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1. 當(dāng)Servlet容器接收到一個(gè)請求后,將請求交給你在wed.xml文件中配置的過濾器FilterDispatcher。 FilterDispatcher類的處理流程: 1.1 FilterDispatcher類實(shí)現(xiàn)了StrutsStatics, Filter這二個(gè)接口。StrutsStatics類定義了Struts2的常量。在這里不詳細(xì)介紹了。主要介紹Filter接口類,它核心有三個(gè)主要方法,doFilter、init和destroy。 1.1.1 init方法的使用 首先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)FilterConfig類 通過該查詢是否已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)日志文件,如果不存在則創(chuàng)建一個(gè)日志文件。(2.0沒) private void initLogging() { String factoryName = filterConfig.getInitParameter("loggerFactory"); if (factoryName != null) { try { Class cls = ClassLoaderUtils.loadClass(factoryName, this.getClass()); LoggerFactory fac = (LoggerFactory) cls.newInstance(); LoggerFactory.setLoggerFactory(fac); } catch (InstantiationException e) { System.err.println("Unable to instantiate logger factory: " + factoryName + ", using default"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { System.err.println("Unable to access logger factory: " + factoryName + ", using default"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { System.err.println("Unable to locate logger factory class: " + factoryName + ", using default"); e.printStackTrace(); } } log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FilterDispatcher.class); } 接著調(diào)用Dispatcher createDispatcher()方法,獲取wed.xml文件中的配置信息,并通過一個(gè)MAP對象進(jìn)行存儲。 protected Dispatcher createDispatcher(FilterConfig filterConfig) { Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>(); for (Enumeration e = filterConfig.getInitParameterNames(); e.hasMoreElements();) { String name = (String) e.nextElement(); String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter(name); params.put(name, value); } return new Dispatcher(filterConfig.getServletContext(), params); } 對象例子 <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>gb2312</param-value> </init-param> 接著把獲取到的相關(guān)參數(shù)傳給Dispatcher類。這個(gè)類主要實(shí)現(xiàn)對配置文件信息的獲取,根據(jù)配置信息,讓不同的action的結(jié)果返回到不同的頁面。 進(jìn)入到Dispatcher類,首先調(diào)用其init()方法,獲取配置信息。 ○1首先實(shí)例化一個(gè)ConfigurationManager對象。 ○2接著調(diào)用init_DefaultProperties()方法,這個(gè)方法中是將一個(gè)DefaultPropertiesProvider對象追加到ConfigurationManager對象內(nèi)部的ConfigurationProvider隊(duì)列中。 DefaultPropertiesProvider的register()方法可以載入org/apache/struts2/default.properties中定義的屬性。 DefaultPropertiesProvider類中的register()方法 public void register(ContainerBuilder builder, LocatableProperties props) throws ConfigurationException { Settings defaultSettings = null; try { defaultSettings = new PropertiesSettings("org/apache/struts2/default"); } catch (Exception e) { throw new ConfigurationException("Could not find or error in org/apache/struts2/default.properties", e); } loadSettings(props, defaultSettings); } ConfigurationManager類中的addConfigurationProvider()方法 public void addConfigurationProvider(ConfigurationProvider provider) { if (!configurationProviders.contains(provider)) { configurationProviders.add(provider); } } init_DefaultProperties()方法 private void init_DefaultProperties() { configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(new DefaultPropertiesProvider()); } ○3接著調(diào)用init_TraditionalXmlConfigurations()方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)載入FilterDispatcher的配置中所定義的config屬性。 如果用戶沒有定義config屬性,struts默認(rèn)會載入DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_PATHS這個(gè)值所代表的xml文件。它的值為"struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,struts.xml"。也就是說框架默認(rèn)會載入這三個(gè)項(xiàng)目xml文件。如果文件類型是XML格式,則按照xwork-x.x.dtd模板進(jìn)行讀取。如果,是Struts的配置文件,則按struts-2.X.dtd模板進(jìn)行讀取。 private void init_TraditionalXmlConfigurations() { String configPaths = initParams.get("config"); if (configPaths == null) { configPaths = DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_PATHS; } String[] files = configPaths.split("\\s*[,]\\s*"); for (String file : files) { if (file.endsWith(".xml")) { if ("xwork.xml".equals(file)) { configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider( new XmlConfigurationProvider(file, false)); } else { configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider( new StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider(file, false, servletContext)); } } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid configuration file name"); } } }
