中學(xué)英語常用時態(tài)的系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)

    英語與漢語最大之不同就是英語具有時態(tài)的語法特點，而漢語則無此項語法內(nèi)容。此種區(qū)別也恐是廣大中國中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的最大障礙之一。老師始終認(rèn)為，任何一個龐雜，混亂，使人感到困惑的事物，只要找到其內(nèi)在的規(guī)律，就會較為容易地駕馭和掌握它。英語的時態(tài)也不例外。事實上，人人都懂得這個道理。但是，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個事物的內(nèi)在規(guī)律就不是嘴上說說那么容易了。

一.時態(tài)概論：

    所謂的英語時態(tài)就是動作發(fā)生的時間不同，要用不同的動詞形式來表達(dá)。因而，英語時態(tài)的駕馭和掌握必須以動作發(fā)生的時間為根本，進(jìn)行判斷，從而來進(jìn)行時態(tài)的選擇。英語中，常用的時態(tài)共計十種。根據(jù)現(xiàn)行的新課標(biāo)教材安排，英語時態(tài)被分成下列二個階段：

    初中：八種

    高中：二種

    重難點在于各種時態(tài)之間的區(qū)別，綜合運(yùn)用以及動詞形式的記憶。

二.時態(tài)分類：

    英語時態(tài)按下列名稱分類為：

        現(xiàn)在時態(tài)          過去時態(tài)

       一般現(xiàn)在時         一般過去時

       現(xiàn)在將來時         過去將來時

       現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時         過去進(jìn)行時

       現(xiàn)在完成時         過去完成時

       現(xiàn)在將來進(jìn)行時

       現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

    以上各時態(tài)平起平坐，無任何順序排列而言。也即，它們是同等的重要和常用，不應(yīng)厚此薄彼。

三.學(xué)習(xí)方法：

    在多年的英語教學(xué)實踐中，一直奉行方法領(lǐng)先的教學(xué)原則。在教授英語時態(tài)時也不例外。只有這樣，才能使學(xué)生概念清晰，才能使學(xué)生在學(xué)完時態(tài)以后，嫻熟地將其轉(zhuǎn)化為能力。萊曼英語根據(jù)英語時態(tài)的內(nèi)在規(guī)律，推出英語時態(tài)的“五點論”學(xué)習(xí)方法：

  1.含義：每一種時態(tài)獨有反映其內(nèi)在規(guī)律的含義。

  2.中文線索：每一種英語時態(tài)都會有相應(yīng)的中文時間定位。

  3.構(gòu)成：每一種時態(tài)都有其獨特的構(gòu)成，或被稱為時態(tài)句型。

   <1>.一般現(xiàn)在時：【be(am is are) do does 三單形式】

   <2>.現(xiàn)在將來時：【助動詞shall will + do / be（動詞原形）】

   <3>.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：【助動詞be(am is are) + doing（現(xiàn)在分詞）】
   <4>.現(xiàn)在完成時：【助動詞have has + done(過去分詞）】
   <5>.一般過去時：【be(was were) / did(過去式）】

   <6>.過去將來時：【助動詞should would + be / do】

  5.時態(tài)例句：通過例句，掌控不同的時態(tài)，使其嫻熟起來，區(qū)別于其他時態(tài)。

四.各時態(tài)例句展示：

 1.一般現(xiàn)在時：【be(am is are) do does (三單形式)】 

   I always swim in the afternoon.It is usually sunny.

   He always swims in the afternoon.He feels very relaxed.

 2.現(xiàn)在將來時：【助動詞shall will + do / be（動詞原形）】

   I will swim tomorrow afternoon.I am not going to have any classes.

   He will swim tomorrow afternoon.He is going to have a swimming test.

 3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：【助動詞be(am is are) + doing（現(xiàn)在分詞）】

   I am swimming in the gym with my classmates now.I want to improve my swimming skill.

   He is swimming in the gym with his classmates now.He likes swimming very much.

 4.現(xiàn)在完成時：【助動詞have has + done(過去分詞）】

   I have already swum for nearly an hour. I enjoyed myself very much.

   He has already swum for nearly an hour. He felt a little bit tired.

 5.一般過去時：【be(was were) / did(過去式）】

   I swam yesterday afternoon.I didn't do my homework.

   He swam yesterday afternoon.He had nothing to do at that time.

 6.過去將來時：【助動詞should would + be / do（動詞原形）】

   I told you just now that I would swim in the gym.You may find me there.

   He said that he he would swim in the gym.And he asked us to meet him there.

 7.過去進(jìn)行時：【助動詞be(was were) + doing（現(xiàn)在分詞）】  

   She asked me if I was swimming in the lake.I said "yes".

   He told us on the phone that he was swimming in the lake.And he wanted to continue.

 8.過去完成時：【助動詞had + done(過去分詞）】  

   I had already swum for half an hour when he came to the swimming pool.Then he joined us.

   He told me that he had already swum for more than an hour.And he had never relaxed like that.

 9.現(xiàn)在將來進(jìn)行時：【助動詞shall will + be + doing（現(xiàn)在分詞）】  

   I will be swimming with my classmates tomorrow afternoon.I can't go to see my grandparents.

   He will be swimming in the sea of Hawaii this time next year.I hope he will have a good time there.

 10.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：【助動詞have has + been + doing（現(xiàn)在分詞）】   

   I have been swimming here for thirty minutes.And more people are coming to join us.

   He has been swimming here for an hour.It seems that he will be in the water for another hour.

    以上是為學(xué)習(xí)英語的學(xué)生粗略總結(jié)和對比了一下英語中常見的時態(tài)例句。至于各種時態(tài)的詳盡解說，將安排在下一講中，希望學(xué)生予以關(guān)注。