一．解題思路：

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有謂語(yǔ)（限定）動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)（非限定）動(dòng)詞之分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中做謂語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中做除謂語(yǔ)外的其它成分。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在解題時(shí)要全面考慮三個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題即：時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。時(shí)態(tài)是重難點(diǎn)，時(shí)態(tài)指的是一定的時(shí)間里動(dòng)作所處的狀態(tài)，在解題時(shí)我們可以用時(shí)態(tài)的二分法和四分法去分析時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，若句子中沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，我們可以通過(guò)語(yǔ)境的分，去推知?jiǎng)幼魉l(fā)生的時(shí)間。在確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)還要注意說(shuō)話人的意圖及動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)。

二．時(shí)態(tài)的四分法與二分法

時(shí)態(tài)四分法是把時(shí)間分為：過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在，將來(lái)及過(guò)去將來(lái)四種，把動(dòng)作狀態(tài)分為：一般態(tài)，進(jìn)行態(tài)，完成態(tài)及完成進(jìn)行態(tài)四種。根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)的定義，四分法分出了英語(yǔ)中的十六種時(shí)態(tài)。以ask為例，將英語(yǔ)中十六種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下：

時(shí)態(tài)二分法是把時(shí)間分為相對(duì)（相對(duì)于動(dòng)作）具體時(shí)間與非具體時(shí)間兩種，把動(dòng)作狀態(tài)分為一般態(tài)與具體態(tài)兩種，具體態(tài)包括進(jìn)行態(tài)，完成態(tài)及完成進(jìn)行態(tài)。二分法時(shí)間與狀態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系是：具體時(shí)間對(duì)應(yīng)的是具體態(tài)，非具體時(shí)間對(duì)應(yīng)的是一般態(tài)，時(shí)態(tài)的四分法與二分法的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下表：

三．將來(lái)時(shí)的多種表達(dá)方式及區(qū)別：

四.如何運(yùn)用四分法與二分法解題

1. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?

A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed

答案解析：本題沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，只能根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)推理，按時(shí)間的四分法應(yīng)該是過(guò)去，但不知道是過(guò)去什么時(shí)間，因此按二分法為非具體時(shí)間。但本題的關(guān)鍵所在是，說(shuō)話的人用了反問(wèn)句，“你不是預(yù)言有很多人報(bào)名參加舞蹈比賽嗎？”言外之意是現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有幾個(gè)人報(bào)名，因此本題的時(shí)態(tài)要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，固選C為正確答案。注意：我們用四分法與二分法去分析時(shí)間，當(dāng)?shù)贸龅臅r(shí)間為過(guò)去不具體時(shí)，往往有兩種可能，一是用一般過(guò)過(guò)去時(shí)，二是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，關(guān)鍵是要看說(shuō)話人的意圖。

2. ---Tommy is planning to buy a car.

---I know. By next month, he _____ enough for a used one.

A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved

答案解析：本題為有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，By next month, 按時(shí)間的四分法分，是將來(lái)，按二分法是具體時(shí)間（段時(shí)間為具體時(shí)間，且符合具體態(tài)中的完成態(tài)），固選D，將來(lái)完成時(shí)。

3. In the last few years thousands of films _____ all over the word.

A. have produced B. have been produced

C. are producing D. are being produced

答案解析：本題有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，In the last few year，在過(guò)去幾年里，意思是從幾年前到現(xiàn)在，這一段時(shí)間，因此要用完成態(tài)，本題還要考慮語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題，固選B，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

4. On the next birthday, Ann _____married for twenty years.

A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been

答案解析：本題有兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，On the next birthday與for twenty years ，在Ann的下一個(gè)生日，按四分法為將來(lái)，for twenty years為段時(shí)間，因此本題要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，固選D。

5. If you don't like the drink you ______ just leave it and try a different one.

A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered

答案解析：本題沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“你要的飲料”，得知為四分法的過(guò)去，過(guò)去什么時(shí)間要的呢，沒(méi)有具體說(shuō)明，因此按二分法為不具體，本題也沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，固選A一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

6. Tom _____in the library every night over the last three months.

A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been working

答案解析：本題有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，every night over the last three months，過(guò)去三個(gè)月里每晚，意為從三個(gè)月前到現(xiàn)在這一段時(shí)間里，按二分法段時(shí)間為具體時(shí)間，應(yīng)用完成態(tài)，注意，當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為段時(shí)間，且動(dòng)詞可以持續(xù)，中間沒(méi)有間斷時(shí)，我們?cè)谟矛F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，固選C。

7, —Bob has gone to California.—Oh, can you tell me when he _____ ?