XmlConfigurationProvider類對文件讀取的模式 public void register(ContainerBuilder containerBuilder, LocatableProperties props) throws ConfigurationException { LOG.info("Parsing configuration file [" + configFileName + "]"); Map<String, Node> loadedBeans = new HashMap<String, Node>(); for (Document doc : documents) { Element rootElement = doc.getDocumentElement(); NodeList children = rootElement.getChildNodes(); int childSize = children.getLength(); for (int i = 0; i < childSize; i++) { Node childNode = children.item(i); if (childNode instanceof Element) { Element child = (Element) childNode; final String nodeName = child.getNodeName(); if (nodeName.equals("bean")) { String type = child.getAttribute("type"); String name = child.getAttribute("name"); String impl = child.getAttribute("class"); String onlyStatic = child.getAttribute("static"); String scopeStr = child.getAttribute("scope"); boolean optional = "true".equals(child.getAttribute("optional")); Scope scope = Scope.SINGLETON; if ("default".equals(scopeStr)) { scope = Scope.DEFAULT; } else if ("request".equals(scopeStr)) { scope = Scope.REQUEST; } else if ("session".equals(scopeStr)) { scope = Scope.SESSION; } else if ("singleton".equals(scopeStr)) { scope = Scope.SINGLETON; } else if ("thread".equals(scopeStr)) { scope = Scope.THREAD; } if (!TextUtils.stringSet(name)) { name = Container.DEFAULT_NAME; } try { Class cimpl = ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(impl, getClass()); Class ctype = cimpl; if (TextUtils.stringSet(type)) { ctype = ClassLoaderUtil.loadClass(type, getClass()); } if ("true".equals(onlyStatic)) { // Force loading of class to detect no class def found exceptions cimpl.getDeclaredClasses(); containerBuilder.injectStatics(cimpl); } else { if (containerBuilder.contains(ctype, name)) { Location loc = LocationUtils .getLocation(loadedBeans.get(ctype .getName() + name)); throw new ConfigurationException( "Bean type " + ctype + " with the name " + name + " has already been loaded by " + loc, child); } // Force loading of class to detect no class def found exceptions cimpl.getDeclaredConstructors(); if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("Loaded type:" + type + " name:" + name + " impl:" + impl); } containerBuilder .factory(ctype, name, new LocatableFactory(name, ctype, cimpl, scope, childNode), scope); } loadedBeans.put(ctype.getName() + name, child); } catch (Throwable ex) { if (!optional) { throw new ConfigurationException( "Unable to load bean: type:" + type + " class:" + impl, ex, childNode); } else { LOG.debug("Unable to load optional class: " + ex); } } } else if (nodeName.equals("constant")) { String name = child.getAttribute("name"); String value = child.getAttribute("value"); props.setProperty(name, value, childNode); } } } } } StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider類繼承于它,獲取大至相同。獲取那些對象后,把它們追加到ConfigurationManager對象內(nèi)部的ConfigurationProvider隊(duì)列中。 ○4 接著調(diào)用init_LegacyStrutsProperties()方法,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)LegacyPropertiesConfigurationProvider類,并將它追加到ConfigurationManager對象內(nèi)部的ConfigurationProvider隊(duì)列中。LegacyPropertiesConfigurationProvider類載入struts.properties中的配置,這個(gè)文件中的配置可以覆蓋default.properties中的。其子類是DefaultPropertiesProvider類。 private void init_LegacyStrutsProperties() { configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider( new LegacyPropertiesConfigurationProvider()); } ○5接著調(diào)用init_ZeroConfiguration()方法,這次處理的是FilterDispatcher的配置中所定義的actionPackages屬性。該參數(shù)的值是一個(gè)以英文逗號(,)隔開的字符串,每個(gè)字符串都是一個(gè)包空間,Struts 2框架將掃描這些包空間下的Action類。實(shí)現(xiàn)的是零配置文件信息獲取。它能夠能根據(jù)web.xml中配置的actionPackages自動掃描所有Action類,并猜測其NameSpace. 再利用CodeBehind猜測Result指向的jsp,實(shí)現(xiàn)了struts.xml的零配置(其實(shí)也不是完全沒有struts.xml,而是指struts.xml的內(nèi)容不會隨action的增加而膨脹)。 如果有特殊的結(jié)果指向(如redirect類型的結(jié)果),在Action處用@Result配置。 如有package級的配置(如使用非默認(rèn)的Interceptor棧),仍在struts.xml中定義package,用@ParentPackage指定。 不過,目前ZeroConfig的Annotation較少,只有@Result、@ParentPackage,@NameSpace(java的package名不符合約定規(guī)則時(shí)使用),還有exception-Mapping之類的配置沒有包含。 private void init_ZeroConfiguration() { String packages = initParams.get("actionPackages"); if (packages != null) { String[] names = packages.split("\\s*[,]\\s*"); // Initialize the classloader scanner with the configured packages if (names.length > 0) { ClasspathConfigurationProvider provider = new ClasspathConfigurationProvider(names); provider.setPageLocator( new ServletContextPageLocator(servletContext)); configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(provider); } } } ○6接著調(diào)用init_CustomConfigurationProviders()方法,此方法處理的是FilterDispatcher的配置中所定義的configProviders屬性。負(fù)責(zé)載入用戶自定義的ConfigurationProvider。 