PEP小學(xué)英語重點(diǎn)句型語法總結(jié)與分析

三年級(jí)起點(diǎn)的人教版PEP教材在小學(xué)階段共有8冊(cè)書，其涉及的重要語法知識(shí)主要有7種：to be句型、there be句型、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句型、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句型、一般過去時(shí)句型、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can引導(dǎo)的句型、be going to句型等。現(xiàn)以5——8冊(cè)書為例，簡(jiǎn)要分析如下：

[一] to be句型：用于介紹個(gè)人情況如姓名、健康狀況、身份、國(guó)籍、家庭成員、朋友、職業(yè)等，描述地點(diǎn)、顏色、四季、日期、星期幾等，該句型廣泛分布于各冊(cè)教材中，其中5——8冊(cè)的句型主要有：

1. Who’s your English teacher?   Mr. Carter.  
2. What’s he like?  He’s tall and strong.
3. Is she quiet? No, she isn’t.  She is very active.
4. Is she strict?  Yes, she is, but she’s very kind.
5. What day is it today? It’s Wednesday.
6. What’s your favourite fruit/food…? 
7. They’re sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/…
8. When is your birthday? It’s in May.
9. My birthday is in June.  Uncle Bill’s birthday is in June, too.
10. Is her birthday in June?  Yes, it is.   
11. What’s the date? 
12.This is Zhang Peng.
13. Where is the cinema, please? It’s next to the hospital.
14. How tall are you？  I’m 164 cm tall.    
15. You are shorter than me.
16.You’re 4 cm taller than me.  
17.How heavy are you?  I’m 48 kg.
18. I’m thinner than you, and shorter.
19. What’s the matter with you?   My throat is sore.
20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah?

[二] there be句型：表示存在，即：“某處有某物”或“某時(shí)有某事”。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：There is+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)。There are+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+地點(diǎn)。該句型主要分布在第5冊(cè)的Unit 5和Unit 6中，如：

1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.
2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.
3. Is there a forest in the park?  Yes, there is.
4. Is there a river?  No, there isn’t.
5. Are there any pandas in the mountains?  No, there aren’t.
6. Are there any fish in the rivers?   Yes, there are.

[三] 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句型：表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或行為，或現(xiàn)在存在著的狀況。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+行為動(dòng)詞+其他。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞原形后面加s或es，其他人稱作主語時(shí)則用動(dòng)詞原形，在問句及否定句中需要用助動(dòng)詞do或does。這種句型通常有一些標(biāo)志詞，如：usually  often   sometimes  never  always等。該句型主要分布在第5冊(cè)Unit2&3，第6冊(cè)Unit1&2, 第7冊(cè)Unit4,5,6, 第8冊(cè)Unit2中。如：

Book5:
1. What do you have on Thursdays?  We have English, math and science on Thursdays.   
2. What do you do on Saturdays?  I watch TV on Saturdays.
3. I do my homework.
4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays?  We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.
5. I like fruit. But I don’t like grapes.

Book6:
1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.
2. When do you get up?  I usually get up at 12:00 noon.
3. What do you do on the weekend?  Usually I watch TV and go shopping.
4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.
5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best.
6. Why do you like summer/winter?

Book7:
1. How do you go to school, Sarah? 
2. Usually I go to school on foot.  Sometimes I go by bike.
3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.
4. Does she teach math?  Yes, she does.
5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesn’t.  She teaches math.
6. What does your mother do?  What does your father do?
7. Where does she work?  She works in a car company.
8. How does she go to work?  She goes to work by bus.
9. Where does the rain come from?  It comes from the clouds.
10. Where does the cloud come from?  It comes from the vapour.
11. Where does the vapour come from?   It comes from the water in the river.
12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.
13. How do you do that? 

Book8:
1. My nose hurts.
2. How do you feel?    I feel sick.   How does Amy feel?
3. You look so happy.  You look sad today. 

[四] 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句型：表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或事件，或在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的情況。標(biāo)志詞是：now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞(v. ing)。該句型主要分布在第6冊(cè)Unit4, 5, 6中。如：

1. What are you doing?  I’m doing the dishes.   I’m reading a book.
2. Grandpa is writing a letter.  Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.
3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.
3. What is it doing ?  It’s eating bananas.  
4. What is she doing ?   She’s jumping.  
5. What are they doing ?  They’re swimming.  They’ re climbing trees.
6. Are you eating lunch?   No, we aren’t.
7. Are they eating the honey?  Yes, they are.
8. Is he playing chess?  Yes, he is. 
9. Is she counting insects?  No, she isn’t.

[五] 一般過去時(shí)句型：表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他。標(biāo)志詞通常是：yesterday, last week ,  last year 等，在問句與否定句中要用助動(dòng)詞did。該句型分布在第8冊(cè)Unit3&4中。如：

1.What did you do last weekend?   I played football.
2. Did you help them clean their room?  Yes, I did.
3.What did you do yesterday?   I went fishing.
4. Did you read book?   Yes, I did.
5. Did you clean your room?  No, I didn’t.
6.Where did you go on your holiday?  I went to Xinjiang.
7. What did you do there?  I sang and danced with my new friends.
8. How did you go there？  I went by train.

此外，一般過去時(shí)也可用來表示客氣的詢問。如：
Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? I’d like some…

[六] 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can引導(dǎo)的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的動(dòng)詞要用原形。該句型主要分布在第5冊(cè)Unit4和第7冊(cè)Unit1中。如：

Book4: 1. What can you do?   I can sweep the floor.   I can cook the meals.
2. I can water the flowers.    
3. Can you make the bed?    No, I can’t. 
4. Can you use a computer?    Yes, I can.

Book7:  How can I get to Zhongshan Park?  You can go by the No. 15 bus.

[七] 將來時(shí)：我們的教材中出現(xiàn)過兩種表示將來時(shí)的句型，即：will和be going to句型，主要以be going to句型為主，表示將要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are + going to + v.原形。標(biāo)志詞有：tomorrow  next weekend  this morning  this weekend  next…be going to
Book7:
1. What are you going to do this weekend?   I am going to visit my grandparents.
2. Where are you going?   I am going to the cinema.
3. How is he going to Beijing?    He is going to Beijing by plane.
4. When is she going to Xiashan?    She is going to go there at 9:00 am.