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Freedman等最近在JAMA Cardiol上發(fā)表了一項隊列研究結(jié)果[1],在5555位檢測到房顫事件的患者中,45%服用華法林(加或不加阿司匹林),29%僅服用阿司匹林,26%無任何抗栓治療。將之與年齡和性別匹配、無房顫的對照組24705例患者進行比較發(fā)現(xiàn),校正的1.5年累積卒中發(fā)生率為:未治療組3.9%,華法林治療組1.3%,對照組1.2%。校正的1.5年累積死亡率:未治療組7.2%,華法林治療組4.2%,對照組2.5%。校正潛在基線混雜因素后,治療組殘余死亡風(fēng)險仍顯著高于對照組(見圖1,2)。研究同時發(fā)現(xiàn),抗血小板治療不能降低卒中發(fā)生率和死亡率。
綜上 所述 正規(guī)的抗凝治療能夠明顯降低房顫患者的卒中發(fā)生率,NOACs抗凝的有效性不劣于華法林,安全性優(yōu)于華法林,單用阿司匹林抗栓無效,亦無臨床證據(jù)支持阿司匹林聯(lián)合華法林或NOACs的使用。 目前,我國房顫患者的抗凝治療率低、且不規(guī)范,應(yīng)積極推廣正規(guī)的抗凝治療策略。但是抗凝治療僅為被動治療,部分患者在正規(guī)抗凝的基礎(chǔ)上仍有血栓栓塞事件的發(fā)生,提示防治房顫本身及左心房血栓的重要性。對于房顫導(dǎo)致的卒中的防治,除了抗凝治療應(yīng)始終貫穿全程之外,還應(yīng)從根治或減少房顫發(fā)作(消融加抗心律失常藥物)開始,輔以對常見血栓形成部位如左心耳的處理(封堵、套扎、外科切除)。此外,還應(yīng)包括基礎(chǔ)疾病和危險因素(高血壓、糖尿病、吸煙、酗酒、生活習(xí)慣不規(guī)律等)的治療及糾正,以及上游治療等,聯(lián)合以上所有手段進行綜合防治才能最大程度降低卒中的發(fā)生率。Freedman等的研究提示單純抗凝治療后房顫患者的死亡率依然高于無房顫的患者,這或許與長期房顫導(dǎo)致心力衰竭、增加心肌梗死的風(fēng)險相關(guān),反證了消融治療、基礎(chǔ)疾病治療和上游治療對于房顫患者的價值——不僅應(yīng)著眼于預(yù)防卒中,還應(yīng)提高患者的生存率。 [1] Ben F, Carlos M, Anja K, et al. Residual Risk of Stroke and Death in Anticoagulant-Treated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation[J]. JAMA Cardiol. Published online May 04, 2016. [2] Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke:the Framingham Study[J]. Stroke, 1991, 22:983-988. 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Journal of Cardiology, 2016, 20(6):221-225. 醫(yī) 師 簡 介 惠 杰 主任醫(yī)師、教授、博生生導(dǎo)師 現(xiàn)任蘇州大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科主任醫(yī)師。任中國醫(yī)師協(xié)會心律學(xué)專業(yè)委員會委員,中國生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)會心律分會急癥工作委員會委員,中華醫(yī)學(xué)會心電生理和起搏分會室性心律失常委員會成員、心房顫動委員會成員,江蘇省醫(yī)學(xué)會起搏與電生理分會常務(wù)委員,蘇州市心血管病學(xué)分會副主任委員。主持及參與多項科研項目,如:“體外自動除顫復(fù)律”、“基于低頻電場的心內(nèi)膜三維標測研究”、“自體骨髓干細胞移植治療中晚期心血管疾病的臨床應(yīng)用”等課題的研究,并獲各種獎項二十一項,發(fā)表論文六十余篇,主編、副主編及參加專業(yè)書藉的編著23部。 本文內(nèi)容為《門診》雜志原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容 出自《門診》雜志2016年06月刊 轉(zhuǎn)載須經(jīng)授權(quán)并請注明出處。 《門診》雜志官方微信 |
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