private void init_CustomConfigurationProviders() { String configProvs = initParams.get("configProviders"); if (configProvs != null) { String[] classes = configProvs.split("\\s*[,]\\s*"); for (String cname : classes) { try { Class cls = ClassLoaderUtils.loadClass(cname,this.getClass()); ConfigurationProvider prov = (ConfigurationProvider)cls.newInstance(); configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(prov); } catch (InstantiationException e) { throw new ConfigurationException("Unable to instantiate provider: "+cname, e); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { throw new ConfigurationException("Unable to access provider: "+cname, e); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new ConfigurationException("Unable to locate provider class: "+cname, e); } } } } ○7接著調(diào)用init_MethodConfigurationProvider()方法,但該方法已經(jīng)被注釋了。 ○8接著調(diào)用init_FilterInitParameters()方法,此方法用來處理FilterDispatcher的配置中所定義的所有屬性。 private void init_FilterInitParameters() { configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(new ConfigurationProvider() { public void destroy() {} public void init(Configuration configuration) throws ConfigurationException {} public void loadPackages() throws ConfigurationException {} public boolean needsReload() { return false; } public void register(ContainerBuilder builder, LocatableProperties props) throws ConfigurationException { props.putAll(initParams); } }); } ○9接著調(diào)用init_AliasStandardObjects()方法,并將一個(gè)BeanSelectionProvider類追加到ConfigurationManager對象內(nèi)部的ConfigurationProvider隊(duì)列中。BeanSelectionProvider類主要實(shí)現(xiàn)加載org/apache/struts2/struts-messages。 private void init_AliasStandardObjects() { configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(new BeanSelectionProvider()); } ○10接著調(diào)用init_PreloadConfiguration()方法,構(gòu)建調(diào)用上邊幾步添加到ConfigurationManager的getConfiguration()獲取當(dāng)前XWork配置對象。 private Container init_PreloadConfiguration() { Configuration config = configurationManager.getConfiguration(); Container container = config.getContainer(); boolean reloadi18n = Boolean.valueOf(container.getInstance( String.class, StrutsConstants.STRUTS_I18N_RELOAD)); LocalizedTextUtil.setReloadBundles(reloadi18n); ObjectTypeDeterminer objectTypeDeterminer = container.getInstance(ObjectTypeDeterminer.class); ObjectTypeDeterminerFactory.setInstance(objectTypeDeterminer); return container; } configurationManager.getConfiguration()方法 public synchronized Configuration getConfiguration() { if (configuration == null) { setConfiguration(new DefaultConfiguration(defaultFrameworkBeanName)); try { configuration.reload(getConfigurationProviders()); } catch (ConfigurationException e) { setConfiguration(null); throw e; } } else { conditionalReload(); } return configuration; }
○11接著調(diào)用init_CheckConfigurationReloading(container)方法,檢查配置重新加載。(具體怎樣不清楚) private void init_CheckConfigurationReloading(Container container) { FileManager.setReloadingConfigs("true".equals(container.getInstance( String.class, StrutsConstants.STRUTS_CONFIGURATION_XML_RELOAD))); } ○12接著調(diào)用init_CheckWebLogicWorkaround(Container container)方法,初始化weblogic相關(guān)配置。 private void init_CheckWebLogicWorkaround(Container container) { // test whether param-access workaround needs to be enabled if (servletContext != null && servletContext.getServerInfo() != null && servletContext.getServerInfo().indexOf("WebLogic") >= 0) { LOG.info("WebLogic server detected. Enabling Struts parameter access work-around."); paramsWorkaroundEnabled = true; } else { paramsWorkaroundEnabled = "true".equals(container.getInstance(String.class, StrutsConstants.STRUTS_DISPATCHER_PARAMETERSWORKAROUND)); } synchronized(Dispatcher.class) { if (dispatcherListeners.size() > 0) { for (DispatcherListener l : dispatcherListeners) { l.dispatcherInitialized(this); } } } } 接著用FilterConfig類獲取wed.xml配置文件中的“packages”參數(shù),并獲取參數(shù)所有的JAVA包名的列表的值,并調(diào)用parse(packages)方法,將數(shù)它們的值一個(gè)一個(gè)的獲取到一個(gè)List對象中。 protected String[] parse(String packages) { if (packages == null) { return null; } List<String> pathPrefixes = new ArrayList<String>(); StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(packages, ", \n\t"); while (st.hasMoreTokens()) { String pathPrefix = st.nextToken().replace('.', '/'); if (!pathPrefix.endsWith("/")) { pathPrefix += "/"; } pathPrefixes.add(pathPrefix); } return pathPrefixes.toArray(new String[pathPrefixes.size()]); } 1.1.2 doFilter方法的解釋,這方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了Action的調(diào)用。