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as,when,while這三個詞都有“當(dāng)……時候”之意,但用法有所不同.when意為“在……時刻或時期”,它可兼指“時間點(diǎn)”與“時間段”,所引導(dǎo)的從句的動詞既可以是終止性動詞,也可是持續(xù)性動詞.as意為“一邊……一邊……”或“與……同時”,重在表示動作同時發(fā)生、伴隨進(jìn)行.while只指“時間段”,不指“時間點(diǎn)”,從句的動詞只限于持續(xù)性動詞. on,at,in這三個常用介詞都可以表示時間和地點(diǎn),但具體用法不同,不少初學(xué)者對它們混淆不清.現(xiàn)在請讀、記下面兩個口訣,只要記住了口訣,就可避免at,on,in的種種誤用. (1)口訣之一(on,in,at表時間). on“在具體某一天” “當(dāng)某時”,動名詞前, arrival,death記心間 early,late位句先, 用in一般“上”“下”“晚” at是個時間點(diǎn), “工作”“時刻”與“圣誕 注: ①on表示在具體某一天及具體某一天的上午、下午和晚上.例: On Children’s Day,all the boys and girls are wearing their newclothes.兒童節(jié),所有的孩子們都穿上了新衣服. ②On my arrival home,I found he had gone already.當(dāng)我到家時,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經(jīng)走了. ③當(dāng)early,late用于句首修飾介詞短語時,盡管表示具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上,都要用in泛指一般的上、下午,晚上也用in ④用于將來時態(tài)表示“過一段時間后”及表示“在……期間 和“在某個季節(jié),某年、某月)都用in. ⑤在表示某時某刻及在work,Christmas前用at. (2)口訣之二. at用于點(diǎn),on用于天, in用于月、季、年. 午別晚上in常用, 限定三時in要變. at noon(night),in the day, 習(xí)慣用語記心間. 說明: 當(dāng) morning,afternoon,evening有前位定語或后置定語限定時,就不用in而用on.例: on a cold(winter)evening在一個寒冷(冬天)的晚上 on Wednesday afternoon在星期三下午 on the morning of March 8th在3月8日上午 下面再說說這三個介詞在表示地點(diǎn)時用法的區(qū)別,口訣如下: on,in,at表地點(diǎn), on“在之上”接觸面, “靠近、接壤、左右邊”①; in“在里面”和“中間”②; at表示小地點(diǎn), “入口、車站、影劇院”③; home出現(xiàn)定語、冠, 須用in把a(bǔ)t換④; “夜間、車輛”若有限, 及“在途中”on在前⑤. 說明: ①在表示地點(diǎn)時,指“在……之上(與表面接觸)”.例: There is an English-English dictionary and two grammar books onthe big desk.那張大寫字臺上有一本英語詞典和兩本語法書. “靠近、接壤”及“在左右邊”都用on.例: Korea lies on the northeast of China.朝鮮位于中國東北方. Tom was sitting on my left when we saw the film yesterday.我們昨天看電影時,湯姆坐在我左邊. ②表示“在……里面”(即物體內(nèi)部).例: Jim turned the key in the lock and opened the door.吉姆把鑰匙插在鎖孔里,轉(zhuǎn)動一下,打開了門. “在……中間”(即middle前)都用in.例: Soon they were in the middle of the river.很快他們就游到了河中間. ③at表示一個較小的地點(diǎn),如在“入口”(entrance)“車站”(busstop,railway station)和“影劇院”(cinema,theater)等名詞前.例: As she walked along,she noticed an old pine tree ahead at the en-trance to a valley.她往前走時,注意到前邊峽谷口有棵老松樹. ④home前一般用at,但若有物主代詞和冠詞等定語修飾時,須用in.例: In Princeton he lived quietly,working at the institute and enjoyinghimself by playing his violin in his simple home.他在普林斯頓過著安靜的生活,在研究所工作,在他那簡樸的家里拉琴消遣. ⑤“夜間”(night)、“車輛”(bus,bike,train ect.)等名詞若有限定詞及“在……途中”,介詞則用on.例: 1)He was in on that night.他那天夜里在家. 2)My son often goes to school on his bike.我兒子常騎自行車去上學(xué). 3)On the way home my father told me of an incident that tookplace on his first day at school in Mr Crossett’s class.在回家途中,父親給我講了他第一天上克羅塞特先生課時發(fā)生的一件事. because語氣強(qiáng),表示客觀必然原因: He is absent, because he is ill. 因為生病,所以他沒來. 比較:He is absent, for he is busy. 生病”是“缺席”的必然原因,“忙”不是必然原因. for 語氣輕,表示非客觀必然的原因,是主觀可改變結(jié)果的原因,甚至是猜測可能的原因: He must be ill, for he is absent. “缺席”不一定是“生病”,只是交流猜測. for 不能放句首,它是并列連詞. since,as 都是不講自明的原因,是已知的原因. Since I am a boy, let me carry the case. As you don‘t feel well,you had better stay at home. |
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