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巧記不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化多，數(shù)量大，須下工夫記住。但是，只要我們可以將它們分析歸類，找出其共同點(diǎn)，就容易記住了?，F(xiàn)將中學(xué)階段的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化歸類如下：
一、AAA型（過去式、過去分詞與原形相同）
| |
原形 |
過去式 |
過去分詞 |
含義 |
|
1 |
cost |
cost |
cost |
值（多少）錢 |
|
2 |
cut |
cut |
cut |
切，割，砍 |
|
3 |
fit |
fit |
fit |
適合；合身 |
|
4 |
hit |
hit |
hit |
傷害，傷痛 |
|
5 |
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
撞，打 |
|
6 |
let |
let |
let |
讓 |
|
7 |
put |
put |
put |
放 |
|
8 |
read |
read |
read |
讀 |
|
9 |
set |
set |
set |
樹立；創(chuàng)造；落山 |
|
10 |
shut |
shut |
shut |
關(guān)閉；合攏 |
（細(xì)心的你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些詞中大多數(shù)是以字母t結(jié)尾的。）
二、ABA型（過去分詞與原形相同，但與過去式不同）
|
序號(hào) |
原 形 |
過 去 式 |
過去分詞 |
詞義 |
|
1 |
come |
came |
come |
來 |
|
2 |
become |
became |
become |
變?yōu)?/span> |
|
3 |
run |
ran |
run |
跑；經(jīng)營(yíng) |
三、 ABB型（過去分詞與過去式相同，但與原形不同）
| |
原 形 |
過 去 式 |
過去分詞 |
詞義 |
|
1 |
bring |
brought |
brought |
|
|
2 |
build |
built |
built |
|
|
3 |
burn |
burnt/burned |
burnt/burned |
|
|
4 |
catch |
caught |
caught |
|
|
5 |
dig |
dug |
dug |
|
|
6 |
feel |
felt |
felt |
|
|
7 |
fight |
fought |
fought |
|
|
8 |
find |
found |
found |
|
|
9 |
get |
got |
got |
|
|
10 |
hang |
hung/hanged |
hung/hanged |
|
|
11 |
have/has |
had |
had |
|
|
12 |
hear |
heard |
heard |
|
|
13 |
hide |
hid |
hid |
|
|
14 |
hold |
held |
held |
|
|
15 |
keep |
kept |
kept |
|
|
16 |
lay |
laid |
laid |
|
|
17 |
learn |
learnt/learned |
learnt/learned |
|
|
18 |
leave |
left |
left |
|
|
19 |
lend |
lent |
lent |
|
|
20 |
lose |
lost |
lost |
|
|
21 |
make |
made |
made |
|
|
22 |
mean |
meant/meant/ |
meant/meant/ |
|
|
23 |
meet |
met |
met |
|
|
24 |
pay |
paid |
paid |
|
|
25 |
say |
said |
said |
|
|
26 |
sell |
sold |
sold |
|
|
27 |
send |
sent |
sent |
|
|
28 |
shine |
shone |
shone |
|
|
29 |
sink |
sunk/sank |
sunk/sunken |
|
|
30 |
sit |
sat |
sat |
|
|
31 |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
|
|
32 |
smell |
smelt |
smelt |
|
|
33 |
spell |
spelled/spelt |
spelled/spelt |
|
|
34 |
spill |
spilt |
spilt |
|
|
35 |
spit |
spat |
spat |
|
|
36 |
spoil |
spoilt |
spoilt |
|
|
37 |
stand |
stood |
stood |
|
|
38 |
sweep |
swept |
swept |
|
|
39 |
teach |
taught |
taught |
|
|
40 |
tell |
told |
told |
|
|
41 |
think |
thought |
thought |
|
|
42 |
understand |
understood |
understood |
|
|
43 |
wake |
waked/woke |
waked/woke/woken |
|
|
44 |
win |
won |
won |
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四、ABC型之一（ 過去分詞以en結(jié)尾）
| |
原 形 |
過 去 式 |
過去分詞 |
詞義 |
|
1 |
beat |
beat |
beaten |
|
|
2 |
break |
broke |
broken |
|
|
3 |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
|
|
4 |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
|
|
5 |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
|
|
6 |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
|
|
7 |
freeze |
froze |
frozen |
|
|
8 |
give |
gave |
given |
|
|
9 |
mistake |
mistook |
mistaken |
|
|
10 |
ride |
rode |
ridden |
|
|
11 |
rise |
rose |
risen |
|
|
12 |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
|
|
13 |
take |
took |
taken |
|
|
14 |
write |
wrote |
written |
|
ABC 型之二（無規(guī)律型）
|
序號(hào) |
原 形 |