(最核心這個(gè)了) public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext(); String timerKey = "FilterDispatcher_doFilter: "; try { UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey); request = prepareDispatcherAndWrapRequest(request, response); ActionMapping mapping; try { mapping = actionMapper.getMapping(request, dispatcher.getConfigurationManager()); } catch (Exception ex) { LOG.error("error getting ActionMapping", ex); dispatcher.sendError(request, response, servletContext, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, ex); return; } if (mapping == null) { // there is no action in this request, should we look for a static resource? String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request); if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) { resourcePath = request.getPathInfo(); } if (serveStatic && resourcePath.startsWith("/struts")) { findStaticResource(resourcePath, indAndCheckResources(resourcePath), request, response); } else { // this is a normal request, let it pass through chain.doFilter(request, response); } // The framework did its job here return; } dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping); } finally { try { ActionContextCleanUp.cleanUp(req); } finally { UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey); } } } 首先實(shí)例化HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse、ServletContext這些對象。 接著調(diào)用UtilTimerStack.push()方法,但是搞不明這是有什么用的。 接著調(diào)用prepareDispatcherAndWrapRequest()方法。 protected HttpServletRequest prepareDispatcherAndWrapRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException { Dispatcher du = Dispatcher.getInstance(); if (du == null) { Dispatcher.setInstance(dispatcher); dispatcher.prepare(request, response); } else { dispatcher = du; } try { request = dispatcher.wrapRequest(request, getServletContext()); } catch (IOException e) { String message = "Could not wrap servlet request with MultipartRequestWrapper!"; LOG.error(message, e); throw new ServletException(message, e); } return request; } 首先調(diào)用Dispatcher.getInstance()靜態(tài)方法。在該方法中調(diào)用ThreadLocal類的get()方法,獲取當(dāng)前線程所對應(yīng)的線程局部變量。并通過它的返回,實(shí)例化一個(gè)Dispatcher對象。因此Struts2框架為每一個(gè)線程都提供了一個(gè)Dispatcher對象,所以在編寫Action的時(shí)候不需要考慮多線程的問題了。 private static ThreadLocal<Dispatcher> instance = new ThreadLocal<Dispatcher>(); public static Dispatcher getInstance() { return instance.get(); } 接著判斷du是否為空,如果是第一次訪問FilterDispatcher,那么du應(yīng)該為null,這時(shí)要調(diào)用Dispatcher的prepare()方法,在該方法中主要實(shí)現(xiàn)對編碼方式的設(shè)置。 public void prepare(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { String encoding = null; if (defaultEncoding != null) { encoding = defaultEncoding; } Locale locale = null; if (defaultLocale != null) { locale = LocalizedTextUtil.localeFromString(defaultLocale, request.getLocale()); } if (encoding != null) { try { request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding); } catch (Exception e) { LOG.error("Error setting character encoding to '" + encoding + "' - ignoring.", e); } } if (locale != null) { response.setLocale(locale); } if (paramsWorkaroundEnabled) { request.getParameter("foo"); } } 接著調(diào)用dispatcher.wrapRequest(request, getServletContext())方法,對request對象進(jìn)行包裝(只需進(jìn)行一次)。判斷Content-Type是否是multipart/form-data,如果是的話返回一個(gè)MultiPartRequestWrapper的對象處理文件上傳,否則返回StrutsRequestWrapper的對象處理普通請求。
public HttpServletRequest wrapRequest(HttpServletRequest request, ServletContext servletContext) throws IOException { if (request instanceof StrutsRequestWrapper) { return request; } String content_type = request.getContentType(); if (content_type != null && content_type.indexOf("multipart/form-data") != -1) { MultiPartRequest multi = getContainer().getInstance(MultiPartRequest.class); request = new MultiPartRequestWrapper(multi, request, getSaveDir(servletContext)); } else { request = new StrutsRequestWrapper(request); } return request; } ○1MultiPartRequestWrapper類的解釋(網(wǎng)上找的解釋,覺得很全,所以就用了拿來主義了) Struts2的MultiPartRequestWrapper來分離請求中的數(shù)據(jù)。(注意:向服務(wù)器請求時(shí),數(shù)據(jù)是以流的形式向服務(wù)器提交,內(nèi)容是一些有規(guī)則東東,我們平時(shí)在jsp中用request內(nèi)置對象取parameter時(shí),實(shí)際上是由tomcat的HttpServletRequestWrapper類分解好了的,無需我們再分解這些東西了。) MultiPartRequestWrapper這個(gè)類是Struts2的類,并且繼承了tomcat的HttpServletRequestWrapper類,也是我們將用來代替HttpServletRequest這個(gè)類的類,看名字也知道,是對多媒體請求的包裝類。Struts2本身當(dāng)然不會再造個(gè)輪子,來解析請求,而是交由Apache的commons-fileupload組件來解析了。 在MultiPartRequestWrapper的構(gòu)造方法中,會調(diào)用MultiPartRequest(默認(rèn)為JakartaMultiPartRequest類)的parse方法來解析請求。 在Struts2的JakartaMultiPartRequest類的parse方法中才會真正來調(diào)用commons-fileupload組 件的ServletFileUpload類對請求進(jìn)行解析,至此,Struts2已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了將請求轉(zhuǎn)交commons-fileupload組件對請求解 析的全過程。剩下的就是等commons-fileupload組件對請求解析完畢后,拿到分解后的數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)field名,依次將分解后的field名 和值放到params(HashMap類型)里,同時(shí)JakartaMultiPartRequest類重置了HttpServletRequest的好 多方法,比如熟知的getParameter、getParameterNames、getParameterValues,實(shí)際上都是從解析后得到的那 個(gè)params對象里拿數(shù)據(jù),在這個(gè)過程,commons-fileupload組件也乖乖的把上傳的文件分析好 了,JakartaMultiPartRequest也毫不客氣的把分解后的文件一個(gè)一個(gè)的放到了files(HashMap類型)中,實(shí)際上此 時(shí),commons-fileupload組件已經(jīng)所有要上傳的文件上傳完了。