hanselman這篇文章很有意思，盡管不是每個(gè)問題都很值得作為面試問題出現(xiàn)，但是很多都值得去仔細(xì)想想。
一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的面試問題，尤其是針對Senior Engineer的面試問題，不應(yīng)該僅僅是問某個(gè)api的用法，某個(gè)很容易從幫助中找到的內(nèi)容。有發(fā)散性，可以基于問題進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展的問題才是一個(gè)比較好的問題。
下面是一個(gè)非常長的問題列表，主要是關(guān)于面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)模式，以及一些實(shí)際工程中會用到概念，都是比較基本的，但是也非常能考察一個(gè)高級工程師的水平，因?yàn)闀可娴椒浅６喾矫妗?/p>
另外要說明的是下面很多概念性問題可以直接從wiki維基百科上找到答案。另外我會標(biāo)記出個(gè)人覺得比較值得問的問題。
原文在這里 http://www./blog/NewInterviewQuestionsForSeniorSoftwareEngineers.aspx
# What is something substantive that you’ve done to improve as a developer in your career?
有沒有做過什么比較實(shí)質(zhì)性的事情來提升你的程序員職業(yè)水平？
好問題。我的回答：這個(gè)很難說，我的做法是堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)，堅(jiān)持寫技術(shù)類博客。另外有些經(jīng)驗(yàn)在這里提到過http:///?p=1799
# Would you call yourself a craftsman (craftsperson) and what does that word mean to you?
不敢叫自己大師啊，那得多牛逼？！
# Implement a <basic data structure> using <some language> on <paper|whiteboard|notepad>.
用某種語言在紙面上實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)基本的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。(用近似真實(shí)格式的偽代碼來表達(dá)?)
好問題。我的回答，找一本基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)書籍吧，比如這一本《數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)與算法分析：C語言描述（原書第2版）》
# What is SOLID?
參考http://en./wiki/Solid_%28object-oriented_design%29
這個(gè)solid不是說“結(jié)實(shí)的”，而是面向?qū)ο笪宕笤瓌t的簡稱：單一責(zé)任原則，開閉原則，萊西科夫替換原則，接口分離原則，依賴倒置原則。
好問題。這幾個(gè)原則的確應(yīng)該背下來，太基礎(chǔ)了。
# Why is the Single Responsibility Principle important?
為什么單一責(zé)任原則重要？
好問題。我的回答，因?yàn)槁氊?zé)明確，設(shè)計(jì)就不容易混亂，即使有后續(xù)變化也是可控的。
# What is Inversion of Control? How does that relate to dependency injection?
參考http://en./wiki/Inversion_of_control
實(shí)際中的例子，通知開會，一種可以打電話通知到每個(gè)人（這屬于中心控制型的，必須有個(gè)controller/manager之類的）；也可張貼一個(gè)告示，大家自己來看，這屬于事件響應(yīng)型的。
# How does a 3 tier application differ from a 2 tier one?
三層應(yīng)用與兩層應(yīng)用的區(qū)別是什么？
我只知道MVC三層應(yīng)用。
# Why are interfaces important?
為什么接口重要？
好問題。接口的重要在于消費(fèi)者（客戶端）不需要了解生產(chǎn)者（服務(wù)端）的細(xì)節(jié)，接口相當(dāng)于合同，當(dāng)合同不變的時(shí)候，誰生產(chǎn)如何生產(chǎn)都不是消費(fèi)者關(guān)心的問題。
# What is the Repository pattern? The Factory Pattern? Why are patterns important?
關(guān)于設(shè)計(jì)模式的問題，
第一個(gè)參考http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff649690.aspx
工廠模式基本上是眾人皆知的模式了。
為何模式重要？我不覺得模式重要，模式的重要性在于讓你能“喔！原來是這個(gè)”。但是對于一個(gè)沒有幾年編程經(jīng)驗(yàn)的開發(fā)者而言，模式只能讓你更混亂。
設(shè)計(jì)模式很多情況下是通過加入一個(gè)抽象層來解決耦合之類的問題，但是層次越多越復(fù)雜，就好比單位中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的級別越多越官僚一樣。
