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高考動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)解題指導(dǎo)

 許愿真 2014-05-25
一、根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語,副詞直接判斷
1. The last time I _____ Jane she ______ cotton in the fields. (NMET92)
  A. had seen; was picking       B. saw; picked
  C. had seen; picked            D. saw; was picking
分析:選D。根據(jù)the last time(這里也作從屬連詞)分析,從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)saw,主句謂語表示當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作“正在摘棉花”,所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2. When Jack arrived, he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour. (NMET92)
  A. had gone    B. had set off    C. had left     D. had been away
分析:選D。go,set off,leave為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不能與for,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用,另外空格所需動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在learned之前,故應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。
3. The volleyball match will be put off if it _____. (NMET91)
  A. will rain     B. rains      C. rained      D. is raining
分析:選B。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的時(shí)間,主句用一般將來時(shí)或“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”的謂語形式。
4. Mary _____ a dress when she cut her finger. (NMET91)
  A. make    B. is making    C. was making    D. makes
分析:選C。主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示背景,when從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)表示意外之事。又如:He was crossing the street when he was hit by a car.
5. -Can I join your club, Dad?
   -You can when you _____a bit older. (NMET94)
  A. get     B. will get     C. are getting     D. will have got
分析:選A。when,before,after等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,主句用一般將來時(shí)或can,may,must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形的謂語形式,這里you can后省略了join the club。
6. I need one more stamp before my collection _______. (NMET94)
  A. has completed   B. completed   C. has been completed   D. is completed
分析:選D。before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,由于從句主語是物my collection,所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。
7. As she _____ the newspaper, Granny _______ asleep. (NMET95)
  A. read; was falling            B. was reading; fell
  C. was reading; was falling          D. read; fell
分析:選B。as引導(dǎo)的從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示時(shí)間較長的“背景”,“奶奶正在看報(bào)時(shí)”,主句是時(shí)間較短的事情“睡著”,用一般過去時(shí)。
8. -How long _____each other before they _____ married?
   -For about a year. ( NMET93)
  A. have they known; get      B. did they know; were going to get
  C. do they know; are going to get     D. had they known; got
分析:選D。before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來,因此不能選A。how long一般用于完成時(shí)態(tài),所以此題before引導(dǎo)的從句用過去時(shí),主句表示“過去的過去”,用過去完成時(shí)。
9. -Do you know our town at all?
   -No, this is the first time I ______ here.  (NMET92)
  A. was     B. have been      C. came     D. am coming
分析:選B。從句意“第一次到這里”分析,它不表示動(dòng)作而應(yīng)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have been。
10. I don’t really work here; I _____until the new secretary arrives. (NMET94)
   A. just help out            B. have just helped out 
   C. am just helping out           D. will just help out
分析:選C。副詞just與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“正在”做某事。此句意為“我不是真的在這里工作”,我只是“一段時(shí)間在這里幫忙”。
二、從上下文獲取“信息”,解語境時(shí)態(tài)題
1. -Nancy is not coming tonight.
-But she _____! (NMET98)
A. promises    B. promised    C. will promise    D. had promised
分析:選B。C項(xiàng)應(yīng)該排除,因?yàn)樯衔腘ancy表示“今晚不來”,不可能再 “將答應(yīng)”。D項(xiàng)過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”,而上下文沒有這個(gè)背景,所以不妥當(dāng)。A項(xiàng)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常的行為動(dòng)作,而對(duì)參加今晚活動(dòng)只須答應(yīng)一次。只有B項(xiàng)正確,用一般過去時(shí)表示震驚:“她曾答應(yīng)過”,怎么反悔改變了?
2. Shirley _____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it. (NMET98)
  A. has written    B. wrote    C. had written   D. was writing
分析:選D。不能因時(shí)間狀語last year就選B,因?yàn)橄挛腎 don’t know whether she has finished it表明她不一定寫完,只能說她去年“在寫”一本關(guān)于中國的書。不同語境中的同一時(shí)間狀語可能對(duì)應(yīng)不同時(shí)態(tài),本題last year是這樣,下面句子中for 5 years也是這樣:Mrs. Smith has lived in Paris for 5 years.(用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))/ Mrs. Smith had lived in Paris for 5 years before she went to New York. (用于過去完成時(shí))
3. -Who is Jerry Cooper?
   -_____? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. (NMET97)
  A. Don’t you meet him yet     B. Hadn’t you met him yet
  C. Didn’t you meet him yet    D. Haven’t you met him yet
分析:選D。從下文“我看見你同他握手”,到現(xiàn)在為止見面這個(gè)行為應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),采取否定問句時(shí)為了表示驚訝,懷疑;“怎么你還沒有同他見面???”“我看見你在會(huì)上同他握手的?!?br> 4. -Hey, look where you are going!
   -Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ______. (NMET99)
  A. I’m not noticing      B. I wasn’t noticing
  C. I haven’t noticed     D. I don’t notice
分析:選B。上文對(duì)方說“看你往那里走”,經(jīng)過這一提醒,聽話人才發(fā)現(xiàn)走錯(cuò)路了,原因時(shí)在這之前一直未留心。表示過去一段時(shí)間一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
5. The price ______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET99)
  A. went down   B. will go down    C. has gone down    D. was going down
分析:選C。從下文whether it(the price)will remain so“價(jià)格是否將保持這樣”判斷,價(jià)格,“已經(jīng)降了下來”,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
6. Helen _____ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home. (NMET96)
  A. has left; comes      B. left; had come  
  C. had left; came       D. had left; would come
分析:選C。從下文so she had to wait判斷Helen把鑰匙丟在辦公室里是在這之前,即“過去的過去”,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),“等她丈夫回來”應(yīng)是過去將來時(shí),until引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)表過去。
7. -Can I help you, sir?
   -Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it ______. (NMET96)
   A. didn’t work   B. won’t work   C. can’t work   D. doesn’t work
分析:選D。從上文Can I help you?可知這是售貨員與顧客之間的對(duì)話。顧客反映昨天買了一臺(tái)收音機(jī),但壞了,要求調(diào)換或退貨,原因當(dāng)然“現(xiàn)在”它不響了,所以A,B不合題意。C項(xiàng)不合常理,本身講不通。
8. I don’t think Jim saw me; he _____ into space. (NMET95)
  A. just stared     B. was just staring  
  C. has just stared     D. had just stared
分析:選B。上文saw提供了一個(gè)過去的語境,副詞just與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“正在”做某事:他當(dāng)時(shí)沒有看見我,他“正在”凝視天空。
9. -Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
   -I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET97)
   A. had     B. would     C. was going to     D. did
分析:選C。對(duì)方問Alice“昨天”為什么不來,Alice說家里來了一個(gè)不速之客,“本來打算來”,應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí),“be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算,準(zhǔn)備做某事,符合題意。Was going to后省略了your home(party…)之類的詞語。
10. -Is this raincoat yours?
    -No, mine ______ there behind the door. (NMET97)
   A. is hanging   B. has hung   C. hangs    D. hung
分析:選A。應(yīng)話人用no一詞已表明這件雨衣不是他的,他的雨衣“正掛在”門背后,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

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