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投稿文章,作者:Haley_Wong(簡書) 查漏補(bǔ)缺集是自己曾經(jīng)做過相關(guān)的功能,但是重做相關(guān)功能或者重新看到相關(guān)功能的實現(xiàn),感覺理解上更深刻。這一類的文章集中記錄在查漏補(bǔ)缺集。 iOS 開發(fā)中難免會遇到很多與網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面的判斷,這里做個匯總,大多可能是與WiFi相關(guān)的。 1.Ping域名、Ping某IP 有時候可能會遇到ping 某個域名或者ip通不通,再做下一步操作。這里的ping與傳統(tǒng)的做get或者post請求還是有很大區(qū)別的。比如我們連接了某個WiFi,測試ping www.baidu.com,如果能ping 通,基本可以斷定可以上網(wǎng)了,但是如果我們做了一個get 請求(url 是www.baidu.com),路由器可能重定向這個WiFi內(nèi)的某網(wǎng)頁了,依然沒有錯誤返回,就會誤認(rèn)為可以正常上網(wǎng)。 這里有關(guān)于ping命令的詳細(xì)解釋:百度百科Ping iOS中想要ping域名或者ip,蘋果提供了一個官方例子SimplePing 在例子中,有一個蘋果已經(jīng)封裝過的類【SimplePing.h】和【SimplePing.m】 使用起來也相當(dāng)?shù)暮唵危?/p> 首先創(chuàng)建一個Ping對象: 1 2 3 4 5 | SimplePing *pinger = [[SimplePing alloc] initWithHostName:self.hostName];
self.pinger = pinger;
pinger.delegate = self;
pinger.addressStyle = SimplePingAddressStyleICMPv4;
[pinger start];
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然后在start成功的代理方法中,發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)報文: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | /**
* start成功,也就是準(zhǔn)備工作做完后的回調(diào)
*/
- (void)simplePing:(SimplePing *)pinger didStartWithAddress:(NSData *)address
{
// 發(fā)送測試報文數(shù)據(jù)
[self.pinger sendPingWithData:nil];
}
- (void)simplePing:(SimplePing *)pinger didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"didFailWithError");
[self.pinger stop];
}
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其他幾個代理方法也非常簡單,就簡單記錄一下: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | // 發(fā)送測試報文成功的回調(diào)方法
- (void)simplePing:(SimplePing *)pinger didSendPacket:(NSData *)packet sequenceNumber:(uint16_t)sequenceNumber
{
NSLog(@"#%u sent", sequenceNumber);
}
//發(fā)送測試報文失敗的回調(diào)方法
- (void)simplePing:(SimplePing *)pinger didFailToSendPacket:(NSData *)packet sequenceNumber:(uint16_t)sequenceNumber error:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"#%u send failed: %@", sequenceNumber, error);
}
// 接收到ping的地址所返回的數(shù)據(jù)報文回調(diào)方法
- (void)simplePing:(SimplePing *)pinger didReceivePingResponsePacket:(NSData *)packet sequenceNumber:(uint16_t)sequenceNumber
{
NSLog(@"#%u received, size=%zu", sequenceNumber, packet.length);
}
- (void)simplePing:(SimplePing *)pinger didReceiveUnexpectedPacket:(NSData *)packet
{
NSLog(@"#%s",__func__);
}
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注意點: iOS 中 ping失敗后(即發(fā)送測試報文成功后,一直沒后收到響應(yīng)的報文),不會有任何回調(diào)方法告知我們。而一般ping 一次的結(jié)果也不太準(zhǔn)確,ping 花費的時間也非常短,所以我們一般會ping多次,發(fā)送一次ping 測試報文0.5s后檢測一下這一次ping是否已經(jīng)收到響應(yīng)。0.5s后檢測時,如果已經(jīng)收到響應(yīng),則可以ping 通;如果沒有收到響應(yīng),則視為超時。 做法也有很多種,可以用NSTimer或者 {- (void)performSelector: withObject:afterDelay:} 這里有一個別人寫的工程:https://github.com/lovesunstar/STPingTest 
PingTest效果圖 
終端ping效果圖 2.獲取WiFi信息 以前物聯(lián)網(wǎng)剛火的時候,出現(xiàn)過很多一體式無線路由,所以App里難免會遇到要判斷當(dāng)前所連接的WiFi,以及獲取WiFi信息的功能。13年的時候查過一些關(guān)于WiFi的方法,后面漸漸都忘記了。慚愧?。?! 需要添加SystemConfiguration.framework 并在當(dāng)前類中添加代碼#import 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | //獲取WiFi 信息,返回的字典中包含了WiFi的名稱、路由器的Mac地址、還有一個Data(轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串打印出來是wifi名稱)
- (NSDictionary *)fetchSSIDInfo {
NSArray *ifs = (__bridge_transfer NSArray *)CNCopySupportedInterfaces();
if (!ifs) {
return nil;
}
NSDictionary *info = nil;