至此,Struts2實(shí)現(xiàn)了對HttpServletRequest類的包 裝,當(dāng)回到MultiPartRequestWrapper類后,再取一下上述解析過程中發(fā)生的錯(cuò)誤,然后把錯(cuò)誤加到了自己的errors列表中了。同樣我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)在MultiPartRequestWrapper類中,也把HttpServletRequest類的好多方法重載了,畢竟是個(gè)包裝類嘛,實(shí)際上對于上傳文件的請求,在Struts2后期的處理中用到的request都是MultiPartRequestWrapper類對象,比如我們調(diào)用getParameter時(shí),直接調(diào)用的是MultiPartRequestWrapper的getParameter方法,間接調(diào)的是JakartaMultiPartRequest類對象的getParameter方法。(注:從這里,我們就可以看出,JakartaMultiPartRequest是完全設(shè)計(jì)成可以替換的類了。 ) 接著ActionMapper.getMapping(), ActionMapper類是一個(gè)接口類,其具體實(shí)現(xiàn)是由DefaultActionMapper類實(shí)現(xiàn)的。以便確定這個(gè)請求是否有對應(yīng)的action調(diào)用。 DefaultActionMapper類中的getMapping()方法 public ActionMapping getMapping(HttpServletRequest request, ConfigurationManager configManager) { ActionMapping mapping = new ActionMapping(); String uri = getUri(request); uri = dropExtension(uri); if (uri == null) { return null; } parseNameAndNamespace(uri, mapping, configManager); handleSpecialParameters(request, mapping); if (mapping.getName() == null) { return null; } if (allowDynamicMethodCalls) { // handle "name!method" convention. String name = mapping.getName(); int exclamation = name.lastIndexOf("!"); if (exclamation != -1) { mapping.setName(name.substring(0, exclamation)); mapping.setMethod(name.substring(exclamation + 1)); } } return mapping; } 首先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ActionMapping對象(關(guān)于ActionMapping類,它內(nèi)部封裝了如下5個(gè)字段) private String name;// Action名 private String namespace;// Action名稱空間 private String method;// 執(zhí)行方法 private Map params;// 可以通過set方法設(shè)置的參數(shù) private Result result;// 返回的結(jié)果 這些參數(shù)在配置文件中都是可設(shè)置的,確定了ActionMapping類的各個(gè)字段的值,就可以對請求的Action進(jìn)行調(diào)用了。 接著調(diào)getUri(request)方法,它主要實(shí)現(xiàn)獲取請求的URI。這個(gè)方法首先判斷請求是否來自于一個(gè)jsp的include,如果是,那么請求 的"javax.servlet.include.servlet_path"屬性可以獲得include的頁面uri,否則通過一般的方法獲得請求的 uri,最后返回去掉ContextPath的請求路徑,比如http://127.0.0.1:8087/test/jsp /index.jsp?param=1,返回的為/jsp/index.jsp。去掉了ContextPath和查詢字符串等。 String getUri(HttpServletRequest request) { String uri = (String) request .getAttribute("javax.servlet.include.servlet_path"); if (uri != null) { return uri; } uri = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request); if (uri != null && !"".equals(uri)) { return uri; } uri = request.getRequestURI(); return uri.substring(request.getContextPath().length()); } 接著調(diào)用dropExtension(uri)方法,該方法負(fù)責(zé)去掉Action的"擴(kuò)展名"(默認(rèn)為"action") String dropExtension(String name) { if (extensions == null) { return name; } Iterator it = extensions.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) { String extension = "." + (String) it.next(); if (name.endsWith(extension)) { name = name.substring(0, name.length() - extension.length()); return name; } } return null; } 接著調(diào)用parseNameAndNamespace()方法, 此方法用于解析Action的名稱和命名空間,并賦給ActionMapping對象。 void parseNameAndNamespace(String uri, ActionMapping mapping, ConfigurationManager configManager) { String namespace, name; /* 例如 http://127.0.0.1:8087/teststruts/namespace/name.action?param=1 */ /* dropExtension()后,獲得uri為/namespace/name */ int lastSlash = uri.lastIndexOf("/"); if (lastSlash == -1) { namespace = ""; name = uri; } else if (lastSlash == 0) { namespace = "/"; name = uri.substring(lastSlash + 1); } else if (alwaysSelectFullNamespace) { // alwaysSelectFullNamespace默認(rèn)為false,代表是否將最后一個(gè)"/"前的字符全作為名稱空間。 namespace = uri.substring(0, lastSlash);// 獲得字符串 namespace name = uri.substring(lastSlash + 1);// 獲得字符串 name } else { /* 例如 http://127.0.0.1:8087/teststruts/namespace1/namespace2/ actionname.action?param=1 */ /* dropExtension()后,獲得uri為/namespace1/namespace2/actionname */ Configuration config = configManager.getConfiguration(); String prefix = uri.substring(0, lastSlash); // 獲得 /namespace1/namespace2 namespace = ""; /*如果配置文件中有一個(gè)包的namespace是 /namespace1/namespace2, 那么namespace為/namespace1/namespace2,name為actionname */ /* 如果配置文件中有一個(gè)包的namespace是 /namespace1, 那么namespace為/namespace1,name為/namespace2/actionname*/ for (Iterator i = config.getPackageConfigs().values().iterator(); i.hasNext();) { String ns = ((PackageConfig) i.next()).getNamespace(); if (ns != null && prefix.startsWith(ns) && (prefix.length() == ns.length() || prefix.charAt(ns.length()) == '/')) { if (ns.length() > namespace.length()) { namespace = ns; } } } name = uri.substring(namespace.length() + 1); } if (!allowSlashesInActionNames && name != null) { //allowSlashesInActionNames代表是否允許"/"出現(xiàn)在Action的名稱中,默認(rèn)為false int pos = name.lastIndexOf('/'); if (pos > -1 && pos < name.length() - 1) { name = name.substring(pos + 1); } } // 以 name = /namespace2/actionname 為例,經(jīng)過這個(gè)if塊后,name = actionname mapping.setNamespace(namespace); mapping.setName(name); } 接著調(diào)用handleSpecialParameters()方法, 該方法將請求參數(shù)中的重復(fù)項(xiàng)去掉.