A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave

答案解析：本題沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境推知，按四分法為過(guò)去，過(guò)去什么時(shí)間離開(kāi)的，說(shuō)話人是不知道的所以才問(wèn)，因此按二分法為不具體，同時(shí)也沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或影響，固選B一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

8. In 1492, Columbus _______ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.

A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed

答案解析：本題有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In 1492，1492年這個(gè)時(shí)間相對(duì)于登陸這一動(dòng)作為，過(guò)去不具體，同時(shí)也沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或影響，固選B一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

9. It is most instructive lecture that I _______ since I came to this school.

A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended

答案解析：本題有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since I came to this school，意為自從我到這個(gè)學(xué)校到現(xiàn)在，為段時(shí)間，固用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)選D。

10. --Look! Somebody _____the sofa. --Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.

A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．had cleaned

答案解析：本題沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，按四分法與二分法，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境推知為，清掃這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間為過(guò)去不具體時(shí)間，但本題強(qiáng)調(diào)的是沙發(fā)現(xiàn)在（干凈）的狀況，固用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，選C。

11. -Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result.

A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take

答案解析：本題沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境推知時(shí)間為過(guò)去不具體，也也沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或影響，固用一般過(guò)去時(shí)間，選B

12. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _____to Shanghai.

A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown

答案解析：本題有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，At this time tomorrow morning, 按四分法為將，明天的這個(gè)時(shí)候?yàn)榫唧w時(shí)間，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，固選A將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。

13. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.

A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting

答案解析：本題有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，By the time you have finished this book，意思是現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有讀完這本書(shū)，所以按四分法為將來(lái)，將來(lái)什么時(shí)候讀完還不清楚，因此按二分法是不具體的，固用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，選C。

14. The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn't read them until three later.

A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put

答案解析：本題沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)四分法與二分法，時(shí)間為過(guò)去不具體時(shí)間，本題還要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，固選B。

15. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.

A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving

答案解析：本題沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)題意經(jīng)理關(guān)心兩個(gè)值得信賴(lài)的員工，說(shuō)明經(jīng)理不想這兩個(gè)員工離開(kāi)，兩個(gè)員工只是打算離開(kāi)，因此，按四分法時(shí)間為過(guò)去將來(lái)，選D過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可表過(guò)去有計(jì)劃的將來(lái)。

五.時(shí)態(tài)考考你（用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）

1. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet_____________ (make )into at least ten different films over the past years.

2. Hurry up! Mark and Carl _____________ (expect)us.

3. --- So what is the procedure?--- All the applicants _____________ (interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.

4. The girl has a great interest in sport and _____________ (take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.

5. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _____________ (be)president,” said the boy, with a smile.

6. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _____________ (bother)us.

7. If nothing _____________ (do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

8.— Have you heard about the recent election?

— Sure, it _____________ (be) the only thing on the news for the last three days.

9. — I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.

—I’m so sorry. But I _____________ (do)my homework.

10. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others _____________ (be)essential to their development.

11. —What about your self-drive trip yesterday?

—Tiring! The road is being widened, and we_____________ (have)a rough ride.

12. I _____________ (come)to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.

13.. We are confident that the environment _____________ (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.

14. On Monday mornings it usually_____________ (take)me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.

15. We _____________ (leave)very early so we packed the night before.

16. When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I_____________ (change)my mind.

17. I felt very tired when I got home, and I_____________ (go)straight to bed.

18. A Midsummer Night's Dream_____________ (open)at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.

19. I’m calling about the apartment you_____________ (advertise)the other day. Could you tell me more about ?

20.The proposal about the annual sales ________ (discuss) at the next board meeting.

21.30 percent of the students who ________ (interview) yesterday believe they should continue with their education until they have a university degree.

22.She described the ancient city in detail because she _________ (live) there for years.

23.In the past few years, traffic problems ________ (become) more and more serious.

24.My mother ________ (enjoy) a better health since we came to live in this beautiful seaside city.

25.Karl probably_________ (see) “Star Wars” several times for he knows every detail of the film.

26.Since five managers are going to give their reports，the meeting _________ (last) for at least two hours.

27.No one can deny that we ______ (make) tremendous progress in the past twenty years.

28.The people injured in the accident ___________ (send) to the nearest hospital for treatment last night.

29. It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take)years to achieve.

30. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ (cut).

31. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ (reach) so far by the two sides.

32. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ (teach)a class at that time.

33. The real reason why prices ____ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.

34. Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ (leave)my book in the cafe.

35. As you go through this book, you ________ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.