一般說來,陳述句的直接引語變?yōu)橛蓆hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;一般疑問句的直接引語變?yōu)橛蓋hether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;特殊疑問句的直接引語變?yōu)橛稍厥庖蓡栐~引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;祈使句的直接引語變?yōu)楹欢ㄊ降膹?fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。直接引語變?yōu)橘e語從句后要注意以下幾個問題:

　　一、語序

　　不管直接引語原來是陳述語序還是疑問語序,變?yōu)橘e語從句后一律用陳述語序。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ________.

　　A. who is heB. who he is C. who is it D. who it is

　　答案為D。

　　二、連詞的選用

　　that和what引導(dǎo)賓語從句的區(qū)別:

　　that和what的選用是賓語從句中的重點,也是高考的熱點。選用that還是what要從分析句子成分入手。that只起引導(dǎo)詞的作用,在賓語從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,通?？梢允÷?what引導(dǎo)賓語從句除起連接作用外,還在句子中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、定語等句子成分。what的選用是近年來高考考查的焦點。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　1. People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see ________ he will do.

　　A. how B. what C. when D. that

　　答案為B。see后的賓語從句中動詞do后缺少賓語,選用what既作賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,又在賓語從句中擔(dān)任動詞do的賓語。

　　2. ______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

　　A. WhatB. ThatC. ThisD. Which

　　答案為B。That在本句中只起連接作用,在句中不作成分。

　　wh-詞與wh- + ever引導(dǎo)賓語從句的區(qū)別:

　　wh- + ever引起的賓語從句不含疑問意義,相當(dāng)于名詞 / 代詞后加一個定語從句;而what, which, who, whom, when, where, how等除與前一種從句有相同的含義之外,還都有疑問意義。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　1. These wild flowers are so special I would do ________ I can to save them.

　　A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever

　　答案為A。whatever既引導(dǎo)賓語從句,又在從句中作can(do) 的賓語。whatever相當(dāng)于anything that。這句話的意思是:這些野花非常特殊,我會盡一切努力來挽救它們。

　　2. It’s a matter of ______ would take the position.

　　A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever

　　答案為A。who 引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并且在從句中作主語,who在此含有疑問意義。這句話的意思是: 這是一個誰會擔(dān)任這一職位的問題。

　　whether與if引導(dǎo)賓語從句的區(qū)別:

　　whether與if在引導(dǎo)動詞的賓語從句時,兩者一般可以互換,但在引導(dǎo)作介詞賓語的賓語從句或緊接在or not之前時,常用whether。例如:

　　She asked me if (whether) I would go with her.

　　It all depends on whether they will support us.

　　We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.

　　三、祈使句的直接引語通常變?yōu)閹Р欢ㄊ降膹?fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　這時,謂語動詞通常用表示“命令、要求、建議”等的動詞。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　1. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise.

　　A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make

　　答案為D?？疾閍sk sb. not to do sth.這一復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　2. If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to ________ their name and address.

　　A. pass B. write C. take D. leave

　　答案為D?？疾閍sk sb. to do sth. 這一結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　四、賓語從句有時可簡化為“特殊疑問詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know, learn, forget, remember, tell等時,其后若帶有疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(賓語從句的主語須與主句主語一致),則該從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _______ in my new job.

　　A. expectedB. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects

　　答案為B。“疑問詞+不定式”作動詞know 的賓語。

　　五、“特殊疑問詞 + do you think / believe / suppose...”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于do you think / believe / suppose...后跟賓語從句,但特殊疑問詞總是放前, do you think / believe / suppose是插入語,其后應(yīng)使用陳述語序。做這種題時,可以把插入語去掉,只剩下句子主干,并且注意插入語后要用陳述語序,這樣答案便非常明顯了。

　　【考題再現(xiàn)】

　　—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.

　　—What do you suppose ______ to her?

　　A. was happeningB. to happen C. has happened D. having happened

　　答案為C。去掉插入語do you suppose,只有A、C選項有可能正確,根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則,正確答案為C。

　　(文/籍萬杰；英語輔導(dǎo)報高三版2003-2004學(xué)年第10期；版權(quán)歸英語輔導(dǎo)報社所有，獨家網(wǎng)絡(luò)合作伙伴新浪教育，未經(jīng)許可，不得以任何形式進行轉(zhuǎn)載。)