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一、高考英語改錯題的常見錯誤類型 1、謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 2、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子完整性 3、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)及主謂一致問題 4、上下文語意和代詞 5、介詞 固定搭配 6、固定（習(xí)慣）用法 7、形容詞和副詞是否誤用及其比較等級是否正確； 8、冠詞。取舍與選擇是否正確 9、連詞和從句引導(dǎo)詞 10、非謂語動詞的形式是否正確 短文改錯口訣 短文改錯要做好，常見類型要記牢。 名詞愛考“數(shù)”與“格”，冠詞在前“錯”，“多”，“少”。 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)，非謂搭配莫錯了。 連，代，形，副錯一樣，多是故意來混淆。 介詞多半考搭配，多，漏，誤用想周到。 句法涉及到“一致”，從句多考關(guān)系詞。 語法句法均未錯，邏輯推理去尋找。 二、命題趨勢 詞法錯誤、句法錯誤和行文邏輯， 1.一致關(guān)系：包括主謂一致、時態(tài)一致、代詞指代一致等。 2.平行結(jié)構(gòu)：包括動詞與動詞相配，形容詞與形容詞相配，分詞與分詞相配，不定式與不定式相配等。常由并列連詞或詞組連接。如：and， or ， but，neither…nor…, as well as 等. 3.非謂語動詞的用法：如to的省略，過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的誤用等。 4．多余詞：常常是介詞、副詞等的多余。 5．詞性的混用。 6．行文邏輯判斷等。 “短文改錯意識原則”表
嘗試原則表
三、短文改錯錯誤類型: （一） 詞法的測試 1.名詞：主要是查名詞是否可數(shù)，與其修飾語是否一致。 eg: 1）I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music. Hobby是可數(shù)名詞，在這要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；playing football是一項運(yùn)動，football只是一種球； sing和listen to 要用動名詞形式。 2）Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運(yùn)動講是不可數(shù)名詞，do exercise作主語要用動名詞形式，謂動用單數(shù)；healthy是形容詞， 這里要用名詞形式。 3）Reading books is one of my hobby. one of 后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2. 代詞：對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致，常考的代詞包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。 1）He drove too fast, and the police stopped her. 前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來代，故應(yīng)將her改為him. 2）This is the best film which I have ever seen. 先行詞前有最高級修飾應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that 而不是which。 3. 冠詞：英語中只有三個冠詞，但用起來卻很復(fù)雜，在短文改錯中，錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用，不該用時卻用了；該用an用了a，該用a（n）卻用了the. 1）I meant to write letter and tell you all the things… letter為可數(shù)名詞,故write后應(yīng)加a. 2） I like playing the football. 去the 3） He is a honest boy. a改為an 4. 介詞：檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配， 介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。 1） I am writing to thank you with your kind help. thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配，故應(yīng)將with 改為for. 2） …I’m the happiest in all. 此句想表達(dá)的意思是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應(yīng)將in改為 of. 3） Under the help of my father, I … under 改為 with 4） He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改為on 5. 形容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞，該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時就要仔細(xì)分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么，形式是否正確，是原級、比較級還是最高級。形容詞、副詞誤用也是?？嫉母腻e項目之一。 1） I had not interest in English .interest是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞no來修飾，而not是副詞，副詞不能修飾名詞 2） These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.（NMET2007） 此處有I’ve ever seen限定，應(yīng)用最高級，故happier應(yīng)改為 happiest. 3） You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改為easily. 4） These books are very worth reading. 用well 修飾 6. 連詞：短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否 符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等。 1）As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 由于前句有As引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，因此后句不能再用so,故應(yīng)把so 去掉。 2）The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people. 根據(jù)上下文意思判斷，前后兩個并列分句不存在意義上的折， 所以but應(yīng)改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。 7. 動詞：動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤；易混動詞的用法錯誤; 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤；動詞的非謂語形式，以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中，動詞方面的考查比例較大。 1） 動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤 a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together. take photos動作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用過去時. b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days. 根據(jù)本句意義，should后應(yīng)加上been，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。 c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. playing改為 play; for 改為with 2） 易混動詞使用錯誤 a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen. persuade 意為“說服”，強(qiáng)調(diào)成功的結(jié)果，而根據(jù)下句 he didn’t listen可知，勸說并沒有成功，故應(yīng)改persuaded為 advised. b. You please rise your hands. rise是不及物動詞，而raise是及物動詞，所以舉手應(yīng)用 raise your hands.這屬于及物動詞與不及物動詞的誤用。 3） 非謂語動詞使用錯誤 a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party. look forward to 中的to是介詞，應(yīng)加動名詞，將see改為seeing. b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic. 在任何情況下keep均和doing連用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. （sth）.doing sth. ;keep …from doing… 等. to后加be。因其后是名詞，而不是動詞原形，不能直接用to. 8. 詞語固定搭配: 主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。 1） My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記”. 2） In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To one’s surprise 是固定搭配 3） I thought that was dull to watch a game…（NMET2005） 此題考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。 4） …the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析： not only… but also…為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故將and 改為but. 5） I have no difficulty learn maths. have difficulty （in） doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu) 6） He spends too much time play games. spend some time （in） doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu) （二） 句法的測試： 1. 主謂語在數(shù)上的一致； I hope everything are ok with you. are 改為is 2. 名詞性從句； A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是連詞，在從句中無任何意義，而后面的賓語從句缺賓語，用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句作賓語從句的賓語。 3. 定語從句； This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. them改為 which 4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who… It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改為that 5. