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紅黑樹(shù)作為一種特殊類(lèi)型的二叉樹(shù),在軟件中有很多的用處。但是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上面,講解紅黑樹(shù)的文章和博客很多,可是真正找一份可以信賴的、方便使用的紅黑樹(shù)代碼卻不多。本篇文章的目的就是介紹如何正確使用紅黑樹(shù)的代碼。
本篇文章的紅黑樹(shù)代碼主要來(lái)自linux kernel
2.6.7,其中實(shí)現(xiàn)文件保存在ib/rbtree.c,而頭文件保存在include/linux/rbtree.h。當(dāng)前的linux代碼已經(jīng)升級(jí)到
3.0以上了,但是關(guān)于紅黑樹(shù)的代碼內(nèi)容卻沒(méi)有什么大的改變,這說(shuō)明關(guān)于紅黑樹(shù)的代碼是非常穩(wěn)定的。
(1)紅黑樹(shù)的來(lái)源
a)雙向鏈表是二叉樹(shù)的最初來(lái)源,雖然二叉樹(shù)也可以做到基本有序,但是查找起來(lái)十分麻煩
b)在雙向鏈表的基礎(chǔ)上,人們發(fā)明了二叉樹(shù),二叉樹(shù)保證了數(shù)據(jù)可以像數(shù)組一樣快速完成二分查找,極大地提高了查找效率
c)二叉樹(shù)存在各個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)查找效率不一致的情況,為了做到數(shù)據(jù)查找效率一致,人們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了二叉平衡樹(shù),左子樹(shù)和右子樹(shù)的高度絕對(duì)值之差要小于1
d)為了減少子樹(shù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的次數(shù),人們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了紅黑樹(shù),進(jìn)一步提高了數(shù)據(jù)插入和刪除的效率
(2)紅黑樹(shù)的概念
a)紅黑樹(shù)的每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)必須是紅色或者是黑色
b)根節(jié)點(diǎn)到葉節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的路徑不存在連續(xù)的紅色節(jié)點(diǎn)
c)根節(jié)點(diǎn)到葉節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的黑色節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)相同
(3)紅黑樹(shù)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)定義
- #ifndef _RBTREE_H
- #define _RBTREE_H
-
- #include <stdio.h>
-
- struct rb_node
- {
- struct rb_node *rb_parent;
- int rb_color;
- #define RB_RED 0
- #define RB_BLACK 1
- struct rb_node *rb_right;
- struct rb_node *rb_left;
- };
-
- struct rb_root
- {
- struct rb_node *rb_node;
- };
-
- #define RB_ROOT { NULL }
- #define rb_entry(ptr, type, member) \
- ((type *)((char *)(ptr)-(unsigned long)(&((type *)0)->member)))
-
- extern void rb_insert_color(struct rb_node *, struct rb_root *);
- extern void rb_erase(struct rb_node *, struct rb_root *);
-
-
- extern struct rb_node *rb_next(struct rb_node *);
- extern struct rb_node *rb_prev(struct rb_node *);
- extern struct rb_node *rb_first(struct rb_root *);
-
-
- extern void rb_replace_node(struct rb_node *victim, struct rb_node *new,
- struct rb_root *root);
-
- static void rb_link_node(struct rb_node * node, struct rb_node * parent,
- struct rb_node ** rb_link)
- {
- node->rb_parent = parent;
- node->rb_color = RB_RED;
- node->rb_left = node->rb_right = NULL;
-
- *rb_link = node;
- }
-
- #endif /* _RBTREE_H */
(4) 紅黑樹(shù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)
a) 完成內(nèi)容
1、調(diào)整插入節(jié)點(diǎn)rb_node的顏色
2、在rb_root中刪除指定rb_node
3、獲取首節(jié)點(diǎn)
4、獲取上一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)
5、獲取下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)
6、替換節(jié)點(diǎn)
b)實(shí)現(xiàn)源代碼
- #include "rbtree.h"
-
- static void __rb_rotate_left(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root *root)
- {
- struct rb_node *right = node->rb_right;
-
- if ((node->rb_right = right->rb_left))
- right->rb_left->rb_parent = node;
- right->rb_left = node;
-
- if ((right->rb_parent = node->rb_parent))
- {
- if (node == node->rb_parent->rb_left)
- node->rb_parent->rb_left = right;
- else
- node->rb_parent->rb_right = right;
- }
- else
- root->rb_node = right;
- node->rb_parent = right;
- }
-
- static void __rb_rotate_right(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root *root)
- {
- struct rb_node *left = node->rb_left;
-
- if ((node->rb_left = left->rb_right))
