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否定不只有not

 昵稱37701503 2016-11-21

  部分否定的七種表示方法
  英語中的部分否定往往看起來像是完全否定,其實只是否定了一個群體中的一部分,常用的部分否定表示方法有以下七種:
  1. all 的否定式:not all…(或:all…not)表示'并非都……'、'不是所有的都……'
  Not all men likes football. 不是所有男性都喜歡足球的。
  2. both 的否定式:not…both (或:both… not) '并非兩個……都……'
  I don't want both the muffin and the cupcake. 我不是松餅和杯子蛋糕兩個都要。
  3. every…的否定式:'不是每……都……'
  Not everyone likes your stupid joke. 不是所有人都喜歡聽你的無聊笑話。
  This kind of opportunity doesn't come to you everyday. 這樣的機會不是每天都有的。
  4. always的否定式:'并非總是(并非一直)……'
  She is not always that moody. 她并非總是這樣陰晴不定的。
  The weather here is not always this cold anf wet. 這里的天氣并非總是這么濕冷的。
  5. entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式:'不完全……','并非完全……'
  Even though he lied to you, it doesn't mean he is entirely unreliable. 雖然他騙過你,但這也不意味著他就完全不可靠了。
  What you said was not quite gentleman. 他的話并不十分符合紳士風(fēng)度。
  6. all the time 的否定式:'并非一直……'、'未必老是……'
  An apprentice doesn't scew things up all the time. 即使是學(xué)徒,也未必老是做錯事。
  7. not…and…的否定式:被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分:
  I cannot deliver the speech fluently and confidently. 我能流利的演講,但缺乏一些自信。
  His class is not instructive and interesting. 他的課教的很好,但不夠有趣。
  注意:如果將and 換成or,not 對其后面的兩部分就全盤否定了
  She is not smart or diligent. 她既不聰明,也不勤奮。
  否定形式表示肯定意義
  英語中有些句子“貌相”(形式)否定,實則表示肯定的意義,甚至表示非常強烈的肯定意義
  1. can / could not...too 表示“無論怎樣也不過分”。例如:
  You cannot be too careful in performing an operation. 做手術(shù)時再小心也不為過。
  You can't be too careful when it comes to the confidential information of the company. 有關(guān)公司機密的事情,再小心也不為過。
  2. can / could not...enough意為“無論怎么都不夠”,表示強烈的肯定。例如:
  I couldn't have enough, this cake is so good. 這個蛋糕太好吃了,我怎么都吃不夠。
  3. nothing but表示“只有,只不過”,含肯定意義。例如:
  We could do nothing but wait for the ambulence. 我們什么也做不了,只能干等救護車。
  She had nothing but an apple. 她只吃了一個蘋果。
  4. never too...to是對too...to的再否定,表示肯定
  It's never too late to go for your dream. 追求夢想永遠都不晚。
  It is never too late to show your love to your parents. 向父母表達愛意,永遠都不遲。
  5. not … without … 沒有……就沒有;在這個句型中,使用兩個否定,用來加強語氣,表示肯定意義
  I could not have pass the examination without your help. 沒有你的幫助,我不可能通過考試。
  All the living beings could not survive without water. 沒有水,地球上的所有生物都無法生存。
  6. nothing if not表示“極其”,含強烈的肯定意義
  She was nothing if not pretty. 她很漂亮。
  The movie is nothing but not moving. 電影非常感人。
  7. nothing less than表示“完全是”,“就是”,有肯定的含義
  What he did was nothing less than total irresponsibility. 他的所作所為就是不負責(zé)任。
  8. too...not to表示“太……不會不……”,具有肯定意義
  Her idea is too outstanding not to be noticed by others. 她的想法太標(biāo)新立異了,其他人不會沒有注意到。
  He is too loyal not to tell his boss. 他太忠誠了,不會不告訴他老板的。
  注意:若把否定詞放到前面not too … to,表示“這并不太……所以能”
  He is not too stupid to be qualified for the job. 他沒那么笨,能勝任這份工作的。
  9. no的否定意義很強,和具有否定意義的名詞連用,來表示強烈的肯定
  Don't you lie to me, I am no fool. 別對我撒謊,我不是傻子。
