| 形容詞(adj.) 表示人和事物的特征,對名詞起修飾和描繪作用 副詞(adv.)表示動作特征或性狀,主要修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞及整個句子 ?。ㄒ唬┬稳菰~的用法及位置 1.形容詞在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語等,作定語時一般放在名詞前。 Eg. She has short hair.(作定語) Paul is tall.(作表語) We must keep our room clean.(作賓補) 2.形容詞修飾不定代詞時放在其后。 eg.She has something important to tell us./ There’s nothing wrong in the sentence. (二)副詞的種類、用法及位置 1.副詞的種類 (1)時間副詞 ①表示大體時間:now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,so far ②表示頻率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never ③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally (2)地點副詞 ①表地點:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere, nowhere,somewhere. ②表位置關(guān)系(后接賓語時,用作介詞): above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over, away,near,off,past ?。?/span>3)方式副詞表示謂語動詞“怎樣地”,(此類副詞大部分由形容詞加ly構(gòu)成): badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently, politely,sadly,properly,rapidly, wrongly,suddenly. ?。?/span>4)程度副詞 多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞或副詞:much,(a)little,a bit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly (5)疑問副詞 構(gòu)成特殊疑問句:how,when, where,why ?。?/span>6)連接副詞 連接主語、賓語或表語從句:how,when,where,why (7)關(guān)系副詞 引導定語從句:when,where,why ?。?/span>8)其它性質(zhì)的副詞對整個句子進行說明,一般用逗號與主句隔開: frankly(坦率地說,說真的),generally(一般說來),luckily(幸運地是),first of all(首先)等。 2.副詞的用法及位置 (1)修飾動詞作狀語 ①多數(shù)位于動詞之后,及物動詞的賓語或介問的賓語之后。 eg.The farmers are working hard in the field. She speaks English well. The nurse looks after the babies carefully. ②頻度副詞放在動詞前,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后。 eg.He always goes to school On foot. She was often late for school. I have never been to Beijing· ?。?/span>2)修飾形容詞作狀語,放在形容詞前。 eg.He has a very nice watch. The box is too heavy. ?。?/span>3)修飾另一副詞作狀語,放在另一副詞前。 eg.She paints quite well. You speak too fast.I can’t understand you. ?。?/span>4)作表語,放在系動詞后。 eg.Is anybody in? ?。?/span>5)作賓語補足語,放在賓語之后。 eg.I saw him out just now. ?。?/span>6)作定語,放在名詞之后。 eg.There is a man:here On vacation. (7)疑問副詞、修飾整個句子的副詞以及perhaps,first,sometimes,finally等副詞,一般放在句首。 eg.Finally,I finished the work. Perhaps he’s watching TV at home. ?。?/span>8)表示程度的副詞一般放在被修飾詞前,而enough則放在它所修飾的詞后。 eg. He is old enough to go to school. ?。ㄈ┬稳菰~和副詞的比較等級 1.比較級、最高級的構(gòu)成 ?。?/span>1)單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 ①一般在詞尾加er或est great——greater——greatest,young——younger——youngest,slow→slower→slowest ②以e結(jié)尾的只加r或st nice——nicer——nicest,large——larger—largest. ③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先變y為i,再加er或est heavy——heavier——heaviest, easy——easier——>easiest, busy——busier——busiest, funny——funnier——+funniest, early——earlier→earliest ④以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,先雙寫最末的一個輔音字母,再加er或est big——bigger——biggest, thin——thinner——>thinnest,fat—fatter→fattest, fitt—fitter→fittest ?。?/span>2)多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞,前加more為比較級,加(the)most為最高級 careful→more careful——most careful useful——more useful——most useful popular→more popular→most popular carelessly——more carelessly——most carelessly ?。?/span>3)不規(guī)則變化的詞 good/well→better→best bad/ill/badly→worse→worst many/much→more→most little→less→least old→older/elder→oldest(指年齡大?。?/span>eldest(指長幼順序) far→farther/further→farthest(指距離)/furthest(指程度) 2.形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的用法 ?。?/span>1)形容詞和副詞比較級的用法 ①用于兩者比較,表示“比…更…”: “A+系動詞+形容詞比較級+than+B, eg.I am two years older than my little sister. “A+謂語動詞+副詞比較級+than+B: eg. She gets to school earlier than the other students. ②用于兩者之間的同級比較,表示“…和…一樣”: “A+系動詞+as+形容詞原級+as+B, eg.Bill is as funny as his father. “A+謂語動詞+as+副詞原級+as+B” eg.Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily. ③表示甲在某方面不如乙: “A+系動詞+notas/so+形容i司原級+as十B” eg.These books aren’t as interesting as those. “A+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+not+謂語動詞+aS/SO+B” eg.She didn’t sing sO well that night as she usually does. ④表示某個范圍內(nèi)的兩者相比: “A十動詞十the+比較級+of短語(比較范圍)” eg.Penny is the taller of the two girls.Penny是這兩個女孩中較高的一個。 ⑤表示“越來越…”:“比較級+and+比較級” eg.In spring the days are getting longer and longer. 在春天,白天變得越來越長。 ⑥表示“越…越…”:“the+比較級…the+比較級” eg.The mort:you practice using English,the better you’ll learn it 你英語練得越多,就會學得越好。 ①可以用much,far,even,a bit,a little,a lot等修飾比較級表示程度,但決不可用very修飾。 eg.Tom is a little taller than Mike.Tom比Mike稍高一點; it is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷 ⑧在比較級中,為了避免重復,可用that或those代替前面提到過的事情。 eg.The weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometown.這兒比我的老家熱得多。 The pants in this shop are a lot better than those in that shop.這家商店的褲子比那家商店的褲子質(zhì)量好得多。 ?。?/span>3)形容詞和副詞最高級的用法 對三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較時用最高級。形容詞最高級前面要加定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可加the,也可省掉the;后面可帶of/in短浯來說明比較范圍: “主語+系動詞+the+形容詞最高級+of短語/in短語” eg.She is the youngest Of all. “A+謂語動詞+(the)+最高級+of短語/in短語” eg.Linda draws most carefully in her class. | 
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