- left->rb_right->rb_parent = node;
- left->rb_right = node;
-
- if ((left->rb_parent = node->rb_parent))
- {
- if (node == node->rb_parent->rb_right)
- node->rb_parent->rb_right = left;
- else
- node->rb_parent->rb_left = left;
- }
- else
- root->rb_node = left;
- node->rb_parent = left;
- }
-
- void rb_insert_color(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root *root)
- {
- struct rb_node *parent, *gparent;
-
- while ((parent = node->rb_parent) && parent->rb_color == RB_RED)
- {
- gparent = parent->rb_parent;
-
- if (parent == gparent->rb_left)
- {
- {
- register struct rb_node *uncle = gparent->rb_right;
- if (uncle && uncle->rb_color == RB_RED)
- {
- uncle->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- parent->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- gparent->rb_color = RB_RED;
- node = gparent;
- continue;
- }
- }
-
- if (parent->rb_right == node)
- {
- register struct rb_node *tmp;
- __rb_rotate_left(parent, root);
- tmp = parent;
- parent = node;
- node = tmp;
- }
-
- parent->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- gparent->rb_color = RB_RED;
- __rb_rotate_right(gparent, root);
- } else {
- {
- register struct rb_node *uncle = gparent->rb_left;
- if (uncle && uncle->rb_color == RB_RED)
- {
- uncle->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- parent->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- gparent->rb_color = RB_RED;
- node = gparent;
- continue;
- }
- }
-
- if (parent->rb_left == node)
- {
- register struct rb_node *tmp;
- __rb_rotate_right(parent, root);
- tmp = parent;
- parent = node;
- node = tmp;
- }
-
- parent->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- gparent->rb_color = RB_RED;
- __rb_rotate_left(gparent, root);
- }
- }
-
- root->rb_node->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- }
-
- static void __rb_erase_color(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_node *parent,
- struct rb_root *root)
- {
- struct rb_node *other;
-
- while ((!node || node->rb_color == RB_BLACK) && node != root->rb_node)
- {
- if (parent->rb_left == node)
- {
- other = parent->rb_right;
- if (other->rb_color == RB_RED)
- {
- other->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- parent->rb_color = RB_RED;
- __rb_rotate_left(parent, root);
- other = parent->rb_right;
- }
- if ((!other->rb_left ||
- other->rb_left->rb_color == RB_BLACK)
- && (!other->rb_right ||
- other->rb_right->rb_color == RB_BLACK))
- {
- other->rb_color = RB_RED;
- node = parent;
- parent = node->rb_parent;
- }
- else
- {
- if (!other->rb_right ||
- other->rb_right->rb_color == RB_BLACK)
- {
- register struct rb_node *o_left;
- if ((o_left = other->rb_left))
- o_left->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- other->rb_color = RB_RED;
- __rb_rotate_right(other, root);
- other = parent->rb_right;
- }
- other->rb_color = parent->rb_color;
- parent->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- if (other->rb_right)
- other->rb_right->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- __rb_rotate_left(parent, root);
- node = root->rb_node;
- break;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- other = parent->rb_left;
- if (other->rb_color == RB_RED)
- {
- other->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- parent->rb_color = RB_RED;
- __rb_rotate_right(parent, root);
- other = parent->rb_left;
- }
- if ((!other->rb_left ||
- other->rb_left->rb_color == RB_BLACK)
