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人教版初一上冊英語知識點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)

 茶香飄萬里 2016-01-23

一、48個國際音標(biāo)及26個英文字母的正確書寫

要熟練掌握元音和輔音,5個元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。

二、be動詞的用法

be動詞有三種變形,分別是:am, is, are。記憶口訣:

"我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它";單數(shù)全都用is,復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。

三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)

1、三種人稱:第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you, you),第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria)。

2、人稱代詞的主格,即人稱代詞位于句子主語位置時的形態(tài):I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。

3、人稱代詞的賓格,即人稱代詞位于句子賓語位置時的形態(tài):me, us, you, you, him, her, it。

4、形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。

5、名詞性物主代詞:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。

6、反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。

四、基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)量多少的詞,大致相當(dāng)于代數(shù)里的自然數(shù))

zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。

五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句

1、一般疑問句:能用Yes或No來回答的問句。一般疑問句句尾讀升調(diào)。

2、特殊疑問句:不能用Yes或No來回答的問句。特殊疑問句句尾讀降調(diào)。

六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)

可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。

1、規(guī)則變化:

(1)一般情況直接在詞尾加"-s ",如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;

(2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞,要在詞尾加"-es ",如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;

(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i再加"-es ",如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;

(4)部分以f (e)結(jié)尾的詞,變f (e)為"ves ",如:knife-knives, half-halves等;

(5)以o結(jié)尾的詞,加"-s "或"-es ",如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣:除了"英雄"hero外,凡是能吃的,加"-es ",不能吃的加"-s "。

2、不規(guī)則變化:

(1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;

(2)單、復(fù)同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;

(3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。

七、簡單句的成分及主謂一致原則

最基本構(gòu)成:主語+謂語+賓語,其中謂語由動詞來充當(dāng)。

主謂一致原則,就是句子的謂語要始終與主語保持?jǐn)?shù)量上的一致性。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)(簡稱"三單")時,謂語動詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)主語非"三單"時,謂語動詞就用原形。實意動詞變"三單"的規(guī)則如下:

(1)一般動詞在詞尾加"-s ",如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;

(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的動詞加"-es ",如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;

(3)以o結(jié)尾的動詞一般加"-es ",如:do-does, go-goes等;

(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞,先變y為i,再加"-而是",如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;

(5)have的三單形式是has。

八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)

冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。

1、定冠詞the表示"特指",可譯為"這個"、"那個"、"這些"、"那些"。

2、不定冠詞a, an用來表明(可數(shù))名詞的數(shù)量是"一個"。an用于以元音開頭(注意不是以元音字母開頭)的單詞前,a則英語非元音開頭的單詞前。

3、不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)"數(shù)量",而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)"數(shù)量"。

九、助動詞(do, does )的用法

只有實意動詞作謂語時才涉及使用助動詞。以like為例:

(1)當(dāng)句子為肯定句時不涉及使用助動詞,只涉及"主謂一致"原則。

eg : I like English a lot.

Michael likes Chinese food very much.

(2)當(dāng)句子為否定句時,要根據(jù)主語的人稱來決定使用相應(yīng)的助動詞:當(dāng)主語為"三單"時,要使用does;當(dāng)主語為"非三單"時,用助動詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句:

Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.

They like sports.------They don't like sports.

(3)當(dāng)句子變疑問句時,同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句:

Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.

Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.

十、名詞所有格

1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;

2、用of表示"......的",但要從of后往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書)

3、have與of的區(qū)別:

have一般表示"主動擁有",往往用于有生命的人或動物;無生命的物體一般不能"主動擁有",表示所屬關(guān)系時要用of。例如:

I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.

a door of the house

十一、初一英語上冊知識點(diǎn)之課本中的知識點(diǎn)

1、Unit 1 --Unit 2

(1)問候語:

Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.

How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.

Hi! Hello!

How do you do?

(2)道別用語:

Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次見面,see用于熟人間)

Nice to meet/ see you, too.

Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!

(3)介紹人或者物的句型:This is...

