之前我們推薦對于足月兒來說，CMV陽性的母親，是可以喂養(yǎng)母乳的，但是對于早產(chǎn)兒來說，特別是小于1500g的早產(chǎn)兒，母乳喂養(yǎng)前需要巴氏消毒或者冷凍，但是最新的美國兒科協(xié)會的Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk（2012）認為，不需要，直接喂養(yǎng)就行。

血清學CMV陽性的母親，對于足月兒母乳喂養(yǎng)沒有禁忌。對于出生體重小于1500個的早產(chǎn)兒，母乳中獲得的CMV可能和晚期類似敗血癥綜合征有關(guān)聯(lián)。這種綜合征雖然不會導致長期異常，但需要抗病毒治療。血清學CMV陽性的母親，對早產(chǎn)兒常規(guī)母乳喂養(yǎng)的好處大于風險，尤其是沒有長期神經(jīng)發(fā)育異常的報道。冰凍母乳會減少但是不會消除CMV。加熱，無論是巴氏消毒（62.5度消毒30分鐘）或者高溫短消的巴氏消毒法（72度消毒5-10秒）可以消除母乳中的病毒載量，但是同時也會影響生物活性因子和營養(yǎng)成分。因此，對于早產(chǎn)兒，即使母親CMV陽性，也可以使用新鮮母乳喂養(yǎng)。

以下是文章原文：

There is no contraindication to breastfeeding for a full-term infant whose mother is seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV). There is a possibility that CMV acquired from mother’s milk may be associated with a late-onset sepsis-like syndrome in the extremely low birth weight (birth weight <1500 g) preterm infant. Although not associated with long-term abnormalities, such a syndrome may warrant antiviral therapy.The value of routinely feeding human milk from seropositive mothers to preterm infants outweighs the risks of clinical disease, especially because no long-term neurodevelopmental abnormalities have been reported.⁹³ Freezing of milk reduces but does not eliminate CMV.⁹⁴ Heating, either as Holder pasteurization (heating at 62.5°C for 30 minutes) or high-temperature short pasteurization (72°C for 5–10 seconds) eliminates the viral load from the milk but also affects bioactive factors and nutrients.⁹⁵ Thus, fresh mother’s own milk is preferable for routinely feeding all preterm infants.