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Nginx 是一個輕量級高性能的 Web 服務(wù)器, 并發(fā)處理能力強, 消耗資源小, 無論是靜態(tài)服務(wù)器還是網(wǎng)站, Nginx 表現(xiàn)更加出色, 作為 Apache 的補充和替代使用率越來越高,目前很多大型網(wǎng)站都在使用Nginx做為 Web 服務(wù)器,例如:人人網(wǎng)。另外淘寶研發(fā)大軍針對大訪問量網(wǎng)站的需求,對Nginx做了專門的定制,添加了很多高級功能和特性(Tengine),Tengine的性能和穩(wěn)定性已經(jīng)在大型的網(wǎng)站如淘寶網(wǎng),天貓商城等得到了很好的檢驗。 本文將講解如何在Ubuntu Linux上使用 Nginx Web服務(wù)器來實現(xiàn)一臺電腦一個端口(80)搭建多個網(wǎng)站。 絕大多數(shù)的 Nginx 運行在 Linux 機器上, 雖然有 Windows 移植版,但在Windows下的測試發(fā)現(xiàn)Nginx發(fā)揮不是很好. 所以本文將以 Linux 為例講解, 而 Mac OS 或其他 Unix like 機器上的操作應(yīng)該是一樣的. Nginx版本lg@lg-PC:~$ nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.3.10 nginx配置文件默認目錄結(jié)構(gòu)/etc/nginx/ ├── conf.d │ ├── default.conf │ ├── example_ssl.conf ├── fastcgi.conf ├── fastcgi_params ├── koi-utf ├── koi-win ├── mime.types ├── nginx.conf ├── scgi_params ├── uwsgi_params └── win-utf 1 directory, 11 files 增加 Nginx 虛擬主機配置 Virtual host 步驟如下: 1.檢查/etc/nginx/nginx.conf配置文件,確保文件中有:include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; 例如: user lg;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
debug_connection 127.0.0.1;
debug_connection 192.168.1.0/24;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
client_max_body_size 13m;
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
2.關(guān)鍵步驟,在目錄/etc/nginx/conf.d/下面新建文件site1.conf,site2.conf,文件名任意寫,自己看明白就OK,后綴名需要與步驟1配置的一致,這里為.conf。site1代表我們的第一個站點,site2代表我們的第二個站點,下面我們看看兩個文件都需要寫點什么: site1.conf:server {
listen 80;
server_name ~^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$;
#charset koi8-r;
error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 503 504 /50x.html;
error_log /var/log/nginx/debug.log debug;
index index.html index.htm;
root /home/lg/www/;
location /svn {
root /home/lg/www/;
index index.html;
}
location = /favicon.ico {
try_files $uri $uri/favicon.ico /home/lg/www/favicon.ico =404;
}
location /share {
root /home/lg/Downloads;
}
# Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd, .DS_Store(Mac).
location ~ /\. {
deny all;
}
location ^~ /packages {
root /home/lg/Downloads/1software;
autoindex on;
autoindex_exact_size on;
autoindex_localtime on;
allow all;
}
location ^~ /Music {
root /home/lg/;
autoindex on;
autoindex_exact_size on;
autoindex_localtime on;
allow all;
}
location ^~ /Videos {
root /home/lg/;
autoindex on;
autoindex_exact_size on;
autoindex_localtime on;
allow all;
}
location ^~ /html5 {
root /home/lg/workspace/nodejs/;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ^~ /NginxStatus {
stub_status on;
access_log on;
#auth_basic 'NginxStatus';
#auth_basic_user_file conf.d/htpasswd
}
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
location = /404.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
site2.conf:server {
listen 80;
server_name ~^$;
root /home/lg/workspace/phpworkspace/wp;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
location = /favicon.ico {
try_files /home/lg/www/favicon.ico =404;
#log_not_found off;
#access_log off;
}
# Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd, .DS_Store(Mac).
location ~ /\. {
deny all;
}
location ~* /(?:uploads|files)/.*\.php$ {
deny all;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
}
location ~* ^.+\.(ogg|ogv|svg|svgz|eot|otf|woff|mp4|ttf|rss|atom|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|ppt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf)$ {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
expires max;
}
location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
expires 24h;
log_not_found off;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}
}
3.測試配置文件,沒問題就加載新配置文件 lg@lg-PC:~$ sudo nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful lg@lg-PC:~$ sudo kill -HUP `cat /var/run/nginx.pid` lg@lg-PC:~$ 4.打開文件/etc/hosts,添加 127.0.0.1 5.打開瀏覽器分別請求下面的地址進行測試,如果相應(yīng)內(nèi)容不一樣,那么咱們就大功告成了。 http://127.0.0.1 http:// 到這里,大家也許已經(jīng)明白怎么回事了,我再羅嗦兩句,我這里的site1.conf相當(dāng)與一個靜態(tài)文件服務(wù)器,site2.conf是一個php的網(wǎng)站,大家可以看到配置文件中加粗顯示的兩行:listen和server_name分別代表監(jiān)聽端口和虛擬主機名稱。80端口沒得說,重點解釋下server_name,server_name用的是正則表達式,~^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$匹配所有的ip地址,~^$匹配,這里也可以直接寫成server_name 127.0.0.1;或者server_name ; 當(dāng)我們請求http://127.0.0.1/時,nginx會使用兩個server_name配置的正則表達式分別去測試請求地址中的127.0.0.1來決定使用那個虛擬主機,這里當(dāng)然就是使用site1.conf中配置的server了。當(dāng)我們請求http:///時,nginx就會選擇使用site2.conf中配置的server了。 |
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