|
|
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
|
tall |
taller |
tallest |
|
smart |
smarter |
smartest |
|
short |
shorter |
shortest |
|
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
|
nice |
nicer |
nicest |
|
fine |
finer |
finest |
|
large |
larger |
largest |
|
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
|
easy |
easier |
easiest |
|
pretty |
prettier |
prettiest |
|
happy |
happier |
happiest |
|
funny |
funnier |
funniest |
|
busy |
busier |
busiest |
|
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
|
slim |
slimmer |
slimmest |
|
thin |
thinner |
thinnest |
|
hot |
hotter |
hottest |
|
big |
bigger |
biggest |
|
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
|
beautiful |
more beautiful |
most beautiful |
|
important |
more important |
most important |
|
interesting |
more interesting |
most interesting |
|
expensive |
more expensive |
most expensive |
|
popular |
more popular |
most popular |
|
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
|
slowly |
more slowly |
most slowly |
|
quickly |
more quickly |
most quickly |
|
angrily |
more angrily |
most angrily |
|
softly |
more softly |
most softly |
|
noisily |
more noisily |
most noisily |
|
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
|
interesting |
more interesting |
most interesting |
|
excited |
more excited |
most exciting |
|
tired |
more tired |
most tired |
|
boring |
more boring |
most boring |
|
原級 |
比較級 |
最高級 |
|
good/well |
better |
best |
|
bad/badly/ill |
worse |
worst |
|
many/much |
more |
most |
|
little |
less |
least |
|
far |
farther/further |
farthest/furthest |
|
old |
older/elder |
oldest/eldest |
誤:Your English is better than me.
正:Your English is better than mine.
◇比較級前可以有一個表示程度的狀語,最常見的三大修飾詞是:a little, much, even。
以下單詞也可用來修飾:any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。
My sister is a little taller than me.
Their house is much larger than ours.
另外,名詞短語也可修飾比較級,說明程度。
I’m three years older than he.
特別提醒:very, quite, too不可修飾比較級。
◇避免重復使用比較級。
誤:He is more kinder to small animals than I.
正:He is much kinder to small animals than I.
誤:He is more cleverer than his brother.
正:He is cleverer than his brother.
◇比較要符合邏輯,在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時,避免將主語含在比較對象中,這時需使用other來排除自身。
誤:China is larger that any country in Asia.
正:China is larger than any other country in Asia.
誤:John studies harder than any student in his class.
正:John studies harder than any other student in his class.
正:John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.
正:John studies harder than anyone else in his class.
◇比較要遵循前后一致的原則,注意前后呼應。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
◇序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。
Africa is the second largest continent.
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.
◇為避免重復,我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,those代替可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。one既可指人又可指物,只能代替可數(shù)名詞。
The weather in China is different from that in America.
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
誤:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.
正:In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.
◇“否定詞 + 比較級”相當于最高級。
----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?
----I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.
Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.
◇比較級前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者,且比較級后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了of the two,這時比較級前一定要加the。
He is the taller of the two.
Of the two jobs,he chose the harder.
Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?
試比較:
Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
◇不含than 的比較級前可加不定冠詞修飾,構(gòu)成“a/an+比較級+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示 “一個更……的人/物”。
Why don’t you use a sharper knife? 你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢?
◇比較級than 后應用人稱代詞的主格,但非正式語體中常用賓格。
He is taller than I/me.
◇為避免重復,比較級中同樣的動詞用助動詞do, does, did替代。
I spend less time doing homework than John does.
She tells more funny jokes than we do.
以下內(nèi)容不是初中教學的重點,僅供拓展之用。
◇形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示“非?!薄?
It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.
◇倍數(shù)表達法
▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高)/這座新樓比那座舊樓大(高)三倍。
▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。
▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。
用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上,兩倍可以用twice或double.
□注意事項:
該句型為比較級的最基本句型。只要看到than,即可確定前面使用比較級。
He is taller than I am.
The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.
◇句型二:less + 形容詞的原級 + than
□注意事項:
該句型表示“不如、不及”,特別需要注意的是,less本身就是little的比較級,后面必須跟形容詞的原級,否定就造成了比較級的重復使用。
This computer is less expensive than that one.
◇句型三:as +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as
□注意事項:
該句型表示對比的兩者程度相當,as之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級,決不能使用比較級。此外,還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個as前的動詞,如果是系動詞(如be,感官動詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel等),那么就用形容詞的原級,如果前面的動詞是一般的實義動詞,那么就必須用副詞的原級修飾動詞。
This lesson is as easy as that one.
Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.
特別提醒:as…as之間也可以跟名詞,句型如下:
☆as +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+as
He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。
☆as + many/much+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+as
I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙,我也能。
I have as many books as you do. 我的書和你的一樣多。
We’ll give you as much help as we can. 我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。
其它幾個關于as…as的句型:
☆as … as one can:盡其所能
He began to run as fast as he could.
☆as … as possible:盡可能
Please help us as quickly as possible.
☆as soon as…一……就……
He will call me as soon as he comes here.
◇句型四:not as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as
□注意事項:
該句型表示“前者不如后者……”,往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個as可以換為so。
This classroom is not as bright as yours.
I cannot run as fast as you.
◇句型五:the +形容詞或副詞最高級+ in / of / among +比較范圍
□注意事項:
如果這里為副詞最高級,前面的the常常省略。介詞in和of的用法完全不一樣。in表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)”,如:in the classroom,in the world。of表示“在同類之間”,of后面的詞與主語同類,另名詞前一般有冠詞the。among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之間”,among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。
The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.
Peter is the tallest of the six students.
This picture is the most beautiful among these.
◇句型六:one of + 形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式
□注意事項:
one of有三大考點:1. 后跟形容詞最高級;2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式;3. 作主語時主語為one,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.
◇句型七:比較級+and +比較級 / more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級
□注意事項:
該句型表示“越來越……”,如果該形容詞比較級構(gòu)成形式加er,則用前面的句型;如果該形容詞比較級加more構(gòu)成,則用后面的句型。
It is getting hotter and hotter.
The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.
◇句型八:the +比較級+…, the +比較級+…
□注意事項:
該句型意思為“越……就越……”,表示兩種情況同時變化。
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
◇句型九:be different from
□注意事項:
該句型沒有運用比較級,但也是對兩者事物進行比較。注意前后比較需在同類事物中進行。
My schoolbag is different from yours.
◇句型十:the same as… / the same…as…
□注意事項:
該句型同樣沒有運用比較級,表示兩者之間具有共同特性。注意這里的as和same為固定搭配,不能隨便變換。
I don’t want to buy the same things as Amy did.
◇句型十一:比較級+than + any other +名詞單數(shù)形式
□注意事項:
any other 后面跟單數(shù)名詞,表示“任何別的”,即主語在范圍內(nèi),必須把自身從這一范圍內(nèi)除去,否則邏輯上不通。如果主語不在這一范圍內(nèi),那么要把other去掉,只用any即可。
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. (上海在中國這個范圍內(nèi),所以用any other)
Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu. (上海不在江蘇,所以只需用any)
◇句型十二:比較級+than + the other +名詞復數(shù)形式
□注意事項:
該句型相當于any other +名詞單數(shù)形式,常用來進行同義句改寫。該句型與句型十一雖然波表面上都是比較級,但實際上相當于最高級。以下三句表達的是同一個意思。
Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.
Daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class.
Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.
特別提醒:表示兩者(人或物)比較時,比較的對象應是同類事物,不同類的事物之間無法進行比較。
|
|