(但該方法存在問題,具體原因見“由IE瀏覽器引發(fā)的Struts2的Bug(submit無法傳至服務(wù)器).doc”) public void handleSpecialParameters(HttpServletRequest request, ActionMapping mapping) { // handle special parameter prefixes. Set<String> uniqueParameters = new HashSet<String>(); Map parameterMap = request.getParameterMap(); for (Iterator iterator = parameterMap.keySet().iterator(); iterator .hasNext();) { String key = (String) iterator.next(); // Strip off the image button location info, if found if (key.endsWith(".x") || key.endsWith(".y")) { key = key.substring(0, key.length() - 2); } // Ensure a parameter doesn't get processed twice if (!uniqueParameters.contains(key)) { ParameterAction parameterAction = (ParameterAction) prefixTrie .get(key); if (parameterAction != null) { parameterAction.execute(key, mapping); uniqueParameters.add(key); break; } } } } 接著判斷Action的name有沒有解析出來,如果沒,直接返回NULL。 if (mapping.getName() == null) { returnnull; } 最后處理形如testAction!method格式的請求路徑。 if (allowDynamicMethodCalls) { // handle "name!method" convention. String name = mapping.getName(); int exclamation = name.lastIndexOf("!"); //!是Action名稱和方法名的分隔符 if (exclamation != -1) { mapping.setName(name.substring(0, exclamation)); //提取左邊為name mapping.setMethod(name.substring(exclamation + 1)); //提取右邊的method } } ActionMapper.getMapping()流程圖: 從代碼中看出,getMapping()方法返回ActionMapping類型的對象,該對象包含三個(gè)參數(shù):Action的name、namespace和要調(diào)用的方法method。 接著,判斷如果getMapping()方法返回ActionMapping對象為null,則FilterDispatcher認(rèn)為用戶請求不是Action, 自然另當(dāng)別論,F(xiàn)ilterDispatcher會做一件非常有意思的事:如果請求以/struts開頭,會自動查找在web.xml文件中配置的 packages初始化參數(shù),就像下面這樣(注意粗斜體部分): <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class> org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>packages</param-name> <param-value>com.lizanhong.action</param-value> </init-param> </filter> FilterDispatcher會將com.lizanhong.action包下的文件當(dāng)作靜態(tài)資源處理,(但是Struts2.0和Struts2.1對其處理不同)Struts2.0只會顯示出錯(cuò)信息,而Struts2.1接在頁面上顯示文件內(nèi)容,不過會忽略 擴(kuò)展名為class的文件。比如在com.lizanhong.action包下有一個(gè)aaa.txt的文本文件,其內(nèi)容為“中華人民共和國”,訪問 http://localhost:8081/Struts2Demo/struts/aaa.txt時(shí)會有如下圖的輸出 FilterDispatcher.findStaticResource()方法,就是負(fù)責(zé)查找靜態(tài)資源的方法。 接著,如getMapping()方法返回ActionMapping對象不為null,則認(rèn)為正在請求某個(gè)Action,并且運(yùn)行dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping)方法,該方法是ACTION處理的核心。在Dispatcher.serviceAction()方法中,先加載Struts2的配置文件,如果沒有人為配置,則默認(rèn)加載struts- default.xml、struts-plugin.xml和struts.xml,并且將配置信息保存在形如 com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.XxxxConfig的類中。
public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ServletContext context,ActionMapping mapping) throws ServletException { Map<String, Object> extraContext = createContextMap(request, response, mapping, context); ValueStack stack = (ValueStack) request .getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY); if (stack != null) { extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK, ValueStackFactory.getFactory().createValueStack(stack)); } String timerKey = "Handling request from Dispatcher"; //"Handling request from Dispatcher"表示處理請求調(diào)度 try { UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey); String namespace = mapping.getNamespace(); String name = mapping.getName(); String method = mapping.getMethod(); Configuration config = configurationManager.getConfiguration(); ActionProxy proxy = config.getContainer().getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class).createActionProxy(namespace, name, extraContext, true, false); proxy.setMethod(method); request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack()); if (mapping.getResult() != null) { Result result = mapping.getResult(); result.execute(proxy.getInvocation()); } else { proxy.execute(); } if (stack != null) { request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, stack); } } catch (ConfigurationException e) { LOG.error("Could not find action or result", e); sendError(request, response, context,HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e); } catch (Exception e) { throw new ServletException(e); } finally { UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey); } } 首先調(diào)用createContextMap()方法,這個(gè)方法首先創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)名稱為extraContext的Map對象。它保存了request,session,application,mapping的信息,這些信息以后可以統(tǒng)一在此對象中查找。 