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中考考點 英語動詞有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)之分。主動語態(tài)句子中的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)句子中的主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)由“be + v-ed”構(gòu)成。關(guān)于動詞的語態(tài)變化請看下表: 動詞的語態(tài)變化 一、被動語態(tài)用于以下幾種情況 1. 不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。如: Many new buildings are built in our city. 2. 強調(diào)動作的承受者。如: The wounded man has been sent to a hospital. 3. 動作執(zhí)行者有比較長的修飾語。如: The person was supported by those who wished to have a chance to make friends with him. 4. 出于禮貌,不愿說出動作的執(zhí)行者。如: You are requested to attend the party. 二、過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別 1. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞是表示主語的特征或狀態(tài);而被動結(jié)構(gòu)則是表示主語是動作的承受者。試比較: Our building is surrounded with the trees.(系表) The film is usually showed on Sunday.(被動) 2. 系表結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有by引導(dǎo)的短語;而被動結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用by引導(dǎo)的短語引出動作的執(zhí)行者。試比較: The book is well written. (系表) The book was written by Lu Xun.(被動) 三、使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾點 1. 帶雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時,只能將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個賓語仍要保留。如果保留的是間接賓語,要在間接賓語之前加上介詞to或for.如: We are taught English by her.或English is taught to us by her. 2. 主動語態(tài)中的不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,要加上不定式符號to.如: The boss made him work over twelve hours a day. He was made to work over twelve hours a day. 3. 短語動詞用于被動語態(tài)應(yīng)作為一個整體,不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如: The meeting has been put off. 4. 有些及物動詞和及物動詞短語(多表示“靜態(tài)”)不能用于被動語態(tài),常見的有have, cost, lack, last, own, hold, fit, agree with等。 5. 有些不及物動詞以主動形式表示被動意義,常見的有cut, wash, write, sell等。如: The shirt washes well.
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