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對等性及邏輯性。 （三）語篇的測試 語篇的測試包括： 1.上下文中的時態(tài)是否一致； 2.上下文中的代詞是否一致； 3.上下文中的邏輯是否一致； 4.上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。 四、復(fù)習(xí)建議： 除了多做改錯專項練習(xí)外，也要做與短文改錯題型相關(guān)的其他練習(xí)。比如：1.在平時寫作過程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的語法錯誤。2.還可以通過看其他同學(xué)的習(xí)作，欣賞的同時也可有意識地把該習(xí)作進(jìn)行一下“改錯”。3.平時還可以多進(jìn)行單句改錯練習(xí)，逐漸體會和把握短文改錯這一題型的規(guī)律。 （一）改前通讀全文, 切忌拿來就改，這一步很關(guān)鍵。這一步的目標(biāo)是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的時態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯。記敘文強(qiáng)調(diào)時間、地點、人物和事件四要素，在通讀全文理解全文的同時把一些比較容易的或是明顯的錯誤先改好 （二）分句閱讀，逐行找錯。在糾錯時要仔細(xì)地讀懂每一個句子，這時就要對文中的詞法、句法和語篇（詳見考查要點）角度著重分析和特別注意。把涉及 到以上錯誤類型的詞多斟酌一下。 （三）做將答案放回原文,再重讀全文。其目的主要是查看有無不符合邏輯,語句不通暢,不符合英語習(xí)慣的問題。 改錯真題 1.（2011·陜西卷）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分） Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor. I didn’t have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get . Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldn’t be seen everywhere. I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a building. He was right taken wuth him, but he signed his name on my shirt! 2.（2011·全國II）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分） Dear George, It's been a week after we left your family and we are now 76._______ back home. Thank you very much for showing them around 77.______ your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After 78._______ we said goodbye to you, we went to Washington D.C., 79._______ where we stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond 80._______ of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying 81．________ another couple of day. However, my father had to return to 82.________ work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. It 83．________ was really a nice experience. If you'd like to make trip to 84._______ our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide. 85._______ Yours, Mike 3.（2011·四川卷）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分） Tom was having much troubles getting up in the 66. Morning and was always late with work.. His boss wanted to 67. fire him if he didn’t start coming on time,but he went to 68. the doctor for a help. The doctor gave him some 69. medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. 70. The man did is told and slept.leally will,wake up before 71. the alam had even gone off.He had time for a properly 72. breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.”Boss,”he 73. said ,”that medicine really works!””I’m pleasing to hear 74. it ,”said his boss,”but where were you yesterday?” 4.（2011·全國新課標(biāo)卷）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分） My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last. 5.（2011·重慶卷） 短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1份，滿分10分） Today is Sunday .I′ve been in Canada for two months . This is the first time that I′ve been away my family for such a 76. long time. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I′ve 77. soon got used to live without my parents around. Katia,like 78. many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became 79. friends shortly after we meet each other. Although her English 80. is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we 81. usually talk a lot about our own family. We’re both surprised 82. that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. Now, 83. we are planning a small party for the next Sunday.There ,Katia 84. will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been 85. to China several times.I just can’t wait. 【答案】 1. Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor. I didn’t have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get ∧. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldn’t be seen everywhere. I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out ∧ a building. He was right there in the front of me! I couldn’t believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken wuth him, but he signed his name on my shirt! 2.（2011·全國II） 76.after---since 77.them---us 78.for---with 79.正確 80.去掉much 81.staying---stay 82.day----days 83.fly---flew 84.trip前a 85.better----more 3.（2011·四川卷）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分） 66、改troubles為trouble 67、改with 為for 68、改but 為so 69、去a 70、改them 為it 71、改wake為waking 72、改properly為proper 73、reach前加to 74、改pleasing為pleased 75、√ 4.（2011·全國新課標(biāo)卷）短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分） My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a buy改為buying ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to here改為there Xiamen for∧ long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag for后加A but改為and from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange on改為in，was改為were to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots luggages改為luggage friend改為friend’s of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last. feel改為felt 5.（2011·重慶卷） 短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1份，滿分10分） Today is Sunday .I′ve been in Canada for two months . This is the first time that I′ve been away ^ my family for such a 76. from long time. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I′ve 77. mine soon got used to live without my parents around. Katia,like 78. living many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became 79. is friends shortly after we meet each other. Although her English 80. met is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we 81. hard usually talk a lot about our own family. We’re both surprised 82. families that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. Now, 83. and we are planning a small party for the next Sunday.There ,Katia 84. the will introduce me to some of her friends,one of who has been 85. whom |
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