yǐn yǔ

1.適于引用的著名的、杰出的或流行的段落。如:~集錦。

直接引語(yǔ):直接引述別人的話(huà)(句子中有"")。

間接引語(yǔ):用自己的話(huà)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(huà)，叫"間接引語(yǔ)"(句子中一般無(wú)"")

A.一般不表示請(qǐng)求或祈使的句子改為一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句

1.連詞

若直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容是陳述句，那么改為間接時(shí)，要用連詞 that (可以省略)

若直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容是一般疑問(wèn)句，那么改為間接時(shí) ，要用連詞 if/whether (不可以省略)

若直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容是特殊疑問(wèn)句，那么改為間接時(shí) .，要用連詞 wh- 即特殊疑問(wèn)詞本身(不可省)

2.變化

(1)主句動(dòng)詞的變化

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為said或said to，變?yōu)?a target="_blank">間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)，said不變。當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，則要把said或said to變?yōu)閍sked / asked sb.

(2)從句人稱(chēng)的變化

由直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)要遵循一主、二賓、三不變的原則。①直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)變?yōu)?a target="_blank">間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要和主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。②如果直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)變?yōu)?a target="_blank">間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要與主句的賓語(yǔ)保持一致。③如果直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)變?yōu)?a target="_blank">間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱(chēng)不變。例如:

①They said, "We will go there by bus." →They said they would go there by bus.

②She said to me, "Are you interested in science?" →She asked me if I was interested in science.

③His mother said to me, "He can't go to school." →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.

(3)、從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化

a. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)則應(yīng)是與主句時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過(guò)去時(shí);②一般過(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí);③現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);④現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí);⑤過(guò)去完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)(不變);⑥一般將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如:

The girl said, "I'm sorry for being late for class." →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.

b. 直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)?a target="_blank">間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。例如:

He says, "I have finished my homework." →He says that he has finished his homework.

She will say, "I'll do it tomorrow." →She will say that she'll do it the next day.

c. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀事實(shí)或真理，變?yōu)?a target="_blank">間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如:

The teacher said, "The earth moves around the sun." →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.

(4)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化

直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，指示代詞的變化為this→that， these→those等;時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化為now→then， today→that day， yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等;地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化為here→there;動(dòng)詞的變化為come→go(go 不要變come)。例如:

1. She said, "I will come this evening." →She said that she would go that evening.

2. He said, "My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now." →He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.

B.表示請(qǐng)求或祈使的句子改為句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth

當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示要求時(shí)用tell sb (not) to do sth

當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)用ask sb (not) to do sth

當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示強(qiáng)制要求時(shí)用order sb (not) to do sth