像Google和Zappos這樣的公司，以其‘拼命工作，盡情玩’的態(tài)度和親善的工作環(huán)境而出名。但他們的員工也更健康嗎？根據(jù) Tel Aviv大學(xué)的研究表明，和同事有良好的關(guān)系能帶來長遠(yuǎn)的健康好處。

Dr. Sharon Toker of the Department of Organizational Behavior at TAU's Leon Recanati Graduate School of Business Administration says that employees who believe that they have the personal support of their peers at work are more likely to live a longer life. "We spend most of our waking hours at work, and we don't have much time to meet our friends during the weekdays," explains Dr. Toker. "Work should be a place where people can get necessary emotional support." 

TA大學(xué)組織行為學(xué)系的Sharon Toker博士說道，相信能從同輩中得到幫助的員工更容易長壽。博士解釋道，‘我們把大部分醒著的時間都用來工作了，我們沒有太多的時間在工作日見朋友。工作場所應(yīng)該成為人們能得到情感支持的地方。’

Dr. Toker and her TAU colleagues Prof. Arie Shirom and Yasmin Alkaly, along with Orit Jacobson and Ran Balicer from Clalit Healthcare Services, followed the health records of 820 adults who worked an average of 8.8 hours a day through a two-decade period. Those who had reported having low social support at work were 2.4 times more likely to die sometime within those 20 years, says Dr. Toker. 

Toker博士和他大學(xué)的同事Arie教授及Yasmin教授文聯(lián)合了來自Clalit醫(yī)療服務(wù)中心的Orit 和Ran，一同對820名成人的醫(yī)療記錄進(jìn)行了跟蹤。研究對象在20年里平均每天工作8.8小時。在這20年里，那些被報告在工作時得到低支持率的人有2.4倍的死亡可能性。

The study has been published in the journal Health Psychology. 

此項(xiàng)研究被發(fā)布在健康心理學(xué)期刊上。

Reaching out 

情感交流

820 study participants were drawn from adults aged 25 to 65 who came into their local HMO office for a routine check-up. Researchers controlled for various psychological, behavioral or physiological risk factors, such as smoking, obesity and depression, and administered a questionnaire to participants, who were drawn from a wide variety of professional fields including finance, health care and manufacturing. 

820位研究參與者分別從25歲到65歲不等，并在當(dāng)?shù)氐慕】稻S系機(jī)構(gòu)做一個常規(guī)體檢。研究者控制各種精神或行為因素，例如吸煙、肥胖和抑郁，并且給參與者做了問卷調(diào)查以便了解其不同的職業(yè)背景，包括金融、醫(yī)療和制造業(yè)等。

Researchers asked about employees' relationships with their supervisors, and also assessed the subjects' evaluation of their peer relationships at work, and whether their peers were friendly and approachable, a reflection of emotional and professional support. Dr. Toker suspects that the perception of emotional support was the strongest indicator of future health. 

研究者詢問員工與其上司的關(guān)系，評估參與者對同事關(guān)系的評估，如他們是否友好、容易親近，情感的反應(yīng)和工作上的幫助。Toker博士懷疑情感支持這一說法是未來健康最強(qiáng)有力的指標(biāo)。

During the course of the study, says Dr. Toker, 53 participants died, most of whom had negligible social connections with their co-workers. A lack of emotional support at work led to a 140% increased risk of dying in the next twenty years compared to those who reported supportive co-workers, she concluded. 

Toker博士說，在研究過程中，53位參與者去世，他們中的大多數(shù)人與他們的同事的關(guān)系很無關(guān)緊要。與那些在工作中得到支持的人比較，缺乏情感支持導(dǎo)致了未來20年死亡風(fēng)險增長了140%。

While building a supportive environment for employees may seem intuitive, Dr. Toker says that many workplaces have lost their way. Despite open concept offices, many people use email rather than face-to-face communication, and social networking sites that may provide significant social connection are often blocked. 

Toker博士說，當(dāng)為員工建立一個有支持性的環(huán)境似乎是理所當(dāng)然的，但很多工作環(huán)境都不能做到。盡管在開放觀念的辦公室，人們還是用郵件交流更多過面對面交流，而提供巨大社會聯(lián)系的社交網(wǎng)站可能常常被封。

How to make an office friendlier to your health? Dr. Toker suggests coffee corners where people can congregate to sit and talk; informal social outings for staff members; an internal virtual social network similar to Facebook; or a peer-assistance program where employees can confidentially discuss stresses and personal problems that may affect their position at work - anything that encourages employees to feel emotionally supported, she says. 

如何讓辦公室變得更友善？Toker博士建議咖啡間是人們聚集在一起坐著說話的地方；讓員工社會情感交流非正式化；像Facebook一樣的內(nèi)部虛擬的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)；同輩幫助活動，員工可以自信地討論壓力和個人問題。這些問題可以影響到他的工作。員工們被鼓勵去感受情感支持。

Power burdens women, frees men 

權(quán)力釋放了男人，壓迫了女人

The study also addressed "control issues" in the workplace, Dr. Toker says. Study participants were asked if they were able to take initiative at work and if they had the freedom to make their own decisions on how tasks should be accomplished. Results indicate that while men flourished when afforded more control over their daily work tasks, women with the same control had a shorter lifespan. Those women who reported that they had significant control over their tasks and workflow had a 70 percent increased risk of dying over the 20-year period. 

研究還指出工作場所的‘控制問題’。 Toker博士說，研究參與者被問及他們是否能夠在工作中積極主動，如果他們有自由決定工作任務(wù)該被如何完成的話，他們怎么做。結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)男性在日常工作中被賦予更多自主時，他們是活躍的；同樣情況，女性壽命會縮短。這些女性明顯對她們的任務(wù)和工作流程有嚴(yán)格控制，她們在未來20年的死亡可能性也增加了70%

In one sense, explains Dr. Toker, power at work is a good thing. "But there is a lot of responsibility on your shoulders," she adds. "If you have to make important decisions with no guidance, it can be stressful." Women in high power positions, she adds, may be overwhelmed with the need to be tough at work, and still be expected to maintain stressful duties when at home.

Toker博士說，從某種意義上說，工作上的權(quán)力是件好事。她補(bǔ)充道，‘但是你的肩膀上就會有很多責(zé)任。如果你必須在沒有指導(dǎo)的情況下作出重要的決策，那就會很有壓力。’女性在權(quán)重的職位上時，可能需要變得很強(qiáng)硬，同時在家庭里也被期望能處理有壓力的工作。