過 去 式 |
過去分詞 |
序號(hào) |
原 形 |
過 去 式 |
過去分詞 |
|
1 |
am, is |
was |
been |
5 |
go |
went |
gone |
|
2 |
are |
were |
been |
6 |
lie(躺) |
lay |
lain |
|
3 |
do |
did |
done |
7 |
see |
saw |
seen |
|
4 |
draw |
drew |
drawn |
8 |
wear |
wore |
worn |
ABC型之三（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）
|
序號(hào) |
原 形 |
過 去 式 |
過去分詞 |
序號(hào) |
原 形 |
過 去 式 |
過去分詞 |
|
1 |
can |
could |
/ |
4 |
shall |
should |
/ |
|
2 |
may |
might |
/ |
5 |
will |
would |
|
|
3 |
must |
/ |
/ |
|
|
|
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歸納記憶法
一、過去式，過去分詞相同：
1. 去掉字母組合ee中的一個(gè)e
meet／met／met feed／fed／fed
2. 去掉字母組合ee中的一個(gè)e,然后再在詞尾加t
feel／felt／felt sleep／slept／slept
keep／kept／kept sweep／swept／swept
3. 詞尾為的ll 去掉一個(gè)l加t
spell／spelt／spelt smell／smelt／smelt spill／spilt／spilt
4. 過去式和過去分詞以aught或 ought結(jié)尾 （有a則a，無a則o）
catch／caught／caught teach／taught／taught
bring／brought／brought buy／bought／bought
think／thought／thought
6. 將stand改為stood
stand／stood／stood understand／understood／understood
7. 將ay改為aid
lay／laid／laid pay／paid／paid say／said／said
8. 將d改為t
lend／lent／lent send／sent／sent
spend／spent／spent build／built／built
9. 將i改為a , o, u等
sit／sat／sat spit／spat／spat
win／won／won dig／dug／dug
10. 將ell改為old
tell／told／told sell／sold／sold
11. 詞尾加t
learn／learnt／learnt mean／meant／meant
dream／dreamt／dreamt spoil／spoilt／spoilt
12. 有兩種過去式和過去分詞, 一種是不規(guī)則的, 一種是規(guī)則的
learn／learnt／learnt learn／learned／learned
shine／shone／shone shine／shined／shined
hang／hung／hung hang／hanged／hanged
smell／smelt／smelt smell／smelled／smelled
13. 其它
have（has）／had／had hear／heard／heard
shoot／shot／shot lose／lost／lost
hold／held／held get／got／got（AmE gotten）
find／found／found make／made／made
leave／left／left
二、三者均不同：
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過去式以ew結(jié)尾、過去分詞以own結(jié)尾
blow／blew／blown fly／flew／flown
grow／grew／grown know／knew／known
throw／threw／thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed
draw/drew/drawn
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改i為a變成過去式、改i為u變成過去分詞
begin／began／begun drink／drank／drunk
ring／rang／rung sing／sang／sung
swim／swam／swum sink／sank／sunk
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改i為o變成過去式，過去分詞以n結(jié)尾
drive／drove／driven write／wrote／written
rise／rose／risen ride／rode／ridden
-
原形后加(e)n變成過去分詞
drive／drove／driven rise／rose／risen
eat／ate／eaten fall／fell／fallen
give／gave／given
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過去式后加(e) n變成過去分詞
break／broke／broken choose／chose／chosen
freeze／froze／frozen mistake／mistook／mistaken
steal／stole／stolen speak／spoke／spoken
take／took／taken wake／woke／woken（或woke）
-
其它
be／was或were／been do／did／done
forget／forgot／forgotten go／went／gone
hide／hid／hidden see／saw／seen
wear／wore／worn
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有兩種過去式和過去分詞，但詞義相同。
wake／woke／woken （或woke） wake／waked／waked
sink／sank／sunk sink／sunk／sunken
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動(dòng)詞因其過去式、過去分詞有兩種形式而產(chǎn)生不同詞義：
shone／shone照耀 shined／shined擦亮
hung／hung懸掛 hanged／hanged絞死
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兩個(gè)既可以做過去式，又可以做動(dòng)詞原形的詞
lie躺臥 lay／lain／lying（現(xiàn)在分詞）
lay放，下蛋 laid／laid／laying
find 找到、發(fā)現(xiàn) find／found／found
found 創(chuàng)建，成立 found／founded／founded
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