for (NSString *ifnam in ifs) {
info = (__bridge_transfer NSDictionary *)CNCopyCurrentNetworkInfo((__bridge CFStringRef)ifnam);
if (info && [info count]) { break; }
}
return info;
}
//打印出來的結(jié)果:
2016-05-12 15:28:51.674 SimplePing[18883:6790207] WIFI_INFO:{
BSSID = "a4:2b:8c:c:7f:bd";
SSID = bdmy06;
SSIDDATA = ;
}
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3.獲取WiFi名稱 有了上一步,獲取WiFi名稱就非常簡單了。 1 2 3 | NSString *WiFiName = info[@"SSID"];
//打印結(jié)果:
2016-05-12 15:35:13.059 SimplePing[18887:6791418] bdmy06
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完整的: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | - (NSString *)fetchWiFiName {
NSArray *ifs = (__bridge_transfer NSArray *)CNCopySupportedInterfaces();
if (!ifs) {
return nil;
}
NSString *WiFiName = nil;
for (NSString *ifnam in ifs) {
NSDictionary *info = (__bridge_transfer NSDictionary *)CNCopyCurrentNetworkInfo((__bridge CFStringRef)ifnam);
if (info && [info count]) {
// 這里其實對應(yīng)的有三個key:kCNNetworkInfoKeySSID、kCNNetworkInfoKeyBSSID、kCNNetworkInfoKeySSIDData,
// 不過它們都是CFStringRef類型的
WiFiName = [info objectForKey:(__bridge NSString *)kCNNetworkInfoKeySSID];
// WiFiName = [info objectForKey:@"SSID"];
break;
}
}
return WiFiName;
}
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4.獲取當(dāng)前所連接WiFi的網(wǎng)關(guān)地址 例如自己家的路由器一般默認(rèn)的網(wǎng)關(guān)地址是192.168.1.1,獲取的就是這個192.168.1.1。 為什么不直接寫死呢? 因為一些商場或者有多個路由器的網(wǎng)關(guān)地址是不一樣的,比如之前有個公司的網(wǎng)關(guān)是192.168.89.1。 這里有篇博客,這是地址 需要導(dǎo)入的庫: 獲取網(wǎng)關(guān)的方法 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 | - (NSString *)getGatewayIpForCurrentWiFi {
NSString *address = @"error";
struct ifaddrs *interfaces = NULL;
struct ifaddrs *temp_addr = NULL;
int success = 0;
// retrieve the current interfaces - returns 0 on success
success = getifaddrs(&interfaces);
if (success == 0) {
// Loop through linked list of interfaces
temp_addr = interfaces;
//*/
while(temp_addr != NULL) {
/*/
int i=255;
while((i--)>0)
//*/
if(temp_addr->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
// Check if interface is en0 which is the wifi connection on the iPhone
if([[NSString stringWithUTF8String:temp_addr->ifa_name] isEqualToString:@"en0"])
{
// Get NSString from C String //ifa_addr
//ifa->ifa_dstaddr is the broadcast address, which explains the "255's"
// address = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)temp_addr->ifa_dstaddr)->sin_addr)];
address = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)temp_addr->ifa_addr)->sin_addr)];
//routerIP----192.168.1.255 廣播地址
NSLog(@"broadcast address--%@",[NSString stringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)temp_addr->ifa_dstaddr)->sin_addr)]);
//--192.168.1.106 本機(jī)地址
NSLog(@"local device ip--%@",[NSString stringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)temp_addr->ifa_addr)->sin_addr)]);
//--255.255.255.0 子網(wǎng)掩碼地址
NSLog(@"netmask--%@",[NSString stringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)temp_addr->ifa_netmask)->sin_addr)]);
//--en0 端口地址
NSLog(@"interface--%@",[NSString stringWithUTF8String:temp_addr->ifa_name]);
}
}
temp_addr = temp_addr->ifa_next;
}
}
// Free memory
freeifaddrs(interfaces);
in_addr_t i = inet_addr([address cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
in_addr_t* x = &i;
unsigned char *s = getdefaultgateway(x);