# What are some examples of anti-patterns?
反模式？少用模式，多寫點(diǎn)清晰的代碼吧。
# Who are the Gang of Four? Why should you care?
四人組，名字叫不上來，但是他們是設(shè)計(jì)模式的總結(jié)者。
# How do the MVP, MVC, and MVVM patterns relate? When are they appropriate?
這也是微軟特色，大家只要知道MVC就行了，其實(shí)大家現(xiàn)在用的都是MVC，但是由于水平高低，效果就是千差萬別。
啥MVP，MVVM我不知?。ㄒ膊皇遣恢?，只知道MVVM是wpf的一個(gè)概念，可我也不用wpf?。?/p>
# Explain the concept of Separation of Concerns and it’s pros and cons.
參考http://en./wiki/Separation_of_concerns
我也不是了解的很細(xì)。
# Name three primary attributes of object-oriented design. Describe what they mean and why they’re important.
封裝/繼承/多態(tài)？
參考這里吧http://en./wiki/Object-oriented_programming
學(xué)C++這幾個(gè)概念是基礎(chǔ)啊
# Describe a pattern that is NOT the Factory Pattern? How is it used and when?
不是工廠模式，我知道個(gè)單件模式。還有模板模式/facade模式/strategy模式，具體也要翻翻書，很少有意識的套用。
# You have just been put in charge of a legacy code project with maintainability problems. What kind of things would you look to improve to get the project on a stable footing?
第一步，先把代碼用最大警告級別編譯一遍，然后fix所有值得fix的warning。
好問題。
# Show me a portfolio of all the applications you worked on, and tell me how you contributed to design them.
如果光是看文檔，很難說到實(shí)質(zhì)上。
好問題。
# What are some alternate ways to store data other than a relational database? Why would you do that, and what are the trade-offs?
好問題，很多啦，內(nèi)存/文件/云存儲/nosql等等。tradeoff就看你的應(yīng)用需求了。blabla。。。
# Explain the concept of convention over configuration, and talk about an example of convention over configuration you have seen in the wild.
好問題。
我能想到的就是買車開車，很少有人買到車以后，拿著說明書調(diào)試這個(gè)那個(gè)，一般都是直接上路，因?yàn)槠噺S會給你一個(gè)比較不錯(cuò)的默認(rèn)配置，也就是所謂的“方便”。
這個(gè)方便也保證了你開其它車，基本上都差不多，不用重新配置或者學(xué)習(xí)什么。
所謂方便”convention“就是把相對不錯(cuò)/比較普遍適用的配置都內(nèi)置好了，用就是了。
# Explain the differences between stateless and stateful systems, and impacts of state on parallelism.
解釋有狀態(tài)與無狀態(tài)系統(tǒng)，以及有狀態(tài)系統(tǒng)在并行上的影響。
好問題。這個(gè)說不好。有狀態(tài)系統(tǒng)因?yàn)楸３譅顟B(tài)，并發(fā)運(yùn)行時(shí)的訪問/修改需要有鎖同步機(jī)制。
# Discuss the differences between Mocks and Stubs/Fakes and where you might use them (answers aren’t that important here, just the discussion that would ensue).
跟TDD相關(guān)的問題。不會哦。
# Discuss the concept of YAGNI and explain something you did recently that adhered to this practice.
解釋“YAGNI”。
最簡單的例子是當(dāng)我們定義接口，會特意預(yù)留出一兩個(gè)參數(shù)，說是為了將來使用，其實(shí)，沒有將來。屁嘞！你根本不需要它！
不是說不考慮可擴(kuò)展性，但是要基于可預(yù)測的基礎(chǔ)上。
# Explain what is meant by a sandbox, why you would use one, and identify examples of sandboxes in the wild.
比如把虛擬機(jī)比如vmware virtualbox作為沙箱，用起來可以隔離風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。大不了重啟，或者刪除之。
# Concurrency
* What’s the difference between Locking and Lockless (Optimistic and Pessimistic) concurrency models?