  There is no question that the criminal has already left the country. 毫無疑問的是,罪犯肯定已經(jīng)潛逃出國了。
  10. 雙重否定表示強烈的肯定:否定+否定=肯定,加強句子的肯定語氣,這樣的雙重否定句被稱之為肯定型雙重否定句
  Nobody had no injuries. = Everyone has some injuries. 每個人都受了傷。
  I could talk to her without having a heart attack. 每次跟她說話,都氣的我要心臟病發(fā)。
  否定轉(zhuǎn)移
  否定的轉(zhuǎn)移是指英語否定句在句中某一部分(常在謂語部分),但在語義上卻是否定另一部分的現(xiàn)象
  翻譯這類句子時不要單純依賴語法分析,而應(yīng)從語義上分析,根據(jù)上下文理解句意
  1. 否定形式在表示“看法”的謂語動詞上,語義上卻是否定后面的賓語從句。此類動詞有:think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find (感到), guess, be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon等
  I don't think we have met before. 我覺得我之前沒有見過你。
  I don't find the movie is interesting. 我覺得那部電影很無趣。
  He doesn't expect that we would come this early. 他沒想到我們會來的這么早。
  2. 否定形式在表示“感覺”的謂語動詞上,語義上卻否定表語部分。此類動詞有:appear, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, as if,feel / look / sound as if, feel / look like等
  It doesn't appear that he'd care. 感覺他并不關(guān)心這件事。
  I don't feel very well, maybe I should go to the hospital. 我感覺不太舒服,可能應(yīng)該去醫(yī)院看看。
  Doctor Lee suggests you stay in the hospital tonight, that doesn't sound good. 李醫(yī)生建議你今晚留院觀察,這聽起來不太妙。
  3. seem, prove, happen 與不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語,形式上否定謂語,語義上否定不定式
  Your testimony doesn’t seem to be true. (seem not to be …) 你的證詞似乎作假。
  Mary doens't seem to like you. (=Mary seems not to like you.)瑪麗看來不喜歡你。
  4. pretend , remember 的賓語為非謂語動詞時,形式上否定謂語,語義上否定賓語。
  She didn’t pretend to see me in the coffee house. (pretend not to see … ) 她在咖啡館假裝沒看見我。
  I couldn't recall putting your keys on the table. 我不記得把你的鑰匙放在桌子上了。
  5. 形式上否定謂語,語義上否定賓語補足語
  We don't consider self-defense to be murder. 我們認為自衛(wèi)不算故意傷人。
  I don't find English diffcult. 我覺得英語不難。
  6. 在“It is / was likely / probably 從句”中,形式上否定謂語,語義上否定從句
  It isn't likely that the plane will leave on time. 看來飛機不會準時起飛了。
  7. 形式上否定謂語,語義上否定狀語或狀語從句
  Don't judge a book by its cover. 不要以貌取人。
  Don't read in bed. 不要在床上看書。
  Let's not jump into any conclusion. 我們不要急著下結(jié)論。
  8. 表示信念、看法、愿望的名詞充當(dāng)主語從句的表語時,形式上否定謂語,語義上否定主語從句。這類詞有:hope, thought, view, opinion , wish, expectation, belief, plan 等
  It's not my plan to leave you alone at home. 我沒打算把你一個人留在家里。
  It is not my opinion that you spend much time on computer games. (do not spend … ) 我的看法是你不要花太多時間玩電腦游戲。
  9. 含有全體意義的代詞和副詞作主語或賓語時,形式上否定謂語,語義上否定主語或賓語,表示部分否定。這類詞有:all, both, every, everybody, everything, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely等
  All that glitters is not gold. 發(fā)光的不總是金子。
  All the girls doesn't like the fancy dresses. 不是所有女孩都喜歡漂亮衣服。
  Both her parents left down. (Not both her parents...) 不是她的父母二人都離開了這里。
  10. '否定主句 肯定式方式從句' 中,主句和從句意思正好相反
  Whales are not fish, as many people expect. 鯨不是魚,而許多人卻認為鯨是魚。
  其實,否定形式的特殊用法大多是一些固定表達,大家可以在理解這一類表達的套路之后,直接把它們背下來
  從此以后閱讀完型的陷阱也再也不怕

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