- && (!other->rb_right ||
- other->rb_right->rb_color == RB_BLACK))
- {
- other->rb_color = RB_RED;
- node = parent;
- parent = node->rb_parent;
- }
- else
- {
- if (!other->rb_left ||
- other->rb_left->rb_color == RB_BLACK)
- {
- register struct rb_node *o_right;
- if ((o_right = other->rb_right))
- o_right->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- other->rb_color = RB_RED;
- __rb_rotate_left(other, root);
- other = parent->rb_left;
- }
- other->rb_color = parent->rb_color;
- parent->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- if (other->rb_left)
- other->rb_left->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- __rb_rotate_right(parent, root);
- node = root->rb_node;
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- if (node)
- node->rb_color = RB_BLACK;
- }
-
- void rb_erase(struct rb_node *node, struct rb_root *root)
- {
- struct rb_node *child, *parent;
- int color;
-
- if (!node->rb_left)
- child = node->rb_right;
- else if (!node->rb_right)
- child = node->rb_left;
- else
- {
- struct rb_node *old = node, *left;
-
- node = node->rb_right;
- while ((left = node->rb_left))
- node = left;
- child = node->rb_right;
- parent = node->rb_parent;
- color = node->rb_color;
-
- if (child)
- child->rb_parent = parent;
- if (parent)
- {
- if (parent->rb_left == node)
- parent->rb_left = child;
- else
- parent->rb_right = child;
- }
- else
- root->rb_node = child;
-
- if (node->rb_parent == old)
- parent = node;
- node->rb_parent = old->rb_parent;
- node->rb_color = old->rb_color;
- node->rb_right = old->rb_right;
- node->rb_left = old->rb_left;
-
- if (old->rb_parent)
- {
- if (old->rb_parent->rb_left == old)
- old->rb_parent->rb_left = node;
- else
- old->rb_parent->rb_right = node;
- } else
- root->rb_node = node;
-
- old->rb_left->rb_parent = node;
- if (old->rb_right)
- old->rb_right->rb_parent = node;
- goto color;
- }
-
- parent = node->rb_parent;
- color = node->rb_color;
-
- if (child)
- child->rb_parent = parent;
- if (parent)
- {
- if (parent->rb_left == node)
- parent->rb_left = child;
- else
- parent->rb_right = child;
- }
- else
- root->rb_node = child;
-
- color:
- if (color == RB_BLACK)
- __rb_erase_color(child, parent, root);
- }
-
-
-
-
- struct rb_node *rb_first(struct rb_root *root)
- {
- struct rb_node *n;
-
- n = root->rb_node;
- if (!n)
- return 0;
- while (n->rb_left)
- n = n->rb_left;
- return n;
- }
-
- struct rb_node *rb_next(struct rb_node *node)
- {
-
-
- if (node->rb_right) {
- node = node->rb_right;
- while (node->rb_left)
- node=node->rb_left;
- return node;
- }
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- while (node->rb_parent && node == node->rb_parent->rb_right)
- node = node->rb_parent;
-
- return node->rb_parent;
- }
-
- struct rb_node *rb_prev(struct rb_node *node)
- {
-
-
- if (node->rb_left) {
- node = node->rb_left;
- while (node->rb_right)
- node=node->rb_right;
- return node;
- }
-
-
-
- while (node->rb_parent && node == node->rb_parent->rb_left)
- node = node->rb_parent;
-
- return node->rb_parent;
- }
-
- void rb_replace_node(struct rb_node *victim, struct rb_node *new,
- struct rb_root *root)
- {
- struct rb_node *parent = victim->rb_parent;
-
-
- if (parent) {
- if (victim == parent->rb_left)
- parent->rb_left = new;
- else
- parent->rb_right = new;
- } else {
- root->rb_node = new;
- }
- if (victim->rb_left)
- victim->rb_left->rb_parent = new;
- if (victim->rb_right)
- victim->rb_right->rb_parent = new;
-
-
- *new = *victim;
- }