Public Map<String,Object> createContextMap(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,ActionMapping mapping, ServletContext context) { Map requestMap = new RequestMap(request);// 封裝了請求對象 Map params = null;// 封裝了http參數(shù) if (mapping != null) { params = mapping.getParams();//從ActionMapping中獲取Action的參數(shù)Map } Map requestParams = new HashMap(request.getParameterMap()); if (params != null) { params.putAll(requestParams);// 并將請求中的參數(shù)也放入Map中 } else { params = requestParams; } Map session = new SessionMap(request);// 封裝了session Map application = new ApplicationMap(context);// 封裝了ServletContext /*將各個(gè)Map放入extraContext中 */ Map<String,Object> extraContext = createContextMap(requestMap, params, session, application, request, response, context); extraContext.put(ServletActionContext.ACTION_MAPPING, mapping); return extraContext; } 接著判斷request中是否已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)ValueStack對象,將其保存下來,留待以后恢復(fù),并把它進(jìn)行一些封裝后也存入extraContext中。 接下來是一些準(zhǔn)備工作,如,獲取了namespace,name,method等。 接著構(gòu)建一個(gè)ActionProxy對象,它負(fù)責(zé)對真實(shí)的Action進(jìn)行調(diào)用,并可以在調(diào)用Action前后調(diào)用攔截器(Interceptor),其默認(rèn)實(shí)現(xiàn)StrutsActionProxyFactory類中的createActionProxy()方法。 public ActionProxy createActionProxy(String namespace, String actionName, Map extraContext,boolean executeResult, boolean cleanupContext)throws Exception { ActionProxy proxy = new StrutsActionProxy(namespace, actionName, extraContext, executeResult, cleanupContext); container.inject(proxy); proxy.prepare(); return proxy; } 由上述的源代碼可見,方法返回了一個(gè)StrutsActionProxy對象作為ActionProxy的默認(rèn)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 其中proxy.prepare()方法,是用DefaultActionProxy類中的prepare()默認(rèn)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 public void prepare() throws Exception { String profileKey = "create DefaultActionProxy: "; try { UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey); config = configuration.getRuntimeConfiguration().getActionConfig(namespace, actionName); if (config == null && unknownHandler != null) { config = unknownHandler.handleUnknownAction(namespace, actionName); } if (config == null) { String message; if ((namespace != null) && (namespace.trim().length() > 0)) { message = calizedTextUtil.findDefaultText(XWorkMessages.MISSING_PACKAGE_ACTION_EXCEPTION, Locale.getDefault(), new String[]{ namespace, actionName }); } else { message = LocalizedTextUtil.findDefaultText(XWorkMessages.MISSING_ACTION_EXCEPTION, Locale.getDefault(), new String[]{ actionName }); } throw new ConfigurationException(message); } invocation = new DefaultActionInvocation(objectFactory, unknownHandler, this, extraContext, true, actionEventListener); resolveMethod(); } finally { UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey); } } 這里邊創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)DefaultActionInvocation對象作為ActionInvocation對象的默認(rèn)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 接著調(diào)用resolveMethod()方法 private void resolveMethod() { if (!TextUtils.stringSet(this.method)) { this.method = config.getMethodName(); if (!TextUtils.stringSet(this.method)) { this.method = "execute"; } } } 這個(gè)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了Action執(zhí)行方法的設(shè)定,如果config中配置有方法名,那么就將這個(gè)方法名作為執(zhí)行方法名,否則就用默認(rèn)的execute。 接著運(yùn)行proxy.setMethod(method)語句,這里主要為了設(shè)置Action調(diào)用中要執(zhí)行的方法.如果沒有方法被指定,將會由Action的配置來提供. 接著運(yùn)行 request.setAttribute()方法,把ValueStack對象放在Request對象中,以便通過Request對象訪問ValueStack中的對象. 接著判斷ActionMapping.getResult()是否為空,如果不為空,則獲取相關(guān)Result對象. 接著執(zhí)行result.execute(proxy.getInvocation())方法.在proxy.getInvocation()方法的默認(rèn)實(shí)現(xiàn)是DefaultActionProxy類的getInvocation()方法. getInvocation()方法獲取一個(gè)DefaultActionInvocation對象, DefaultActionInvocation對象在定義了invoke()方法,該方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了截?cái)r器的遞歸調(diào)用和執(zhí)行Action的執(zhí)行方法(如execute()方法). 如果不為空, 執(zhí)行proxy.execute()方法. ActionProxy類是通過DefaultActionProxy類來具體實(shí)現(xiàn)的. public String execute() throws Exception { ActionContext nestedContext = ActionContext.getContext(); ActionContext.setContext(invocation.getInvocationContext()); String retCode = null; String profileKey = "execute: "; try { UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey); retCode = invocation.invoke(); } finally { if (cleanupContext) { ActionContext.setContext(nestedContext); } UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey); } return retCode; } 在其中調(diào)用了ActionInvocation類的invoke()方法,而其具體實(shí)現(xiàn)是由DefaultActionInvocation類的invoke()方法實(shí)現(xiàn)的. 