(4)Excuse me.與I'm sorry.的區(qū)別:

Excuse me.是要引起對方的注意,而I'm sorry.則是向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?/p>

(5)詞組be from = come from

(6)當(dāng)問句中問到this/ that時,回答要用it;問到these/ those時,要用they來回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.

What are those?----They are books.

(7)對Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.

(8)look the same = have the same looks

give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.

be like = look like

in the tree/ on the tree (樹上結(jié)的、長出來的用on,否則用in)

in red(穿著紅色的衣服)

in the desk(在空間范圍之內(nèi))

in English(用英語)

help sb. do sth.

(9)both與all的區(qū)別:

both表示"兩者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。

2、Unit 3--Unit 4

(1)speak的用法

speak與say不同:speak表示"說"的動作,不表示"說"的內(nèi)容;say則表示"說"的內(nèi)容。

speak后面除了能接"語言"外,不能直接接?xùn)|西,后面加了to則表示"對......說"。

help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補(bǔ)習(xí)......)

want to do sth.(想要做某事)

would like to do sth.

not...at all(一點(diǎn)都不);Not at all.(沒關(guān)系/別介意)

like...a lot = like...very much

(2)some和any的區(qū)別:

口訣:some用于肯定句,否定、疑問變any。例如:

I have some money.

I don't have any money.

Do you have any money?

(3)have a seat = take a seat(請隨便坐)

(4)祈使句(表示命令或請求的句子)

祈使句一般都省略了主語You,所以其否定句直接用Don't開頭。例如:

Don't go there!

(5)問職業(yè):

What does sb. do?

What is sb.?

What's sb.'s job?

(6)work與job的區(qū)別:

work是未必有報酬的"工作",例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報酬的"工作"。

(7)on指在物體的表面,不論這個面是否水平的,例如:

on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground

(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院里)

look after(照料/照顧/照看)

help oneself(請自便/隨便吃)

(9)表示"建議"的句型:"做某事如何?"

What about (doing) sth.? (英式英語)

How about (doing) sth.? (美式英語)

Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?

(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper

have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper

take one's order

be kind to sb.

(11)try on這個詞組可合可分:名詞可以放在這個詞組的中間或后面,但代詞只能放在詞組的中間。

(12)在口語中往往用take表示"買"。

(13)how many與how much的區(qū)別:

how many + 可數(shù)名詞;how much + 不可數(shù)名詞

(14)What do you think of...? 是詢問對方對某事物的看法;

How do you like...? 是問對方對某事物喜歡的程度。

think about(考慮)

Thank you all the same. (即使對方?jīng)]能幫上忙,也要禮貌道謝)

Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作為動詞,不能單獨(dú)使用。)

(15)one與it的區(qū)別:

當(dāng)上下文說的是同一種類事物時,任意一個可以用one來代替;如果上下文所說的是同一個事物時則用it。例如:

Ann :I have a yellow bag.

Jane :I have a green one.

Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?

Mike : Look, it's over there.

(16)倒裝句

Here you are.

Here it is.

(17)be free (有空/免費(fèi))

forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)

forget doing sth.(忘了做過某事)

What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?

(18)go + v.-ing結(jié)構(gòu)的含義:為了實現(xiàn)某目的才去的。例如:

go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等

(19)have to do sth.(非主觀因素,強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素,"不得不去做某事")

must 則表示主觀愿望

(20)fly a kite = fly kites

be free = have time

(21)句型"該干某事了。":It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.

例如:該吃午飯了.

It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.

(22)時間的表述

當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r間大于0分、小于等于30分鐘時,用"分鐘"past"小時"。例如:

8:23--twenty-three past eight

當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r間大于30分鐘、小于60分鐘時,用"剩余的時間"to"下一個整點(diǎn)"。例如:

8:49--eleven to nine

當(dāng)然,還可以直接按照小時、分鐘去讀出時間,例如:

8:23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine

整點(diǎn)則在數(shù)詞后加"-o'clock",例如:8:00--eight o'clock

在鐘點(diǎn)前介詞要用at.

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