NSString *ip=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.%d.%d.%d",s[0],s[1],s[2],s[3]];
free(s);
return ip;
}
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其中 getdefaultgateway 是一個C語言文件中的方法,在工程里可以找到。 5.獲取本機(jī)在WiFi環(huán)境下的IP地址 獲取本機(jī)在WiFi環(huán)境下的ip地址,在上一節(jié)中其實已經(jīng)寫過,這里將其提取出來即可: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | - (NSString *)getLocalIPAddressForCurrentWiFi
{
NSString *address = nil;
struct ifaddrs *interfaces = NULL;
struct ifaddrs *temp_addr = NULL;
int success = 0;
// retrieve the current interfaces - returns 0 on success
success = getifaddrs(&interfaces);
if (success == 0) {
// Loop through linked list of interfaces
temp_addr = interfaces;
while(temp_addr != NULL) {
if(temp_addr->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
// Check if interface is en0 which is the wifi connection on the iPhone
if([[NSString stringWithUTF8String:temp_addr->ifa_name] isEqualToString:@"en0"]) {
address = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)temp_addr->ifa_addr)->sin_addr)];
return address;
}
}
temp_addr = temp_addr->ifa_next;
}
freeifaddrs(interfaces);
}
return nil;
}
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同樣的方式也可以獲取廣播地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼、端口等,組裝成一個字典。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 | - (NSMutableDictionary *)getLocalInfoForCurrentWiFi {
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
struct ifaddrs *interfaces = NULL;
struct ifaddrs *temp_addr = NULL;
int success = 0;
// retrieve the current interfaces - returns 0 on success
success = getifaddrs(&interfaces);
if (success == 0) {
// Loop through linked list of interfaces
temp_addr = interfaces;
//*/
while(temp_addr != NULL) {
if(temp_addr->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
// Check if interface is en0 which is the wifi connection on the iPhone
if([[NSString stringWithUTF8String:temp_addr->ifa_name] isEqualToString:@"en0"]) {
//----192.168.1.255 廣播地址
NSString *broadcast = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)temp_addr->ifa_dstaddr)->sin_addr)];
if (broadcast) {
[dict setObject:broadcast forKey:@"broadcast"];
}
NSLog(@"broadcast address--%@",broadcast);
//--192.168.1.106 本機(jī)地址
NSString *localIp = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)temp_addr->ifa_addr)->sin_addr)];
if (localIp) {
[dict setObject:localIp forKey:@"localIp"];
}
NSLog(@"local device ip--%@",localIp);
//--255.255.255.0 子網(wǎng)掩碼地址
NSString *netmask = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)temp_addr->ifa_netmask)->sin_addr)];
if (netmask) {
[dict setObject:netmask forKey:@"netmask"];
}
NSLog(@"netmask--%@",netmask);
//--en0 端口地址
NSString *interface = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:temp_addr->ifa_name];
if (interface) {
[dict setObject:interface forKey:@"interface"];
}
NSLog(@"interface--%@",interface);
return dict;
}
}
temp_addr = temp_addr->ifa_next;
}
}
// Free memory
freeifaddrs(interfaces);
return dict;
}
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將返回的字典打印出來: 1 2 3 4 5 6 | 2016-05-12 17:59:09.257 SimplePing[19141:6830567] wifi:{
broadcast = "192.168.1.255";
interface = en0;
localIp = "192.168.1.7";
netmask = "255.255.255.0";
}
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