該方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了截?cái)r器的遞歸調(diào)用和執(zhí)行Action的execute()方法. public String invoke() throws Exception { String profileKey = "invoke: "; try { UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey); if (executed) { throw new IllegalStateException("Action has already executed"); } if (interceptors.hasNext()) { //從截?cái)r器集合中取出當(dāng)前的截?cái)r器 final InterceptorMapping interceptor = (InterceptorMapping) interceptors.next(); UtilTimerStack.profile("interceptor: " + interceptor.getName(),new UtilTimerStack.ProfilingBlock<String>() { public String doProfiling() throws Exception { resultCode = interceptor.getInterceptor().intercept(DefaultActionInvocation.this); return null; } }); } else { resultCode = invokeActionOnly(); } if (!executed) { if (preResultListeners != null) { for (Iterator iterator = preResultListeners.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) { PreResultListener listener = (PreResultListener) iterator.next(); String _profileKey = "preResultListener: "; try { UtilTimerStack.push(_profileKey); listener.beforeResult(this, resultCode); } finally { UtilTimerStack.pop(_profileKey); } } } if (proxy.getExecuteResult()) { executeResult(); } executed = true; } return resultCode; } finally { UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey); } } } 在上述代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)遞歸調(diào)用截?cái)r器是由Interceptor 類來實(shí)現(xiàn)的. publicinterface Interceptor extends Serializable { void destroy(); void init(); String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception; } 所有的截?cái)r器必須實(shí)現(xiàn)intercept方法,而該方法的參數(shù)恰恰又是ActionInvocation,所以,如果在intercept方法中調(diào)用 invocation.invoke(),invoke()方法中藍(lán)色代碼會再次執(zhí)行,從Action的Intercepor列表中找到下一個(gè)截?cái)r器,依此遞歸. 調(diào)用流程如下: 如果截?cái)r器全部執(zhí)行完畢,則調(diào)用invokeActionOnly()方法執(zhí)行Action,invokeActionOnly()方法基本沒做什么工作,只調(diào)用了invokeAction()方法。 public String invokeActionOnly() throws Exception { return invokeAction(getAction(), proxy.getConfig()); } DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction()方法實(shí)現(xiàn)Action的調(diào)用. protected String invokeAction(Object action, ActionConfig actionConfig) throws Exception { String methodName = proxy.getMethod(); if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("Executing action method = " + actionConfig.getMethodName()); } String timerKey = "invokeAction: " + proxy.getActionName(); try { UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey); Method method; try { method = getAction().getClass().getMethod(methodName,new Class[0]); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { try { String altMethodName = "do"+ methodName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()+ methodName.substring(1); method = getAction().getClass().getMethod(altMethodName,new Class[0]); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e1) { throw e; } } Object methodResult = method.invoke(action, new Object[0]); if (methodResult instanceof Result) { this.result = (Result) methodResult; return null; } else { return (String) methodResult; } } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("The " + methodName+ "() is not defined in action " + getAction().getClass() + ""); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { Throwable t = e.getTargetException(); if (actionEventListener != null) { String result = actionEventListener.handleException(t,getStack()); if (result != null) { return result; } } if (t instanceof Exception) { throw (Exception) t; } else { throw e; } } finally { UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey); } } 由這句Object methodResult = method.invoke(action, new Object[0]);可以看出,最后通過反射實(shí)現(xiàn)了Action的執(zhí)行方法的調(diào)用。 接著返回invoke()方法,判斷executed是否為false.如果是則調(diào)用了在PreResultListener中的定義的一些執(zhí)行Result前的操作. 接著根據(jù)配置文件中的設(shè)置執(zhí)行Result.其執(zhí)行方法為executeResult()方法. private void executeResult() throws Exception { result = createResult(); String timerKey = "executeResult: " + getResultCode(); try { UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey); if (result != null) { result.execute(this); } else if (resultCode != null && !Action.NONE.equals(resultCode)) { throw new ConfigurationException( "No result defined for action " + getAction().getClass().getName() + " and result " + getResultCode(), proxy .getConfig()); } else { if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("No result returned for action " + getAction().getClass().getName() + " at " + proxy.getConfig().getLocation()); } } } finally { UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey); } } 然后,返回到dispatcher.serviceAction()方法,完成調(diào)用.
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