearer to completion day-by-day, and in all likelihood will be finished by 2022.

完全同意。我也說過沒有免費的午餐，但是作者就是沒有看到事實上這對兩個國家都相當重要。在我看來，這對兩個國家是對等的。就像你說的，高速鐵路建設的巨大影響，新干線品牌的提升，日本-印度之間未來緊密的合作等。也正如你說的，地面上土地被征用，事實上到今天孟買51%的土地征用工作和古吉拉特邦58%的工作已經(jīng)完成。希望有一天作者能從他糟糕品味描繪的牲口照片中睜開眼睛看看基本現(xiàn)實是這個項目正在每天正在朝完工靠近，并很有可能在2022年完工。

Mohammad John Lim · 2 days ago 
china has the final laugh for not getting this project.....

中國因為沒拿下這個項目而笑到最后….

Amit · 2 days ago
Election year would mean many of these plans would be thrown to the wind - the government is obviously more focused on keeping itself in power than Mumbai-Ahmedabad HSR, which will not fetch any votes. And most of the 'free press' in India anyway bat for the government these days, so these will not be in the news.

選舉年意味著很多這樣的計劃會被丟在風中 - 比起孟買艾哈邁達巴德高鐵這個不會增加選票的項目政府明顯更在意維持自己的政權。印度大多數(shù)的“自由媒體”當前總歸會為政府辯護，所以這些不會出現(xiàn)在新聞中。

However the calculation based on 0.1% JPY loan is flawed, because this doesn't account for FX rate forecast over next 20-30 years as well as the long term yields of the two currencies. When we take all these into account (which are all based on a lot of assumptions, anyway) the loan doesn't look 'extremely generous' at all, because the FX risk is borne out by the Indian govt. and not the Japanese govt. And anyway, JPY has close to zero interest rate for decades and on top of that we have quantitative easing going on for years.

然而基于0.1%日元貸款的計算是錯誤的，因為這個計算沒有包含貨幣外匯匯率今后20-30年的預計以及兩種貨幣的長期收益率。當我們把所有這些納入考慮時（當然，都是基于很多的假設），這個貸款根本就不“極度慷慨”，因為外匯風險被印度政府證實，而不是日本政府。不管怎樣，日元幾十年來都是幾乎零利率，除此之外我們幾年來一直在量化寬松。

In geopolitical dynamics, all 'free press' end up as the cheerleaders for their own country and so called 'generosities' are extremely rare (Germany's refugee policy is one such example).

在地緣政治中，所有的“自由媒體”最終都會維護自己的國家利益，所謂的“慷慨”極度的罕見（德國的難民制度就是這樣一個例子）。

rohit  @Amit · 2 days ago 
in the context of country to country loans given out, this is amongst the most generous loans given out by japan to other countries for sure. if not, please provide evidence, fx exchange forecasts can also go in indias favor as the yen weakens, so that means absolutely zero. of course at the end of the day there is no free lunch, but lokking at the gamut of deals in the international ambit india definitely came out ahead in this one. as an indian i heavily disagree with you, as mr. prabhu and the bjp government have been steadfast in their commitment to this project. you cannot just say they will leave it for vote pandering, this is NOT congress. mind your words. it is definitely a boon to india, and WILL spark a boom of hsr in the years to come, despite naysayers like you, mark my words.

在國與國之間的國家貸款中，這肯定是相對日本給與其他國家的貸款中最慷慨其中的一個了。如果不是，請給出證據(jù)。外匯匯率的預測當日元變?nèi)醯臅r候也有可能對印度有利，所以這沒有任何意義。當然沒有免費的午餐，但是看看全世界的大量的合同，印度的這一個絕對是領先了。作為一個印度人，我嚴重的不同意你，尤其當普拉布先生和印度人民黨政府堅定不移的投入到這個項目中時。你不能說他們?yōu)榱擞线x票而對它置之不理，他們不是國大黨。注意你的語言。這對印度絕對是個恩惠，也將會在接下來的幾年讓印度的高速鐵路蓬勃發(fā)展，盡管有你這樣的反對者。記住我的話。

GBR48 · 2 days ago
The small print. It's there for a reason.

小號字印刷的附加條款，它在那是有原因的

If the Japanese side have control over materials, tell them to stick to the original costs or you will deliver a Shinkansen made out of cardboard and old bicycle parts. It'll be fine if everyone pedals when they are told to and they keep it out of the rain.

如果日本方面控制原材料，告訴印度人嚴格遵守最初成本否則你們會得到紙板和舊自行車零件組裝的新干線。如果人們被告知只能踩腳踏車不會有什么問題的，他們還會不讓雨淋了他的腳踏車。

Next time, don't leave your taxpayers contractually exposed to such third world shenanighans. 

下次，別讓你的納稅者面對這樣的第三世界鬼把戲。

rohit · 2 days ago +3
third world shenanigans? oh shove it. give me a break. this is absolutely just the author hating on india. most of the allegations put forth are false, and the author is trying to paint a backwards image of india by putting a picture of a man with a turban next to cattle. construction on the line has already begun. we wear suits and ties with hard hats now, not turbans. he has negated to mention that there will be no cattle zones, and there is simply no such stipulation ambiguously worded for the bullet train that would have japanese taxpayers bearing the cost. stop spreading misinformation, and hate in the india japan relationship. we will succeed despite your best efforts.

第三世界的鬼把戲？算了，饒了我吧。這絕對因為是作者恨印度。大部分提到的指控都是錯誤的。作者試圖通過描繪一個站立在牛旁邊帶著頭巾的人的畫面來傳達落后的印度的印象。工程的建設已經(jīng)開始。我們現(xiàn)在穿著西裝，打著領帶，戴上了安全帽而不是頭巾。他沒有提到將不會有牲口區(qū)域。同樣也沒有什么會讓日本納稅者承擔成本的關于高速列車用詞含糊不清的條款。停止散播虛假消息和對印日關系的仇恨。盡管你很努力的詆毀但我們還是會成功。

jack  rohit · 6 hours ago
that picture in particular -- quite offensive.

特別是那個圖片-非常冒犯。

ack · 6 hours ago
This is a huge misconception about land acquisition, and the take away is habitual underrating of China's ability. Taking land away has nothing to do with democratic systems or not. Lets not blindly repeat this mantra. US has eminent domain laws that allow the government to take land as well. (Sanity check wikipedia) Its about legal systems and their implementation. News has a bad habit to promote misconceptions and to dumb everything down, please study more the wide variety of land acquisition laws around the globe.

這是對征地的巨大誤解，剝奪是對中國能力的習慣性詆毀。征地跟民主與否沒有一點關系。讓我們別再盲目的重復這個教條。美國有民地徵用法允許政府強制獲取土地（合理性檢查- wikipedia）。這關乎于法律系統(tǒng)和它們的實施。新聞有個推廣錯誤認知的壞習慣，并且讓人們變傻。請更多的了解世界各國的土地征用的多樣性。

John von Shepard · 14 hours ago
Never fund anything in India! I remember watching this documentary about big American Wall street company building high tech power station in India and they lose all they their money because Indian don't have the money to pay for electricity bill.

永遠不要資助印度的任何東西。我記得看一個紀錄片關于一個大型美國華爾街公司在印度建造高科技電站，然后他們賠光了所有錢因為印度人沒有錢付他們的電費。
 

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