* What kinds of problems can you hit with locking model? And a lockless model?
* What trade offs do you have for resource contention?
* How might a task-based model differ from a threaded model?
* What’s the difference between asynchrony and concurrency?
這些問題不錯(cuò)。并發(fā)相關(guān)的問題，設(shè)計(jì)多用戶高性能系統(tǒng)必知。
# Are you still writing code? Do you love it?
我喜歡編程。
# You’ve just been assigned to a project in a new technology how would you get started?
如果是我，先了解這個(gè)技術(shù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。小心求證，盡量縮小使用范圍，否則是很致命的。
# How does the addition of Service Orientation change systems? When is it appropriate to use?
不懂。
# What do you do to stay abreast of the latest technologies and tools?
我跟的很緊哦！
# What is the difference between "set" logic, and "procedural" logic. When would you use each one and why?
不懂要問什么。
# What Source Control systems have you worked with?
ClearCase.很難用。最近不少問題都是跟CC相關(guān)的。
# What is Continuous Integration? Have you used it and why is it important?
持續(xù)集成。這個(gè)概念跟TDD也掛鉤。
# Describe a software development life cycle that you’ve managed.
涉及的還是傳統(tǒng)模型，不是scrum型的。
# How do you react to people criticizing your code/documents?
批評沒問題，但是要有道理有根據(jù)。
# Whose blogs or podcasts do you follow? Do you blog or podcast?
這就很多了，看我以前寫的文章吧。
# Tell me about some of your hobby projects that you’ve written in your off time.
主要是Lua和Py的，appengine上的比較多。
# What is the last programming book you read?
最近看得是《C++ FAQs》中文版。翻譯的一般，內(nèi)容也比較陳舊。更堅(jiān)定了我使用C風(fēng)格的C++的決心。
# Describe, in as much detail as you think is relevant, as deeply as you can, what happens when I type "cnn.com" into a browser and press "Go".
盡可能詳細(xì)深入的描述，當(dāng)你在瀏覽器敲網(wǎng)址然后go后面的技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)。
好問題。很發(fā)散，絕對能看出面試者的技術(shù)厚度。
# Describe the structure and contents of a design document, or a set of design documents, for a multi-tiered web application.
# What’s so great about <cool web technology of the day>?
# How can you stop your DBA from making off with a list of your users’ passwords?
# What do you do when you get stuck with a problem you can’t solve?
# If your database was under a lot of strain, what are the first few things you might consider to speed it up?
先profiling哦！
# What is SQL injection?
# What’s the difference between unit test and integration test?
單元測試應(yīng)該是程序員做。集成測試就牽扯到tester了。
# Tell me about 3 times you failed.
# What is Refactoring ? Have you used it and it is important? Name three common refactorings.
我一直在重構(gòu)自己的代碼。重構(gòu)原則參考這里
C++項(xiàng)目代碼規(guī)范（偶自用）http:///?p=1787
# You have two computers, and you want to get data from one to the other. How could you do it?
命名管道，socket，共享文件夾，路子還是很多的。
# Left to your own devices, what would you create?
# Given Time, Cost, Client satisfaction and Best Practices, how will you prioritize them for a project you are working on? Explain why.
這個(gè)很值得問。
# What’s the difference between a web server, web farm and web garden? How would your web application need to change for each?
# What value do daily builds, automated testing, and peer reviews add to a project? What disadvantages are there?
都是為了提升代碼質(zhì)量，但是會延長工期。
# What elements of OO design are most prone to abuse? How would you mitigate that?
# When do you know your code is ready for production?
看bug fix的統(tǒng)計(jì)曲線。
